Inconel 740H蠕变过程中晶界M_(23)C_6的粗化行为
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摘要
为了解700℃超临界电站锅炉过/再热器用主要候选材料Inconel 740H晶界M_(23)C_6相在蠕变过程中的粗化行为,对通过真空感应熔炼和真空电弧重熔双联工艺制备的合金,在750℃/200 MPa条件下分别开展蠕变中断与蠕变断裂试验,并利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、能谱分析仪等测试方法对晶界M_(23)C_6相进行表征.采用Image-Pro Plus软件对相参量进行定量统计,进而分析其变化趋势.研究表明:在所研究温度、应力及时间范围内,随着蠕变时间的延长,晶界富Cr的M_(23)C_6相逐渐由粒状、短棒状发展成为长条、半连续的链状分布;粒子沿平行于晶界方向的长大速率明显高于沿垂直于晶界方向的长大速率,但二者的粗化均表现出尺寸三次方与时间之间呈线性关系的规律;相数量的增加与蠕变时间亦呈线性关系;与尺寸的粗化相比,相数量的增长较为缓慢,外加应力在一定程度上促进了M_(23)C_6的析出.
To understand the coarsening behavior of grain boundary M_(23)C_6 in Inconel 740 H,which is a new Ni-Co based superalloy developed for superheater/reheater of 700 ℃ ultra super-critical boiler, creep interrupted and creep rupture tests of the Inconel 740 H obtained by vacuum melting and vacuum arc remelting were performed under the conditions of 750 ℃ and 200 MPa up to 3 000 and 5 879 h,respectively. The evolution of M_(23)C_6 precipitates along grain boundaries were investigated as a function of creep time by SEM,TEM and EDS technologies and Image-Pro Plus software. The result shows that the M_(23)C_6 phase of Cr-rich Cr is gradually grown from granular and short rods into long and semi-continuous chain-like distribution with the creep time prolonged in the studied temperature,stress and time range. The growth rate in the grain boundary direction is obviously higher than that in the direction perpendicular to the grain boundary direction,but the coarsening of the two shows the linear relationship between the cube of average size of M_(23)C_6 particles and the creep time.Compared with the coarsening rate of phase size,the increasing of phase amount is relatively slow,and it also presents a linear relationship between the amount of phase and creep time. In addition,the applied stress can promote the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 to a certain extent.
To understand the coarsening behavior of grain boundary M_(23)C_6 in Inconel 740 H,which is a new Ni-Co based superalloy developed for superheater/reheater of 700 ℃ ultra super-critical boiler, creep interrupted and creep rupture tests of the Inconel 740 H obtained by vacuum melting and vacuum arc remelting were performed under the conditions of 750 ℃ and 200 MPa up to 3 000 and 5 879 h,respectively. The evolution of M_(23)C_6 precipitates along grain boundaries were investigated as a function of creep time by SEM,TEM and EDS technologies and Image-Pro Plus software. The result shows that the M_(23)C_6 phase of Cr-rich Cr is gradually grown from granular and short rods into long and semi-continuous chain-like distribution with the creep time prolonged in the studied temperature,stress and time range. The growth rate in the grain boundary direction is obviously higher than that in the direction perpendicular to the grain boundary direction,but the coarsening of the two shows the linear relationship between the cube of average size of M_(23)C_6 particles and the creep time.Compared with the coarsening rate of phase size,the increasing of phase amount is relatively slow,and it also presents a linear relationship between the amount of phase and creep time. In addition,the applied stress can promote the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 to a certain extent.
引文
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[16]杨宇.钢和铁、镍基合金的物理化学相分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1982.YANG Yu.Physicochemical phase analysis of steel,iron and Ni-base superalloy[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science&Technical Publishers,1982.
[17]CHONG Y,LIU Z D,GODFREY A,et al.Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 740H during aging at 750℃[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2014,589:153-164.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.09.076.
