新时期乡村振兴战略与农村宅基地制度改革
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摘要
乡村振兴战略是新时代破解"三农"问题、实现乡村现代化的重大举措,其基本路径方向是坚持乡村分化差异性原则下实现城乡融合发展,基本驱动力是城乡一体化的制度体系创建和农村土地制度改革。理论上,乡村振兴是城乡人口自由流动与择业、乡村资源与空间高效利用、村镇居业空间格局优化、社会企业资本持续投入的动态过程;宅基地制度改革能够有效促进人口、土地、产业、资金等城乡要素的快速流动与整合重组,可成为乡村振兴的有力抓手。宅基地制度改革应实现四大目标,即保障农民居住权、管控宅基地规模、赋予农民财产权益、放活宅基地使用权,当前的试点探索仍显不足。因此,乡村振兴导向下的宅基地制度改革需要在使用权自由流转、宅基地用途转换、资格权空间置换、资格认定与有偿使用有效衔接等方面实现更大突破,有力助推城乡融合发展。
The rural revitalization strategy has been an important decision deployment to solve the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the new era. This paper puts forward the following points.(1) The basic path direction of rural revitalization strategy is to realize integrated development of urban and rural areas under rural differentiation principle; the main driving force is building urban-rural integration institutional system and reforming rural land system.(2) Rural revitalization is a dynamic process with flowing and choosing profession freely for urban-rural residents, utilizing efficiently rural resources and space, optimizing the pattern of town's residential and industrial spaces, and investing continuously social and enterprise capital. While rural homestead system reform can promote the essential factors such as labor, land, industries and capital to flow and integrate quickly. So it can be the main grip for rural revitalization strategy.(3) Rural homestead system reform must achieve four goals, which are guaranteeing the residence right of peasants, controlling scale of rural homestead, endowing the property rights for peasants, and enlivening the usage rights of homestead. However, the pilot reform still has some argument points on the general approach that restrict the reform process.(4) Under the guidance of rural revitalization, rural homestead system reform should make greater breakthroughs on free flow of usage rights, use conversion of rural homestead,space replacement of homestead qualification right, and effective cohesion for qualification identifying and compensated use.
The rural revitalization strategy has been an important decision deployment to solve the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the new era. This paper puts forward the following points.(1) The basic path direction of rural revitalization strategy is to realize integrated development of urban and rural areas under rural differentiation principle; the main driving force is building urban-rural integration institutional system and reforming rural land system.(2) Rural revitalization is a dynamic process with flowing and choosing profession freely for urban-rural residents, utilizing efficiently rural resources and space, optimizing the pattern of town's residential and industrial spaces, and investing continuously social and enterprise capital. While rural homestead system reform can promote the essential factors such as labor, land, industries and capital to flow and integrate quickly. So it can be the main grip for rural revitalization strategy.(3) Rural homestead system reform must achieve four goals, which are guaranteeing the residence right of peasants, controlling scale of rural homestead, endowing the property rights for peasants, and enlivening the usage rights of homestead. However, the pilot reform still has some argument points on the general approach that restrict the reform process.(4) Under the guidance of rural revitalization, rural homestead system reform should make greater breakthroughs on free flow of usage rights, use conversion of rural homestead,space replacement of homestead qualification right, and effective cohesion for qualification identifying and compensated use.
引文
[1]杨忍,徐茜,李璐婷.珠三角地区城乡空间转型过程及影响因素.地理研究,2016,35(12):2261-2272.[Yang Ren,Xu Qian,Li Luting.Spatial urban-rural transformation and its driving factors in the Pearl River Delta region.Geographical Research,2016,35(12):2261-2272.]
[2]赵海林.统筹城乡发展必须转变城市偏向发展战略.中国乡村发现,2010(2):24-27.[Zhao Hailin.Balance urban and rural development must change the development strategy of urban-oriented.Rural Discovery in China,2010(2):24-27.]
[3]唐建新,黄霞,郑春美.农村基础设施供给体制:现状、形成原因与重构.武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2009,22(5):49-55.[Tang Jianxin,Huang Xia,Zheng Chunmei.The supply system of rural infrastructure in China:Current situation,formative mechanism and reconstruction.Wuhan University of Technology(Social Science Edition),2009,22(5):49-55.]
[4]蔡昉.刘易斯转折点后的农业发展政策选择.中国农村经济,2008,(8):4-15.[Cai Fang.The choice of agriculture development policy after the Lewis turning point.Chinese Rural Economy,2008,(8):4-15.]
