低渗透储层孔隙结构影响因素及其定量评价——以准噶尔盆地金龙2地区二叠系上乌尔禾组二段为例
|
摘要
利用薄片、扫描电镜、物性及压汞等资料,对金龙2地区三叠系上乌尔禾组二段(P_3w_2)低渗(含砾)砂岩储层孔隙结构及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:①乌二段属于低孔低渗储层,根据压汞曲线参数特征,将其孔隙结构划分为三类。②成岩作用控制了储层孔隙结构,定量计算结果表明,乌二段视压实率平均为53.54%、视胶结率平均为47.53%、视溶蚀率平均为13.84%、视微孔隙率平均为60.67%,表现为中等压实、中—强胶结、弱溶蚀、微孔发育等特征;压实作用、胶结作用、微孔隙发育主要控制储层孔隙结构的形成。③引入成岩综合指数来定量表征各种成岩作用的综合强度,其与储层孔隙结构参数(排驱压力、分选系数)以及储层品质因子(RQI)具有较好的统计相关关系,Ⅰ类储层成岩综合指数大于8%,Ⅱ类储层成岩综合指数为2%～8%,Ⅲ类储层成岩综合指数小于2%。因此,可以利用成岩综合指数定量评价储层孔隙结构。
The pore microstructure characteristics and their influencing factors of the 2nd member of Permian Upper Urho Formation(P_3w_2) in Jinlong 2 area were analyzed by using thin sections,SEM,porosity,permeability,and mercury injection curve data.The results show that:1)P_3w_2 is characterized by low porosity and low permeability.Based on mercury injection curves,the pore microstructure can be divided into three categories.2)Diagenesis controls P_3w_2 pore microstructure.Quantitative assessments show that the average apparent compaction rate,average apparent cementation rate,average apparent dissolution rate,and average apparent micropore rate are 53.54%,47.53%,13.84%,and 60.67% respectively.P_3w_2 is characterized by moderate compaction,moderate to strong cementation,weak dissolution and well developed micropores.Thus compaction,cementation,micropores are the main factors controlling the P_3w_2 pore microstructure.3)The comprehensive diagenetic coefficient was chosen to quantitatively assess the multiple diagenetic strength,and revealed good statistical correlation with displacement pressure,sorting coefficient,and RQI.The comprehensive diagenetic coefficient value of the reservoir typesⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ are more than 8%,2%-8%,less than 2%,respectively.It can be concluded that the comprehensive diagenetic coefficient can be taken as the quantitative characterization parameter for evaluating reservoir pore microstructure.
The pore microstructure characteristics and their influencing factors of the 2nd member of Permian Upper Urho Formation(P_3w_2) in Jinlong 2 area were analyzed by using thin sections,SEM,porosity,permeability,and mercury injection curve data.The results show that:1)P_3w_2 is characterized by low porosity and low permeability.Based on mercury injection curves,the pore microstructure can be divided into three categories.2)Diagenesis controls P_3w_2 pore microstructure.Quantitative assessments show that the average apparent compaction rate,average apparent cementation rate,average apparent dissolution rate,and average apparent micropore rate are 53.54%,47.53%,13.84%,and 60.67% respectively.P_3w_2 is characterized by moderate compaction,moderate to strong cementation,weak dissolution and well developed micropores.Thus compaction,cementation,micropores are the main factors controlling the P_3w_2 pore microstructure.3)The comprehensive diagenetic coefficient was chosen to quantitatively assess the multiple diagenetic strength,and revealed good statistical correlation with displacement pressure,sorting coefficient,and RQI.The comprehensive diagenetic coefficient value of the reservoir typesⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ are more than 8%,2%-8%,less than 2%,respectively.It can be concluded that the comprehensive diagenetic coefficient can be taken as the quantitative characterization parameter for evaluating reservoir pore microstructure.
