基于GF-1影像的沿淮地区冬季耕地撂荒遥感调查应用
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摘要
耕地作为一种稀缺资源对国家和农民来说都具有极其重要的意义,但随着市场经济的深入和农村经济的发展,农村耕地撂荒现象时有发生,撂荒耕地必然导致土地资源浪费,影响到中国粮食安全和农民增收,也不利于农村经济社会稳定发展。沿淮地区是安徽省乃至全国重要的商品粮生产基地,但近年来冬季撂荒情况日益严重。该文拟选取安徽省霍邱县,利用2015、2016、2017三年冬小麦生长期内的GF-1卫星16 m多光谱影像,提取霍邱县冬季作物种植的空间分布和面积,通过多年数据对比,来分析霍邱县近年冬季耕地撂荒情况。结果显示:2015、2016、2017三个年度冬小麦种植面积分别为937.72,821.79,608.91km~2。参照2015年度冬小麦种植情况,2016年度冬季撂荒面积115.93 km~2、占比12.36%,2017年度冬季撂荒面积328.81 km~2、占比35.06%。结合实地调研分析,霍邱县近年来冬季撂荒面积不断增大的的主要原因有农田排灌等水利设施不足、稻茬麦效益低、外出务工等。而2017年度撂荒面积明显增加的直接原因是冬小麦播种期间,出现连续阴雨异常天气,低洼地区田间积水严重,致使冬小麦无法播种,被动撂荒。该文的研究可以为沿淮地区冬季撂荒遥感调查提供技术参考。
The total supply of arable land resources and reserved land resources is very limited in China, and the contradiction between people and land is prominent. The rural land, as the property of farmers, is considered as a scarce resource. However, with the development of the market economy and rural economy, the phenomenon of abandoning rural lands will inevitably lead to the waste of land resources, affecting our food security and rural incomes. In addition, the phenomenon will further increase the cost of land law enforcement, which is not conducive to the stable development of rural economy and society. In order to obtain the situation of abandoned farmlands in winter in the region along the Huaihe River, a method for surveying the abandoned farmlands by using remote sensing technology was researched and used in this study. Huoqiu County, the main grain-producing area along the Huaihe River in Northern Anhui Province, was selected as the study area. GF-1 image with 16 m resolution in April from 2015 to 2017, while the winter wheat growing, were used as the data source to survey the situation of farmland abandonment. 1) The distribution of crops growing in winter was extracted, mainly winter wheat, from remote sensing; 2) Then the accurate planting area of crops was got by subtracting small features area using a deduction coefficient of small ground objects which from the 10 km × 10 km sampling frames. Finally, the winter wheat planting areas in 2015, 2016 and 2017 were compared. Because winter rape planting area only accounted for about 6.2% of winter wheat planting area in local, so crop of winter rape was not considered as in this study when interpreting images, and would produce some errors within the acceptable range. Two important conclusions were drawn: 1) In the whole county, the winter wheat planting areas from 2015 to 2017 were respectively 937.72, 821.79 and 608.91 km~2. 2) Based on the winter wheat planting area in 2015, the areas of abandoned farmlands in winter in the year of 2016, 2017 were 115.93 and 328.81 km~2 with ratio of 12.36% and 35.06%. Based on the investigation and interview of local farmers, it was considered that the continuous rainy season weather during the sowing period of winter wheat was the direct reason for the obvious increase of abandoned farmland area in 2017. Because of the continuous rainfall, serious water accumulation in low-lying areas prevented the winter wheat from being sowed and farmland were abandoned passively. Further analysis showed that the main reasons for the increase of abandoned framland in Huoqiu County and in the region along the Huaihe River in winter in recent years were insufficient irrigation and drainage facilities, low benefit of wheat which following rice, and farmers' empolyment behavior in cities, and so on. Therefore, the government should focus on improving the local farmland infrastructure conditions, enhancing the ability of disaster prevention and resilience, and take various measures to improve the profits on winter wheat planting, innovate the way of utilization of winter fallow field, and so on, in order to alleviate the farmland abandonment problem in region in winter. Remote sensing technology has great advantages in obtaining large range of farmland abandonment information, and the research in this paper could provide a reference for remote sensing investigation of winter farmland abandonment in the region along the Huaihe River.