[5]钞小静,沈坤荣.城乡收入差距、劳动力质量与中国经济增长.经济研究,2014,(6):30-43.[Chao Xiaojing,Shen Kunrong.Urban-rural income disparity,labor quality and economic growth in China.Economy Research,2014,(6):30-43.]
[6]刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略.中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):269-278.[Liu Yansui,Zhou Yang,Liu Jilai.Regional differentiation characteristics of rural poverty and targeted-poverty alleviation strategy in China.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016,31(3):269-278.]
[7]Liu Yansui,Li Yuheng.Revitalize the world’s countryside.Nature,2017,548(7667):275-277.
[8]Lewis A.Economic development with unlimited supply of labor.Manchester School,1954,22(2):139-191.
[9]Krugman P.Increasing returns and economic geography.The Journal of Political Economy,1991,99(3):483-499.
[10]叶敬忠.乡村振兴战略:历史沿循、总体布局与路径省思.华南师范大学学报,2018(2):64-69.[Ye Jingzhong.Rural revitalization strategy:Historical evolution,overall layout and path reflection.Journal of South China Normal University,2018(2):64-69.]
[11]张军.乡村价值定位与乡村振兴.中国农村经济,2018(1):2-10.[Zhang Jun.Village value orientation and rural revitalization.Chinese Rural Economy,2018(1):2-10.]
[12]刘守英.土地制度变革与经济结构转型:对中国40年发展经验的一个经济解释.中国土地科学,2018,32(1):1-10.[Liu Shouying,Land institutional reform and structural transformation in China:An economic interpretation for China’s40 years development experience.China Land Science,2018,32(1):1-10.]
[13]李裕瑞,王婧,刘彦随.中国“四化”协调发展的区域格局及其影响因素.地理学报,2014,69(2):199-212.[Li Yurui,Wang Jing,Liu Yansui.Spatial pattern and influencing factors of the coordination development of industrialization,informatization,urbanization and agricultural modernization in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(2):199-212.]
[14]黄祖辉.准确把握中国乡村振兴战略.中国农村经济,2018,(4):2-12.[Huang Zuhui.On the strategy of rural revitalization in China.Chinese Rural Economy,2018,(4):2-12.]
[15]张义博.我国农村宅基地制度变迁研究.宏观经济研究,2017,(4):35-42.[Zhang Yibo.Study on the institutional change of rural homestead in China.Macroeconomics,2017,(4):35-42.]
[16]朱新华,陈利根,付坚强.农村宅基地制度变迁的规律及启示.中国土地科学,2012,26(7):39-43.[Zhu Xinhua,Chen Ligen,Fu Jianqiang.Tendency and implication of rural residential land system change.China Land Science,2012,26(7):39-43.]
[17]刘涛,史秋洁,王雨,等.中国城乡建设占用耕地的时空格局及形成机制.地理研究,2018,37(8):1609-1623.[Liu Tao,Shi Qiujie,Wang Yu,et al.Urban-rural development and occupation of cultivated land in China:Trends,geography,and drivers.Geographical Research,2018,37(8):1609-1623.]
[18]张克俊,付宗平.基于功能变迁的宅基地制度改革探索.社会科学研究,2017(6):47-53.[Zhang Kejun,Fu Zongping.Exploration on the rural homestead system reform based on function change perspective.Social Science Research,2017(6):47-53.]
[19]党国英.论农村宅基地制度改革的正当性基础与深化策略.中国社会经济发展战略,2016(5):46-52.[Dang Guoying.Studying on the legitimacy basis and deepening strategy of rural homestead system reform.The strategy of China's social and economic development,2016(5):46-52.]
[20]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴.地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.[Liu Yansui.Research on the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization in the new era in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(4):637-650.]
[21]何仁伟.城乡融合与乡村振兴:理论探讨、机理阐释与实现路径.地理研究,2018,37(11):2127-2140.[He Renwei.Urban-rural integration and rural revitalization:Theory,mechanism and implementation.Geographical Research,2018,37(11):2127-2140.]
[22]Wu Yuzhe,Mo Zhibin,Peng Yi,et al.Market-driven land nationalization in China:A new system for the capitalization of rural homesteads.Land Use Policy,2018,70:559-569.
[23]朱道林,李瑶瑶.农村土地制度改革的经济学考察.中国土地科学,2018,32(3):1-5.[Zhu Daolin,Li Yaoyao.Economic investigation on rural land institutional reform.China Land Science,2018,32(3):1-5.]
[24]郭晓鸣,中国农村土地制度改革:需求、困境与发展态势.中国农村经济,2011(4):4-8.[Guo Xiaoming.China's rural land system reform:demand,dilemma and development trend.Chinese Rural Economy,2011(4):4-8.]