引文
[1]赖锦,王贵文,孟辰卿,等.致密砂岩气储层孔隙结构特征及其成因机理分析[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(1):217-227.Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Meng Chenqing,et al.Pore Structure Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms Analysis of Tight Gas Sandstones[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(1):217-227.
[2]陈欢庆,曹晨,梁淑贤,等.储层孔隙结构研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(2):227-234.Chen Huanqing,Cao Chen,Liang Shuxian,et al.Research Advances on Reservoir Pores[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(2):227-234.
[3]林敉若,操应长,葸克来,等.阜康凹陷东部斜坡带二叠系储层特征及控制因素[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2018,48(4):991-1007.Lin Miruo,Cao Yingchang,Xi Kelai,et al.Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Permian Reservoirs in Eastern Slope of Fukang Sag[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2018,48(4):991-1007.
[4]孙海涛,钟大康,李勇,等.超深低孔特低渗砂岩储层的孔隙成因及控制因素:以库车坳陷克深地区巴什基奇克组为例[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2018,48(3):693-704.Sun Haitao,Zhong Dakang,Li Yong,et al.Porosity Origin and Controlling Factors of Ultra-Deep,Low Porosity and Ultra-Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs:A Case Study of Bashijiqike Formation in Keshen Area of Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2018,48(3):693-704.
[5]Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Chai Yu,et al.Deep Burial Diagenesis and Reservoir Quality Evolution of HighTemperature,High-Pressure Sandstones:Examples from Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Keshen Area,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin of China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2017,101(6):829-862.
[6]史基安,何周,丁超,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克百地区二叠系沉积特征及沉积模式[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):962-967.Shi Ji’an,He Zhou,Ding Chao,et al.Sedimentary Characteristics and Model of Permian System in Ke-Bai Area in the Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):962-967.
[7]李兵,党玉芳,贾春明,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐-五八区二叠系碎屑岩沉积相特征[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):432-439.Li Bing,Dang Yufang,Jia Chunming,et al.Sedimentary Facies of Permian Clastic Rocks in Zhongguai-Wuba Area in Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(3):432-439.
[8]牛海青,陈世悦,张鹏,等.准噶尔盆地乌夏地区二叠系碎屑岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(2):749-757.Niu Haiqing,Chen Shiyue,Zhang Peng,et al.Diagenesis and Porosity Evolution of Permian Reservoir in Wu-Xia Area,Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2010,41(2):749-757.
[9]贾凡建,姚卫江,梁则,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克百断裂下盘二叠系储层成岩作用特征及其孔隙演化[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(3):458-463.Jia Fanjian,Yao Weijiang,Liang Ze,et al.Diagenic Feature and Evolution of Reservoir Pore of Permian Reservoir Under the Kebai Fault in the Northwestern Margin,Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geology,2010,21(3):458-463.
[10]何登发,尹成,杜社宽,等.前陆冲断带构造分段特征:以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):91-101.He Dengfa,Yin Cheng,Du Shekuan,et al.Characteristics of Structural Segmentation of Foreland Thrust Belts:A Case Study of the Fault Belts in the Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004,11(3):91-101.
[11]高旺来.安塞低渗油田孔隙结构对渗流特征曲线的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):79-80.Gao Wanglai.The Effect of Pore Structure on the Characteristics of Percolation Flow Curves of Ansai Low-Permeability Reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(1):79-80.
[12]连承波,钟建华,杨玉芳,等.松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段低孔低渗储层物性及微观孔隙结构特征[J].地质科学,2010,45(4):1170-1179.Lian Chengbo,Zhong Jianhua,Yang Yufang,et al.Characteristics of Poroperm and Microscopic Pore Structure of the Low Porosity and Low Permeability Reservoir of Quan 4Formation Sandstone in Longxi Area,Songliao Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2010,45(4):1170-1179.
[13]王瑞飞,吕新华,国殿斌.深层高压低渗砂岩油藏储层微观孔喉特征:以东濮凹陷文东油田沙三中段油藏为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(1):64-69.Wang Ruifei,LüXinhua,Guo Dianbin.Characteristics of Micro Pore Throat in High Pressure and Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoir of Deep Section:Taking the Middle of the Third Member of Shahejie Formation in Wendong Oilfield,Dongpu Sag as an Example[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(1):64-69.
