中心城区边缘区短距离出行的方式选择与优化——以温州市广化片区为例
|
摘要
短距离出行的公共交通服务是公交都市建设中亟须补齐的短板之一。以大城市中心城区边缘区为研究范围,从人群与气候适应性、土地资源占用、对街巷与尽端路的渗透度、OD分布吻合度、公共交通系统整合度、运营时段限制6个方面比较了4种可能的交通方式。提出该类区域适宜形成区域运营的社区公共汽车为主体、互联网租赁自行车为辅助、公共自行车和定线运营的社区公共汽车为补充的短距离公共交通出行结构。以温州市广化片区为例,通过实地考察、问卷调查、访谈等方法对乘客和居民进行深入调研,分析居民的认知、需求与期望以及社区公共汽车的运营问题。借鉴公共经济学理论,从路权再分配、停车受益区制度设计、运营模式优化、票制票价设计等多个视角提出改善与优化的协同策略。
Public transit service for short-distance travel is one of the short slabs to be complemented in developing transit metropolis. Aiming at the peripheral areas of city center in big cities, this paper compares four possible travel modes in several aspects: the adaptation of people and climate, occupation of land resource, degree of permeability to alleys and cul-de-sac, fitness of OD distribution, integration of public transit system, and limitation of operation time. The paper proposes a public transit service structure for short-distance travel with regional operating community bus as the main body, internet bike sharing as auxiliary, and public bikes and community bus with fixed lines as supplementation. Taking Guanghua district in Wenzhou city as an example, the paper analyzes residents' cognition, demand and expectation as well as the problems of operating community buses through field observation, questionnaire survey, and interviews. Based on the theory of public economics, the paper proposes integrated strategies in several aspects:reallocation of right-of-way, system design of parking benefit districts, optimization of operation modes,and design of fare system and price.
Public transit service for short-distance travel is one of the short slabs to be complemented in developing transit metropolis. Aiming at the peripheral areas of city center in big cities, this paper compares four possible travel modes in several aspects: the adaptation of people and climate, occupation of land resource, degree of permeability to alleys and cul-de-sac, fitness of OD distribution, integration of public transit system, and limitation of operation time. The paper proposes a public transit service structure for short-distance travel with regional operating community bus as the main body, internet bike sharing as auxiliary, and public bikes and community bus with fixed lines as supplementation. Taking Guanghua district in Wenzhou city as an example, the paper analyzes residents' cognition, demand and expectation as well as the problems of operating community buses through field observation, questionnaire survey, and interviews. Based on the theory of public economics, the paper proposes integrated strategies in several aspects:reallocation of right-of-way, system design of parking benefit districts, optimization of operation modes,and design of fare system and price.
引文
[1]陈非.社区巴士运行特征分析与优化对策[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2012,8(8):346-348.
[2]唐安静.浅析社区巴士的运营和发展模式:以上海市宝山闵行两区社区巴士为例[C]//中国城市规划学会.多元与包容:2012中国城市规划年会论文集.昆明:云南科技出版社,2012:930-937.
[3]韩兵,樊钧,吴红,等.苏州市社区巴士运营特征分析及规划研究[C]//中国城市规划学会城市交通规划学术委员会.交通变革:多元与融合:2016年中国城市交通规划年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016:1295-1304.
[4]袁亮,卢应东,夏淼磊.温州市龙湾区社区巴士营运分析与发展思考[J].城市公共交通,2017(11):32-34.Yuan Liang,Lu Yingdong,Xia Miaolei.The Operation Analysis and Development Thinking of Community Bus in Longwan District WenZhou City[J].Urban Public Transport,2017(11):32-34.
[5]纪文婷,周智慧,薛淑青,等.乌鲁木齐市社区巴士车运营现状及满意度调查研究报告:以众泰社区为例[J].中外企业家,2017(22):177+185.
[6]吴娇蓉.社区巴士的定位与运作模式探讨[J].城市公用事业,2011,25(6):6-7.
[7]祝涛,林彬.基于社区特征的社区巴士规划研究[C]//中国城市规划学会城市交通规划学术委员会.协同发展与交通实践:2015年中国城市交通规划年会暨第28次学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015:113.
[8]周华庆,乐晓辉,张惠璇,等.社区公交服务供给与公交社区规划:以深圳大学城为例[J].城市发展研究,2016,23(10):73-78.Zhou Huaqing,Le Xiaohui,Zhang Huixuan,et al.Supply Community Transit Service in Shenzhen Transit Metropolis[J].Urban Development Studies,2016,23(10):73-78.
[9]徐晓岛.全过程公众参与:促进社区巴士可持续发展的一种策略[C]//中国城市规划学会城市交通规划学术委员会.交叉创新与转型重构:2017中国城市交通规划年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017:40.
[10]沙建锋.快速机动化时期的机动车发展调控措施研究[J].交通建设与管理,2014(16):214-217.
[11]黎明,宋国华,程颖,等.城市过量短距离小汽车出行研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2014,38(3):15-21.Li Ming,Song Guohua,Cheng Ying,et al.Research on Excessive Short Distance Car Trips in Urban Area[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2014,38(3):15-21.
[12]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见[EB/OL].2016[2018-03-06].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2016/content_5051277.htm.
[13]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道沿线地区规划设计导则[R].北京:中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,2015.
[14]徐循初,黄建中.城市道路与交通规划(下册)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[15]Fortin C,Rousseau R.Interference from ShortTerm Memory Processing on Encoding and Reproducing Brief Duration[J].Psychological Research,1998,61(4):269-276.
