典型炸药的毒性效应及其作用机制研究进展
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摘要
2,4,6?三硝基甲苯(TNT)、黑索今(RDX)、季戊四醇四硝酸酯(PETN)等典型炸药可以引起肝、肾、血液及神经等多组织器官的毒性效应。本文就典型炸药的毒性效应及其作用机制进行综述,简要概述了典型炸药的细胞、微生物和动物毒性效应,以及职业人群的流行病学统计;以TNT为例,着重从氧化应激机制、代谢产物与蛋白质、DNA反应机制两个方面来阐述典型炸药毒性机制的研究进展。指出目前炸药毒性研究主要集中于炸药毒性测试方面,而对炸药毒性机制的认识比较缺乏。认为采用机器学习等方法建立炸药分子与其生物毒性之间的定量构效关系;深入研究高铁血红蛋白血症、中毒性白内障、致癌、致畸等硝基芳香类炸药典型毒性效应的分子机制等是今后的研究重点。
Typical military explosives,such as trinitrotoluene(TNT),hexogen,octogen,pentaerythritol tetranitrate,can cause a variety of toxic effects on mammalian tissues and organs such as liver,kidney,blood and nerves. This paper reviewed the toxic effects and mechanisms of typical explosives,and briefly summarized their cellular,microbial and animal toxic effects,as well as the epidemiological statistics of occupational populations. Taking TNT as an example,the review also introduced the toxic mechanisms of typical explosive,emphasizing the oxidative stress and the reaction of TNT metabolites with protein and DNA. Fi?nally,it was pointed out that the current toxicity study of explosives mainly focuses on the testing of toxicity,while the under?standing on toxic mechanisms of explosives is lacking. We presented future research priorities. For example,the quantitative structure?activity relationship between explosive molecules and biological toxicity by the machine learning technology,the in?vestigation of toxic mechanism for nitroaromatic explosives,including hemoglobinemia,toxic cataract,carcinogenic and terato?genic,should be paid more attention.
Typical military explosives,such as trinitrotoluene(TNT),hexogen,octogen,pentaerythritol tetranitrate,can cause a variety of toxic effects on mammalian tissues and organs such as liver,kidney,blood and nerves. This paper reviewed the toxic effects and mechanisms of typical explosives,and briefly summarized their cellular,microbial and animal toxic effects,as well as the epidemiological statistics of occupational populations. Taking TNT as an example,the review also introduced the toxic mechanisms of typical explosive,emphasizing the oxidative stress and the reaction of TNT metabolites with protein and DNA. Fi?nally,it was pointed out that the current toxicity study of explosives mainly focuses on the testing of toxicity,while the under?standing on toxic mechanisms of explosives is lacking. We presented future research priorities. For example,the quantitative structure?activity relationship between explosive molecules and biological toxicity by the machine learning technology,the in?vestigation of toxic mechanism for nitroaromatic explosives,including hemoglobinemia,toxic cataract,carcinogenic and terato?genic,should be paid more attention.
引文
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