[14]宋鹍,金振奎,王晓卫,等.沉积相对储集层质量的控制作用:以黄骅坳陷王官屯油田枣II、III油层组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(3):335-339.Song Kun,Jin Zhenkui,Wang Xiaowei,et al.Control of Sedimentary Facies on Reservoir Quality:An Example from Zao II,III Oil Sets in Wangguantun Oilfield,Huanghua Depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(3):335-339.
[15]赖锦,王贵文,陈敏,等.基于岩石物理相的储集层孔隙结构分类评价:以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8油层组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):566-573.Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Chen Min,et al.Pore Structures Evaluation of Low Permeability Clastic Reservoirs Based on Petrophysical Facies:A Case Study on Chang 8 Reservoir in the Jiyuan Region,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(5):566-573.
[16]Dutton S P,Loucks R D.Diagenesis Controls on Evolution of Porosity and Permeability in Lower Tertiary Wilcox Sandstones from Shallow to Ultradeep(200~6 700 m)Burial,Gulf of Mexico Basin,USA[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2010,27:69-81.
[17]Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Ran Ye,et al.Impact of Diagenesis on the Reservoir Quality of Tight Oil Sandstones:A Case of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation Chang 7Oil Layers in Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2016,145:54-65.
[18]赖锦,王贵文,柴毓,等.致密砂岩储层孔隙结构成因机理分析及定量评价:以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8油层组为例[J].地质学报,2014,88(11):2119-2129.Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Chai Yu,et al.Mechanism Analysis and Quantitative Assessment of Pore Structure for Tight Sandstone Reservoirs:An Example from Chang 8Oil Layer in the Jiyuan Area of Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(11):2119-2129.
[19]Higgs K E,Zwingmann H,Reyes A G,et al.Diagenesis Porosity Evolution,and Petroleum Emplacement in Tight Gas Reservoirs,Taranaki Basin New Zealand[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77:1003-1025.
[20]刘伟,窦齐丰,黄述旺,等.成岩作用的定量表征与成岩储集相研究:以科尔沁油田交2断块区九佛堂组下段为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(5):399-403.Liu Wei,Dou Qifeng,Huang Shuwang,et al.Quantitative Characterization of Diagenesis and Diagenesis Reservoir Facies:The Case Study of Lower Member of J3jf of Jiao 2 Block in Kerqin Oilfield[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(5):399-403.
[21]朱世发,朱筱敏,吴冬,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘下二叠统油气储层中火山物质蚀变及控制因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):78-85.Zhu Shifa,Zhu Xiaomin,Wu Dong,et al.Alteration of Volcanics and Its Controlling Factors in the Lower Permian Reservoirs at Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(1):78-85.
[22]朱世发,朱筱敏,王旭龙,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系沸石矿物成岩作用及对油气的意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(11):1602-1612.Zhu Shifa,Zhu Xiaomin,Wang Xulong,et al.Zeolite Diagenesis and Its Control on Petroleum Reservoir Quality of Permian in Northwesten Margin of Junggar Basin,China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2011,41(11):1602-1612.
[23]李汶国,张晓鹏,钟玉梅.长石砂岩次生溶孔的形成机理[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(2):220-229.Li Wenguo,Zhang Xiaopeng,Zhong Yumei.Formation Mechanism of Secondary Dissolved Pores in Arcose[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(2):220-229.
[24]宋子文,王静,路向伟,等.特低渗透油气藏成岩储集相的定量评价方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(2):23-31.Song Ziwen,Wang Jing,Lu Xiangwei,et al.An Quantitative Assessment Method of the Diagenetic Reservoir Facies in Extra-Low Permeability Oil-Gas Reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(2):23-31.