The total supply of arable land resources and reserved land resources is very limited in China, and the contradiction between people and land is prominent. The rural land, as the property of farmers, is considered as a scarce resource. However, with the development of the market economy and rural economy, the phenomenon of abandoning rural lands will inevitably lead to the waste of land resources, affecting our food security and rural incomes. In addition, the phenomenon will further increase the cost of land law enforcement, which is not conducive to the stable development of rural economy and society. In order to obtain the situation of abandoned farmlands in winter in the region along the Huaihe River, a method for surveying the abandoned farmlands by using remote sensing technology was researched and used in this study. Huoqiu County, the main grain-producing area along the Huaihe River in Northern Anhui Province, was selected as the study area. GF-1 image with 16 m resolution in April from 2015 to 2017, while the winter wheat growing, were used as the data source to survey the situation of farmland abandonment. 1) The distribution of crops growing in winter was extracted, mainly winter wheat, from remote sensing; 2) Then the accurate planting area of crops was got by subtracting small features area using a deduction coefficient of small ground objects which from the 10 km × 10 km sampling frames. Finally, the winter wheat planting areas in 2015, 2016 and 2017 were compared. Because winter rape planting area only accounted for about 6.2% of winter wheat planting area in local, so crop of winter rape was not considered as in this study when interpreting images, and would produce some errors within the acceptable range. Two important conclusions were drawn: 1) In the whole county, the winter wheat planting areas from 2015 to 2017 were respectively 937.72, 821.79 and 608.91 km~2. 2) Based on the winter wheat planting area in 2015, the areas of abandoned farmlands in winter in the year of 2016, 2017 were 115.93 and 328.81 km~2 with ratio of 12.36% and 35.06%. Based on the investigation and interview of local farmers, it was considered that the continuous rainy season weather during the sowing period of winter wheat was the direct reason for the obvious increase of abandoned farmland area in 2017. Because of the continuous rainfall, serious water accumulation in low-lying areas prevented the winter wheat from being sowed and farmland were abandoned passively. Further analysis showed that the main reasons for the increase of abandoned framland in Huoqiu County and in the region along the Huaihe River in winter in recent years were insufficient irrigation and drainage facilities, low benefit of wheat which following rice, and farmers' empolyment behavior in cities, and so on. Therefore, the government should focus on improving the local farmland infrastructure conditions, enhancing the ability of disaster prevention and resilience, and take various measures to improve the profits on winter wheat planting, innovate the way of utilization of winter fallow field, and so on, in order to alleviate the farmland abandonment problem in region in winter. Remote sensing technology has great advantages in obtaining large range of farmland abandonment information, and the research in this paper could provide a reference for remote sensing investigation of winter farmland abandonment in the region along the Huaihe River.
引文
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[2]Khanal N R,Watanabe T.Abandonment of agricultural land and its consequences:A case study in the Sikles area,Gandaki Basin,Nepal Himalaya[J].Mountain Research and Development,2006,26(1):32-40.
[3]孙宏岭,孙红霞.威胁中国粮食安全最危险的因素:弃耕抛荒[J].粮食科技与经济,2009,34(1):19-20.Sun Hongling,Sun Hongxia.Abandonment:The most dangerous threatening factors to food security in China[J].Grain Science and Technology and Economy,2009,34(1):19-20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]刘谷生.农村土地抛荒问题及其治理研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2012.Liu Gusheng.Research on the Problems and Governance of Abandened Farmlands[D].Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]杨普,张长青.安徽省沿淮地区粮食生产现状分析及对策研究[J].农业科技管理,2009,28(4):21-24.
[6]张大鹏.霍邱粮食生产实现“六连冠”[N].安徽日报,2010-12-23(A01).