[25]陈锡文.关于农村土地制度改革的两点思考.经济研究,2014(1):4-6.[Chen Xiwen.Two thoughts on the reform of rural land system.Economic Research,2014(1):4-6.]
[26]刘守英,熊雪峰.经济结构变革、村庄转型与宅基地制度变迁.中国农村经济,2018,(6):2-20.[Liu Shouying,Xiong Xuefeng.Changes in economic structure,village transformation and changes in homestead system.Chinese Rural Economy,2018,(6):2-20.]
[27]刘圣欢,杨砚池.农村宅基地“三权分置”的权利结构与实施路径.华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018,57(5):45-54.[Liu Shenghuan,Yang Yanchi.The rights structure and implementary path of rural homesteads’three rights division.Journal of Central China Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences),2018,57(5):45-54.]
[28]叶红玲.“宅改”造就新农村:大理、义乌宅基地制度改革试点探析.中国土地,2018,(5):4-12.[Ye Hongling.The reform of rural homestead brings up new villages.China Land,2018,(5):4-12.]
[29]钟荣桂,吕萍.江西余江宅基地制度改革试点经验与启示.经济体制改革,2018(2):13-18.[Zhong Guirong,Lv Ping.The experiences and implications of land reform pilot for rural residence in Yujiang county of Jiangxi province.Reform of Economic System,2018(2):13-18.]
[30]陈卫华,吕萍,钟荣桂.基于宅基地制度改革推进中国农村住宅制度建设.中国土地科学,2017,31(12):70-75.[Chen Weihua,Lv Ping,Zhong Ronggui.Promoting rural housing system construction based on the rural residential land system reform in China.China Land Science,2017,31(12):70-75.]
[2]赵海林.统筹城乡发展必须转变城市偏向发展战略.中国乡村发现,2010(2):24-27.[Zhao Hailin.Balance urban and rural development must change the development strategy of urban-oriented.Rural Discovery in China,2010(2):24-27.]
[3]唐建新,黄霞,郑春美.农村基础设施供给体制:现状、形成原因与重构.武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2009,22(5):49-55.[Tang Jianxin,Huang Xia,Zheng Chunmei.The supply system of rural infrastructure in China:Current situation,formative mechanism and reconstruction.Wuhan University of Technology(Social Science Edition),2009,22(5):49-55.]
[4]蔡昉.刘易斯转折点后的农业发展政策选择.中国农村经济,2008,(8):4-15.[Cai Fang.The choice of agriculture development policy after the Lewis turning point.Chinese Rural Economy,2008,(8):4-15.]
[5]钞小静,沈坤荣.城乡收入差距、劳动力质量与中国经济增长.经济研究,2014,(6):30-43.[Chao Xiaojing,Shen Kunrong.Urban-rural income disparity,labor quality and economic growth in China.Economy Research,2014,(6):30-43.]
[6]刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略.中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):269-278.[Liu Yansui,Zhou Yang,Liu Jilai.Regional differentiation characteristics of rural poverty and targeted-poverty alleviation strategy in China.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016,31(3):269-278.]
[7]Liu Yansui,Li Yuheng.Revitalize the world’s countryside.Nature,2017,548(7667):275-277.
[8]Lewis A.Economic development with unlimited supply of labor.Manchester School,1954,22(2):139-191.
[9]Krugman P.Increasing returns and economic geography.The Journal of Political Economy,1991,99(3):483-499.
[10]叶敬忠.乡村振兴战略:历史沿循、总体布局与路径省思.华南师范大学学报,2018(2):64-69.[Ye Jingzhong.Rural revitalization strategy:Historical evolution,overall layout and path reflection.Journal of South China Normal University,2018(2):64-69.]
[11]张军.乡村价值定位与乡村振兴.中国农村经济,2018(1):2-10.[Zhang Jun.Village value orientation and rural revitalization.Chinese Rural Economy,2018(1):2-10.]
[12]刘守英.土地制度变革与经济结构转型:对中国40年发展经验的一个经济解释.中国土地科学,2018,32(1):1-10.[Liu Shouying,Land institutional reform and structural transformation in China:An economic interpretation for China’s40 years development experience.China Land Science,2018,32(1):1-10.]
[13]李裕瑞,王婧,刘彦随.中国“四化”协调发展的区域格局及其影响因素.地理学报,2014,69(2):199-212.[Li Yurui,Wang Jing,Liu Yansui.Spatial pattern and influencing factors of the coordination development of industrialization,informatization,urbanization and agricultural modernization in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(2):199-212.]