(1)毫达西(mD)为非法定计量单位,1mD=0.987×10~(-3)μm~2,下同。
[2]陈欢庆,曹晨,梁淑贤,等.储层孔隙结构研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(2):227-234.Chen Huanqing,Cao Chen,Liang Shuxian,et al.Research Advances on Reservoir Pores[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(2):227-234.
[3]林敉若,操应长,葸克来,等.阜康凹陷东部斜坡带二叠系储层特征及控制因素[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2018,48(4):991-1007.Lin Miruo,Cao Yingchang,Xi Kelai,et al.Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Permian Reservoirs in Eastern Slope of Fukang Sag[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2018,48(4):991-1007.
[4]孙海涛,钟大康,李勇,等.超深低孔特低渗砂岩储层的孔隙成因及控制因素:以库车坳陷克深地区巴什基奇克组为例[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2018,48(3):693-704.Sun Haitao,Zhong Dakang,Li Yong,et al.Porosity Origin and Controlling Factors of Ultra-Deep,Low Porosity and Ultra-Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs:A Case Study of Bashijiqike Formation in Keshen Area of Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2018,48(3):693-704.
[5]Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Chai Yu,et al.Deep Burial Diagenesis and Reservoir Quality Evolution of HighTemperature,High-Pressure Sandstones:Examples from Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Keshen Area,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin of China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2017,101(6):829-862.
[6]史基安,何周,丁超,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克百地区二叠系沉积特征及沉积模式[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):962-967.Shi Ji’an,He Zhou,Ding Chao,et al.Sedimentary Characteristics and Model of Permian System in Ke-Bai Area in the Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):962-967.
[7]李兵,党玉芳,贾春明,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐-五八区二叠系碎屑岩沉积相特征[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):432-439.Li Bing,Dang Yufang,Jia Chunming,et al.Sedimentary Facies of Permian Clastic Rocks in Zhongguai-Wuba Area in Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(3):432-439.
[8]牛海青,陈世悦,张鹏,等.准噶尔盆地乌夏地区二叠系碎屑岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(2):749-757.Niu Haiqing,Chen Shiyue,Zhang Peng,et al.Diagenesis and Porosity Evolution of Permian Reservoir in Wu-Xia Area,Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2010,41(2):749-757.
[9]贾凡建,姚卫江,梁则,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克百断裂下盘二叠系储层成岩作用特征及其孔隙演化[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(3):458-463.Jia Fanjian,Yao Weijiang,Liang Ze,et al.Diagenic Feature and Evolution of Reservoir Pore of Permian Reservoir Under the Kebai Fault in the Northwestern Margin,Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geology,2010,21(3):458-463.
[10]何登发,尹成,杜社宽,等.前陆冲断带构造分段特征:以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):91-101.He Dengfa,Yin Cheng,Du Shekuan,et al.Characteristics of Structural Segmentation of Foreland Thrust Belts:A Case Study of the Fault Belts in the Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004,11(3):91-101.
[11]高旺来.安塞低渗油田孔隙结构对渗流特征曲线的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):79-80.Gao Wanglai.The Effect of Pore Structure on the Characteristics of Percolation Flow Curves of Ansai Low-Permeability Reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(1):79-80.
[12]连承波,钟建华,杨玉芳,等.松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段低孔低渗储层物性及微观孔隙结构特征[J].地质科学,2010,45(4):1170-1179.Lian Chengbo,Zhong Jianhua,Yang Yufang,et al.Characteristics of Poroperm and Microscopic Pore Structure of the Low Porosity and Low Permeability Reservoir of Quan 4Formation Sandstone in Longxi Area,Songliao Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2010,45(4):1170-1179.
[13]王瑞飞,吕新华,国殿斌.深层高压低渗砂岩油藏储层微观孔喉特征:以东濮凹陷文东油田沙三中段油藏为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(1):64-69.Wang Ruifei,LüXinhua,Guo Dianbin.Characteristics of Micro Pore Throat in High Pressure and Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoir of Deep Section:Taking the Middle of the Third Member of Shahejie Formation in Wendong Oilfield,Dongpu Sag as an Example[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(1):64-69.