[2]王岩,曾莉,苗华军,等.700℃超超临界锅炉材料GH4700镍基合金Al2O3+Ti N复合析出行为研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2013,21(3):122-128.WANG Yan,ZENG Li,MIAO Huajun,et al.Research on the precipitation of Al2O3+Ti N in the GH4700 nickel-base superalloy for 700℃ultrasupercritical boilers[J].Materials Science&Technology,2013,21(3):122-128.
[3]ZHAO S,XIE X,SMITH G D,et al.Gamma prime coarsening and age-hardening behaviors in a new nickel base superalloy[J].Materials Letters,2004,58(11):1784-1787.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2003.10.053.
[4]EA T,LE M.A TEM investigation of M23C6carbide precipitation behavior on varying grain boundary misorientations in 304 stainless steels[J].Journal of Materials Science,1998,33(5):1263-1271.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004390029071.
[5]郭建亭.高温合金材料学.上册[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.GUO Jianting.Materials Science and Engineering for Superalloys:Volume One[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[6]GB/T 2039—2012,金属材料单轴拉伸蠕变试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.GB/T 2039—2012,Metallic materials-Uniaxial creep testing method in tension[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2012.
[7]符锐,林富生,赵双群,等.Inconel 740H主要强化元素对热力学平衡相析出行为的影响[J].动力工程学报,2013,33(5):315-315.FU Rui,LIN Fusheng,ZHAO Shuangqun,et al.Influence of strengthening elements on precipitation of thermodynamic equilibrium phases in Inconel alloy740H[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2013,33(5):315-315.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7607.2013.05.014.
[8]CHONG Y,LIU Z,GODFREY A,et al.Detrimental effect of cellular precipitation on the creep strength of Inconel740H[J].Philosophical Magazine Letters,2013,93(12):688-696.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2013.847289.
[9]PATEL S J,DEBARBADILLO JJ,BAKER B A,et al.Nickel base superalloys for next generation coal fired AUSC power plants[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,55(12):246-252.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.250.
[10]李慧.Ni-Cr-Fe合金中晶界偏聚与晶界析出的研究[D].上海:上海大学,2011.LI Hui.Study of grain boundary segregation and precipitation in Ni-Cr-Fe alloys[D].Shanghai:Shanghai University,2011.
[11]毕中南,董建新,张麦仓,等.一种航空发动机密封用镍基合金组织稳定性的实验研究及理论计算[J].航空学报,2010,31(3):643-649.BI Zhongnan,DONG Jianxin,ZHANG Maicang,et al.Experimental study and theoretical calculation on structure stability of a nickel-based superalloy for seals in aero-engine[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2010,31(3):643-649.
[12]郑子杰.700℃超超临界锅炉用740H合金组织稳定性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2014.ZHENG Zijie.Research on microstructure stability of740H alloy used for A-USC boilers[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2014.
[13]王富岗,祝苏明,朱世杰,等.晶界碳化物对Fe-Cr15-Ni25合金蠕变裂纹扩展行为的影响[J].金属学报,1991,27(4):54-58.WANG Fugang,ZHU Suming,ZHU Shijie,et al.Effect of boundary carbide on creep crack growth in Fe-Cr15-Ni25 alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,1991,27(4):54-58.
[14]ZHUMENSKP,EVC P,JANOVEC J.Kinetics of growth of M23C6intergranular precipitates in18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo austenitic stainless steel[J].Kovove Materialy,1999,37(2):108-119.
[15]SOURMAIL T,BHADESHIA H K D H.Modelling simultaneous precipitation reactions in austenitic stainless steels[J].Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry,2003,27(2):169-175.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2003.08.002.
[16]杨宇.钢和铁、镍基合金的物理化学相分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1982.YANG Yu.Physicochemical phase analysis of steel,iron and Ni-base superalloy[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science&Technical Publishers,1982.
[17]CHONG Y,LIU Z D,GODFREY A,et al.Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 740H during aging at 750℃[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2014,589:153-164.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.09.076.
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