[14]黄祖辉.准确把握中国乡村振兴战略.中国农村经济,2018,(4):2-12.[Huang Zuhui.On the strategy of rural revitalization in China.Chinese Rural Economy,2018,(4):2-12.]
[15]张义博.我国农村宅基地制度变迁研究.宏观经济研究,2017,(4):35-42.[Zhang Yibo.Study on the institutional change of rural homestead in China.Macroeconomics,2017,(4):35-42.]
[16]朱新华,陈利根,付坚强.农村宅基地制度变迁的规律及启示.中国土地科学,2012,26(7):39-43.[Zhu Xinhua,Chen Ligen,Fu Jianqiang.Tendency and implication of rural residential land system change.China Land Science,2012,26(7):39-43.]
[17]刘涛,史秋洁,王雨,等.中国城乡建设占用耕地的时空格局及形成机制.地理研究,2018,37(8):1609-1623.[Liu Tao,Shi Qiujie,Wang Yu,et al.Urban-rural development and occupation of cultivated land in China:Trends,geography,and drivers.Geographical Research,2018,37(8):1609-1623.]
[18]张克俊,付宗平.基于功能变迁的宅基地制度改革探索.社会科学研究,2017(6):47-53.[Zhang Kejun,Fu Zongping.Exploration on the rural homestead system reform based on function change perspective.Social Science Research,2017(6):47-53.]
[19]党国英.论农村宅基地制度改革的正当性基础与深化策略.中国社会经济发展战略,2016(5):46-52.[Dang Guoying.Studying on the legitimacy basis and deepening strategy of rural homestead system reform.The strategy of China's social and economic development,2016(5):46-52.]
[20]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴.地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.[Liu Yansui.Research on the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization in the new era in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(4):637-650.]
[21]何仁伟.城乡融合与乡村振兴:理论探讨、机理阐释与实现路径.地理研究,2018,37(11):2127-2140.[He Renwei.Urban-rural integration and rural revitalization:Theory,mechanism and implementation.Geographical Research,2018,37(11):2127-2140.]
[22]Wu Yuzhe,Mo Zhibin,Peng Yi,et al.Market-driven land nationalization in China:A new system for the capitalization of rural homesteads.Land Use Policy,2018,70:559-569.
[23]朱道林,李瑶瑶.农村土地制度改革的经济学考察.中国土地科学,2018,32(3):1-5.[Zhu Daolin,Li Yaoyao.Economic investigation on rural land institutional reform.China Land Science,2018,32(3):1-5.]
[24]郭晓鸣,中国农村土地制度改革:需求、困境与发展态势.中国农村经济,2011(4):4-8.[Guo Xiaoming.China's rural land system reform:demand,dilemma and development trend.Chinese Rural Economy,2011(4):4-8.]
[25]陈锡文.关于农村土地制度改革的两点思考.经济研究,2014(1):4-6.[Chen Xiwen.Two thoughts on the reform of rural land system.Economic Research,2014(1):4-6.]
[26]刘守英,熊雪峰.经济结构变革、村庄转型与宅基地制度变迁.中国农村经济,2018,(6):2-20.[Liu Shouying,Xiong Xuefeng.Changes in economic structure,village transformation and changes in homestead system.Chinese Rural Economy,2018,(6):2-20.]
[27]刘圣欢,杨砚池.农村宅基地“三权分置”的权利结构与实施路径.华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018,57(5):45-54.[Liu Shenghuan,Yang Yanchi.The rights structure and implementary path of rural homesteads’three rights division.Journal of Central China Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences),2018,57(5):45-54.]
[28]叶红玲.“宅改”造就新农村:大理、义乌宅基地制度改革试点探析.中国土地,2018,(5):4-12.[Ye Hongling.The reform of rural homestead brings up new villages.China Land,2018,(5):4-12.]
[29]钟荣桂,吕萍.江西余江宅基地制度改革试点经验与启示.经济体制改革,2018(2):13-18.[Zhong Guirong,Lv Ping.The experiences and implications of land reform pilot for rural residence in Yujiang county of Jiangxi province.Reform of Economic System,2018(2):13-18.]
[30]陈卫华,吕萍,钟荣桂.基于宅基地制度改革推进中国农村住宅制度建设.中国土地科学,2017,31(12):70-75.[Chen Weihua,Lv Ping,Zhong Ronggui.Promoting rural housing system construction based on the rural residential land system reform in China.China Land Science,2017,31(12):70-75.]