[7]中央电视台焦点访谈.乡土中国农村系列调查:谁来种地[EB/OL].[2018-08-14].http://tv.cctv.com/2017/03/23/VIDE-F0u K6b TBHAd WXdz S8Ald170323.shtml.
[8]刘国栋,邬明权,牛铮,等.基于GF-1卫星数据的农作物种植面积遥感抽样调查方法[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):160-166.Liu Guodong,Wu Mingquan,Niu Zheng,et al.Investigation method for crop area using remote sensing sampling based on GF-1 satellite data[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(5):160-166.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]易湘生,马尚杰,游炯,等.遥感调查中耕地解译面积精准核算研究[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊1):169-176.Yi Xiangsheng,Ma Shangjie,You Jiong,et al.Accurate calculation of farmland area during remote sensing survey[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(Supp.1):169-176.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]马尚杰,易湘生,游炯,等.基于GF-1影像的冬小麦种植面积核算及直补政策实施评价[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):169-174.Ma Shangjie,Yi Xiangsheng,You Jiong,et al.Winter wheat cultivated area estimation and implementation evaluation of grain direct subsidy policy based on GF-1 imagery[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(18):169-174.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]程维芳,周艺,王世新,等.基于多光谱遥感的撂荒地识别方法研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(6):1615-1620.Cheng Weifang,Zhou Yi,Wang Shixin,et al.Study on the method of recognizing abandoned farmlands based on multispectral remote sensing[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(6):1615-1620.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]阿力木江·吐斯依提,朱秀芳,努尔麦麦提·艾尔肯.基于时序归一化植被指数的撂荒地调查研究[J].上海国土资源,2016,37(4):34-37.Alimujiang·Tusiyiti,Zhu Xiufang,Nuermaimaiti·Aierken.Studying abandoned farmland using temporal NDVI data[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2016,37(4):34-37.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]马玲玲.半干旱地区基于遥感与农户调查的耕地撂荒原因探究:以内蒙古和林格尔县为例[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2010.Ma Lingling.Probe into the Reasons of Farmland Abandoned in Semi-arid Regions Based on Remote Sensing and the Investigation of Peasant Household:A Case Study of Hollinger County in Inner Mongolia[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Normal University,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]史铁丑,徐晓红.重庆市典型县撂荒耕地图斑的提取与验证[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(24):261-267.Shi Tiechou,Xu Xiaohong.Extraction and validation of abandoned farmland parcel in typical counties of Chongqing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(24):261-267.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]黄振国,杨君.高分一号卫星影像监测水稻种植面积研究综述[J].湖南农业科学,2014(13):76-78.Huang Zhenguo,Yang Jun.Review of high-1 satellite image monitoring rice planting area[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2014(13):76-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]翁进,曾海波,罗国斌.GF-1卫星数据在土地利用变更调查遥感监测中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(16):358-362,392.Weng Jin,Zeng Haibo,Luo Guobin.The application of GF-1remote sensing image in the land use change monitoring[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2015,43(16):358-362,392.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]刘佳.国产高分卫星数据的农业应用[J].卫星应用,2015(3):31-33,36.Liu Jia.The agricultural application of domestic high resolution satellite data[J].Satellite Application,2015(3):31-33,36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]王利民,刘佳,杨福刚,等.基于GF-1卫星遥感的冬小麦面积早期识别[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):194-201.Wang Limin,Liu Jia,Yang Fugang,et al.Early recognition of winter wheat area based on GF-1 satellite[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(11):194-201.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]段亚明,周洪,刘秀华,等.中国耕地撂荒的研究进展与展望[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(13):13-17.
[20]吴全,裴志远,张松岭,等.中小比例尺土地利用变化遥感调查技术与方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[21]游炯,裴志远,王飞,等.基于改进多元纹理信息模型和GF-1影像的县域冬小麦面积提取[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(13):131-139.You Jiong,Pei Zhiyuan,Wang Fei,et al.Area extraction of winter wheat at county scale based on modified multivariate texture and GF-1 satellite images[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(13):131-139.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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