[16]刘贤腾.交通方式竞争:论我国城市公共交通的发展[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2012.Liu Xianteng.Competition Among Travel Modes:Exploring the Development of Urban Transit in Chinese Major Cities[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,2012.
[17]全永燊,潘昭宇.中国大城市交通市场化发展战略研究[J].城市交通,2017,15(2):1-8.Quan Yongshen,Pan Zhaoyu.Development Strategy for Marketing Transportation System of Chinese Metropolis[J].Urban Transport of China,2017,15(2):1-8.
[18]Donald Shoup,Yuan Quan,Jiang Xin.Charging for Parking to Finance Public Services[J].Journal of Planning Education and Research,2017,37(2):136-149.
(1)最佳站距指使乘行时间最短的站距,利用d(2t)步+t车/dl站=0,可求得l站=(V步L乘t上下/30)1/2。式中:t步为步行到离站时间/min;t车为乘车时间/min; l站为公共汽车站的平均距离/km; V步为步行速度/(km·h-1); L乘为平均乘距/km; t上下为车辆在站上下乘客的时间/min。
(2)本调查分别针对社区公交乘客和广化片区内未乘坐过社区公交的居民发放问卷。前者旨在了解其出行目的、乘车频率、选择社区公交的原因以及遇到的问题等,回收有效问卷201份。后者旨在了解其未选择乘坐社区公交的原因及方式转移的可能性,回收有效问卷134份。
[2]唐安静.浅析社区巴士的运营和发展模式:以上海市宝山闵行两区社区巴士为例[C]//中国城市规划学会.多元与包容:2012中国城市规划年会论文集.昆明:云南科技出版社,2012:930-937.
[3]韩兵,樊钧,吴红,等.苏州市社区巴士运营特征分析及规划研究[C]//中国城市规划学会城市交通规划学术委员会.交通变革:多元与融合:2016年中国城市交通规划年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016:1295-1304.
[4]袁亮,卢应东,夏淼磊.温州市龙湾区社区巴士营运分析与发展思考[J].城市公共交通,2017(11):32-34.Yuan Liang,Lu Yingdong,Xia Miaolei.The Operation Analysis and Development Thinking of Community Bus in Longwan District WenZhou City[J].Urban Public Transport,2017(11):32-34.
[5]纪文婷,周智慧,薛淑青,等.乌鲁木齐市社区巴士车运营现状及满意度调查研究报告:以众泰社区为例[J].中外企业家,2017(22):177+185.
[6]吴娇蓉.社区巴士的定位与运作模式探讨[J].城市公用事业,2011,25(6):6-7.
[7]祝涛,林彬.基于社区特征的社区巴士规划研究[C]//中国城市规划学会城市交通规划学术委员会.协同发展与交通实践:2015年中国城市交通规划年会暨第28次学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015:113.
[8]周华庆,乐晓辉,张惠璇,等.社区公交服务供给与公交社区规划:以深圳大学城为例[J].城市发展研究,2016,23(10):73-78.Zhou Huaqing,Le Xiaohui,Zhang Huixuan,et al.Supply Community Transit Service in Shenzhen Transit Metropolis[J].Urban Development Studies,2016,23(10):73-78.
[9]徐晓岛.全过程公众参与:促进社区巴士可持续发展的一种策略[C]//中国城市规划学会城市交通规划学术委员会.交叉创新与转型重构:2017中国城市交通规划年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017:40.
[10]沙建锋.快速机动化时期的机动车发展调控措施研究[J].交通建设与管理,2014(16):214-217.
[11]黎明,宋国华,程颖,等.城市过量短距离小汽车出行研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2014,38(3):15-21.Li Ming,Song Guohua,Cheng Ying,et al.Research on Excessive Short Distance Car Trips in Urban Area[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2014,38(3):15-21.
[12]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见[EB/OL].2016[2018-03-06].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2016/content_5051277.htm.
[13]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道沿线地区规划设计导则[R].北京:中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,2015.
[14]徐循初,黄建中.城市道路与交通规划(下册)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[15]Fortin C,Rousseau R.Interference from ShortTerm Memory Processing on Encoding and Reproducing Brief Duration[J].Psychological Research,1998,61(4):269-276.
[16]刘贤腾.交通方式竞争:论我国城市公共交通的发展[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2012.Liu Xianteng.Competition Among Travel Modes:Exploring the Development of Urban Transit in Chinese Major Cities[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,2012.
[17]全永燊,潘昭宇.中国大城市交通市场化发展战略研究[J].城市交通,2017,15(2):1-8.Quan Yongshen,Pan Zhaoyu.Development Strategy for Marketing Transportation System of Chinese Metropolis[J].Urban Transport of China,2017,15(2):1-8.
[18]Donald Shoup,Yuan Quan,Jiang Xin.Charging for Parking to Finance Public Services[J].Journal of Planning Education and Research,2017,37(2):136-149.
(1)最佳站距指使乘行时间最短的站距,利用d(2t)步+t车/dl站=0,可求得l站=(V步L乘t上下/30)1/2。式中:t步为步行到离站时间/min;t车为乘车时间/min; l站为公共汽车站的平均距离/km; V步为步行速度/(km·h-1); L乘为平均乘距/km; t上下为车辆在站上下乘客的时间/min。
(2)本调查分别针对社区公交乘客和广化片区内未乘坐过社区公交的居民发放问卷。前者旨在了解其出行目的、乘车频率、选择社区公交的原因以及遇到的问题等,回收有效问卷201份。后者旨在了解其未选择乘坐社区公交的原因及方式转移的可能性,回收有效问卷134份。