[14]宋鹍,金振奎,王晓卫,等.沉积相对储集层质量的控制作用:以黄骅坳陷王官屯油田枣II、III油层组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(3):335-339.Song Kun,Jin Zhenkui,Wang Xiaowei,et al.Control of Sedimentary Facies on Reservoir Quality:An Example from Zao II,III Oil Sets in Wangguantun Oilfield,Huanghua Depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(3):335-339.
[15]赖锦,王贵文,陈敏,等.基于岩石物理相的储集层孔隙结构分类评价:以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8油层组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):566-573.Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Chen Min,et al.Pore Structures Evaluation of Low Permeability Clastic Reservoirs Based on Petrophysical Facies:A Case Study on Chang 8 Reservoir in the Jiyuan Region,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(5):566-573.
[16]Dutton S P,Loucks R D.Diagenesis Controls on Evolution of Porosity and Permeability in Lower Tertiary Wilcox Sandstones from Shallow to Ultradeep(200~6 700 m)Burial,Gulf of Mexico Basin,USA[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2010,27:69-81.
[17]Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Ran Ye,et al.Impact of Diagenesis on the Reservoir Quality of Tight Oil Sandstones:A Case of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation Chang 7Oil Layers in Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2016,145:54-65.
[18]赖锦,王贵文,柴毓,等.致密砂岩储层孔隙结构成因机理分析及定量评价:以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8油层组为例[J].地质学报,2014,88(11):2119-2129.Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Chai Yu,et al.Mechanism Analysis and Quantitative Assessment of Pore Structure for Tight Sandstone Reservoirs:An Example from Chang 8Oil Layer in the Jiyuan Area of Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(11):2119-2129.
[19]Higgs K E,Zwingmann H,Reyes A G,et al.Diagenesis Porosity Evolution,and Petroleum Emplacement in Tight Gas Reservoirs,Taranaki Basin New Zealand[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77:1003-1025.
[20]刘伟,窦齐丰,黄述旺,等.成岩作用的定量表征与成岩储集相研究:以科尔沁油田交2断块区九佛堂组下段为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(5):399-403.Liu Wei,Dou Qifeng,Huang Shuwang,et al.Quantitative Characterization of Diagenesis and Diagenesis Reservoir Facies:The Case Study of Lower Member of J3jf of Jiao 2 Block in Kerqin Oilfield[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(5):399-403.
[21]朱世发,朱筱敏,吴冬,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘下二叠统油气储层中火山物质蚀变及控制因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):78-85.Zhu Shifa,Zhu Xiaomin,Wu Dong,et al.Alteration of Volcanics and Its Controlling Factors in the Lower Permian Reservoirs at Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(1):78-85.
[22]朱世发,朱筱敏,王旭龙,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系沸石矿物成岩作用及对油气的意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(11):1602-1612.Zhu Shifa,Zhu Xiaomin,Wang Xulong,et al.Zeolite Diagenesis and Its Control on Petroleum Reservoir Quality of Permian in Northwesten Margin of Junggar Basin,China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2011,41(11):1602-1612.
[23]李汶国,张晓鹏,钟玉梅.长石砂岩次生溶孔的形成机理[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(2):220-229.Li Wenguo,Zhang Xiaopeng,Zhong Yumei.Formation Mechanism of Secondary Dissolved Pores in Arcose[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(2):220-229.
[24]宋子文,王静,路向伟,等.特低渗透油气藏成岩储集相的定量评价方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(2):23-31.Song Ziwen,Wang Jing,Lu Xiangwei,et al.An Quantitative Assessment Method of the Diagenetic Reservoir Facies in Extra-Low Permeability Oil-Gas Reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(2):23-31.
(1)毫达西(mD)为非法定计量单位,1mD=0.987×10~(-3)μm~2,下同。
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |