交互记忆系统与产品创新性:创业拼凑的中介作用
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摘要
受制于资源约束,多数创业企业举步维艰。既有关于交互记忆系统与产品创新性的相关研究忽视了对资源约束前提的思考。为弥补这一研究空白,基于创业拼凑理论,探索创业拼凑在交互记忆系统与产品创新性之间的中介作用,合并考察产品开发联盟在上述中介关系中的调节作用。使用来自289家高新技术行业的创业企业经验数据,结果发现:(1)交互记忆系统对创业拼凑有正向影响;(2)创业拼凑中介了交互记忆系统与产品创新性之间的关系;(3)产品开发联盟弱化了上述中介效应。最后,讨论了研究的理论和实践意义。
Most entrepreneurship is characterized by severe resource constraints. Existing studies on the relationship between transactive memory systems(TMSs) and product innovativeness are based on the assumption that firms have sufficient resources. To address this research gap, deploying entrepreneurial bricolage theory, this research examines the mediating role of entrepreneurial bricolage between entrepreneurial teams' TMS and product innovativeness, and the moderating effect of product development alliance on the mediation relationship. Using survey data from 289 high-tech entrepreneurial firms, this research finds that: TMS has a positive effect on entrepreneurial bricolage; entrepreneurial bricolage mediates the relationship between TMS and product innovativeness;and product development alliance weakens the mediation effect. The theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.
Most entrepreneurship is characterized by severe resource constraints. Existing studies on the relationship between transactive memory systems(TMSs) and product innovativeness are based on the assumption that firms have sufficient resources. To address this research gap, deploying entrepreneurial bricolage theory, this research examines the mediating role of entrepreneurial bricolage between entrepreneurial teams' TMS and product innovativeness, and the moderating effect of product development alliance on the mediation relationship. Using survey data from 289 high-tech entrepreneurial firms, this research finds that: TMS has a positive effect on entrepreneurial bricolage; entrepreneurial bricolage mediates the relationship between TMS and product innovativeness;and product development alliance weakens the mediation effect. The theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.
引文
陈劲,王安全,朱夏晖.2002.软件业的服务创新[J].南开管理评论,5(1):48-54.
刘人怀,王娅男.2017.创业拼凑对创业学习的影响研究:基于创业导向的调节作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,38(10):135-146.
彭新敏,吴晓波,吴东.2011.基于二次创新动态过程的企业网络与组织学习平衡模式演化:海天1971-2010年纵向案例研究[J].管理世界,(4):138-149.
杨俊,田莉,张玉利等.2010.创新还是模仿:创业团队经验异质性与冲突特征的角色[J].管理世界,(3):84-96.
于晓宇,李雅洁,陶向明.2017.创业拼凑研究综述与未来展望[J].管理学报,14(2):306-316.
祝振铎,李非.2014.创业拼凑对新企业绩效的动态影响:基于中国转型经济的证据[J].科学学与科学技术管理,35(10):124-132.
Akgün A E,Byrne J C,Keskin H,et al.2006.Transactive memory system in new product development teams[J].IEEETransactions on Engineering Management,53(1):95-111.
Akgün A E,Byrne J,Keskin H,et al.2005.Knowledge networks in new product development projects:A transactive memory perspective[J].Information and Management,42(8):1105-1120.
Argote L,Guo J M.2016.Routines and transactive memory systems:Creating,coordinating,retaining,and transferring knowledge in organizations[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,(36):65-84.
Baker T,Nelson R E.2005.Creating something from nothing:Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,50(3):329-366.
Banerjee P M,Campbell B A.2009.Inventor bricolage and firm technology research and development[J].R&D Management,39(5):473-487.
Brockman B K,Morgan R M.2003.The role of existing knowledge in new product innovativeness and performance[J].Decision Sciences,34(2):385-419.
Chen M H,Chang Y Y,Chang Y C.2017.The trinity of entrepreneurial team dynamics:Cognition,conflicts and cohesion[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research,23(6):934-951.
Cunha M P,Cunha J V,Clegg S.2009.Improvisational Bricolage:A Practice-based Approach to Strategy and Foresight,Handbook of Research on Strategy and Foresight[M].London:Edward Elgar.
Dai Y,Du K,Byun G,et al.2017.Ambidexterity in new ventures:The impact of new product development alliances and transactive memory systems[J].Journal of Business Research,(75):77-85.
Duymedjian R,Rüling C C.2010.Towards a foundation of bricolage in organization and management theory[J].Organization Studies,31(2):133-151.
Edwards J R,Lambert L S.2007.Methods for integrating moderation and mediation:A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis[J].Psychological Methods,12(1):1-22.
Eisenhardt K M,Graebner M E.2007.Theory building from cases:Opportunities and challenges[J].Academy of Management Journal,50(1):25-32.
Eisenhardt K M,Martin J A.2000.Dynamic capabilities:What are they?[J].Strategic Management Journal,21(10/11):1105-1121.
Eisenhardt K M.2013.Top management teams and the performance of entrepreneurial firms[J].Small Business Economics,40(4):805-816.
Garud R,Karne P.2003.Bricolage versus breakthrough:Distributed and embedded agency in technology entrepreneurship[J].Research Policy,32(2):277-300.
Grant R M,Baden-Fuller C.2004.A knowledge accessing theory of strategic alliances[J].Journal of Management Studies,41(1):61-84.
Heavey C,Simsek Z.2015.Transactive memory systems and firm performance:An upper echelons perspective[J].Organization Science,26(4):1-19.
Hendry C,Harborne P.2011.Changing the view of wind power development:More than'bricolage'[J].Research Policy,40(5):778-789.
Isenberg D J.2010.The big idea:How to start an entrepreneurial revolution[J].Harvard Business Review,88(6):40-50.
Lewis K,Lange D,Gillis L.2005.Transactive memory systems,learning,and learning transfer[J].Organization Science,16(6):581-598.
Lewis K.2003.Measuring transactive memory systems in the field:Scale development and validation[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,88(4):587-604.
Li H,Atuahene-Gima K.2002.The adoption of agency business activity,product innovation,and performance in Chinese technology ventures[J].Strategic Management Journal,23(6):469-490.
Lu Y,Zhou L,Bruton G,et al.2010.Capabilities as a mediator linking resources and the international performance of entrepreneurial firms in an emerging economy[J].Journal of International Business Studies,41(3):419-436.
Mcevily B,Perrone V,Zaheer A.2003.Trust as an organizing principle[J].Organization Science,14(1):91-103.
Moorman C.1995.Organizational market information processes:Cultural antecedents and new product outcomes[J].Journal of Marketing Research,32(3):318-335.
Mossholder K W,Bennett N,Kemery E R,et al.1998.Relationships between bases of power and work reactions:The mediational role of procedural justice[J].Journal of Management,24(4):533-552.
Nason R S,Wiklund J.2015.An assessment of resource-based theorizing on firm growth and suggestions for the future[J].Journal of Management,44(1):32-60.
Podsakoff P M,MacKenzie S B,Lee J Y,et al.2003.Common method biases in behavioral research:A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,88(5):879-903.
Rae D.2005.Entrepreneurial learning:A narrative-based conceptual model[J].Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,12(3):323-335.
Rindfleisch A,Moorman C.2001.The acquisition and utilization of information in new product alliances:A strength-of-ties perspective[J].Journal of Marketing,65(2):1-18.
Rothaermel F T,Deeds D L.2004.Alliance type,alliance experience and alliance management capability in high-technology ventures[J].Journal of Business Venturing,21(4):429-460.
Salunke S,Weerawardena J,Mccoll-Kennedy J R.2013.Competing through service innovation:The role of bricolage and entrepreneurship in project-oriented firms[J].Journal of Business Research,66(8):1085-1097.
Sarkar M B,Echambadi R,Harrison J S.2001.Alliance entrepreneurship and firm market performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,22(6/7):701-711.
Schildt H A,Maula M V J,Keil T.2005.Explorative and exploitative learning from external corporate ventures[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,29(4):493-515.
Schmickl C,Kieser A.2008.How much do specialists have to learn from each other when they jointly develop radical product innovations?[J].Research Policy,37(3):473-491.
Schwenk C R.1988.The cognitive perspective on strategic decision-making[J].Journal of Management Studies,25(1):41-55.
Senyard J M,Baker T,Davidsson P.2009.Entrepreneurial bricolage:Towards systematic empirical testing[J].Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research,29(5):5-15.
Senyard J,Baker T,Steffens P,et al.2014.Bricolage as a path to innovativeness for resource-constrained new firms[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(2):211-230.
Shepherd A,Patzelt H,Wolfe M.2011.Moving forward from project failure:Negative emotions,affective commitment,and learning from the experience[J].Academy of Management Journal,54(6):1229-1259.
Sierra C M.1995.Managing Global Alliance:Key Steps for Successful Collaboration[M].New York:Wesley Publishing Company.
Song X M,Montoya-Weiss M M.1998.Critical development activities for really new versus incremental products[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,15(2):124-135.
Steffens P,Terjesen S,Davidsson P.2012.Birds of a feather get lost together:New venture team composition and performance[J].Small Business Economics,39(3):727-743.
Wegner D M.1987.TransactiveMemory:A Contemporary Analysis of the Group Mind[M].New York:Springer Publishing.
West G P.2007.Collective cognition:When entrepreneurial teams,not individuals,make decisions[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,31(1):77-102.
Wu L,Liu H,Zhang J.2016.Bricolage effects on new-product development speed and creativity:The moderating role of technological turbulence[J].Journal of Business Research,70(C):127-135.
Yin R K.2009.Case Study Research:Design and Methods[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage Publications.
Zahra S A,Gedajlovic E,Neubaum D O,et al.2009.A typology of social entrepreneurs:Motives,search processes and ethical challenges[J].Journal of Business Venturing,24(5):519-532.
Zheng Y.2012.Unlocking founding team prior shared experience:A transactive memory system perspective[J].Journal of Business Venturing,27(5):577-591.
Zhou K Z,Zhang Q,Sheng S,et al.2014.Are relational ties always good for knowledge acquisition?Buyer-supplier exchanges in China[J].Journal of Operations Management,32(3):88-98.
刘人怀,王娅男.2017.创业拼凑对创业学习的影响研究:基于创业导向的调节作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,38(10):135-146.
彭新敏,吴晓波,吴东.2011.基于二次创新动态过程的企业网络与组织学习平衡模式演化:海天1971-2010年纵向案例研究[J].管理世界,(4):138-149.
杨俊,田莉,张玉利等.2010.创新还是模仿:创业团队经验异质性与冲突特征的角色[J].管理世界,(3):84-96.
于晓宇,李雅洁,陶向明.2017.创业拼凑研究综述与未来展望[J].管理学报,14(2):306-316.
祝振铎,李非.2014.创业拼凑对新企业绩效的动态影响:基于中国转型经济的证据[J].科学学与科学技术管理,35(10):124-132.
Akgün A E,Byrne J C,Keskin H,et al.2006.Transactive memory system in new product development teams[J].IEEETransactions on Engineering Management,53(1):95-111.
Akgün A E,Byrne J,Keskin H,et al.2005.Knowledge networks in new product development projects:A transactive memory perspective[J].Information and Management,42(8):1105-1120.
Argote L,Guo J M.2016.Routines and transactive memory systems:Creating,coordinating,retaining,and transferring knowledge in organizations[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,(36):65-84.
Baker T,Nelson R E.2005.Creating something from nothing:Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,50(3):329-366.
Banerjee P M,Campbell B A.2009.Inventor bricolage and firm technology research and development[J].R&D Management,39(5):473-487.
Brockman B K,Morgan R M.2003.The role of existing knowledge in new product innovativeness and performance[J].Decision Sciences,34(2):385-419.
Chen M H,Chang Y Y,Chang Y C.2017.The trinity of entrepreneurial team dynamics:Cognition,conflicts and cohesion[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research,23(6):934-951.
Cunha M P,Cunha J V,Clegg S.2009.Improvisational Bricolage:A Practice-based Approach to Strategy and Foresight,Handbook of Research on Strategy and Foresight[M].London:Edward Elgar.
Dai Y,Du K,Byun G,et al.2017.Ambidexterity in new ventures:The impact of new product development alliances and transactive memory systems[J].Journal of Business Research,(75):77-85.
Duymedjian R,Rüling C C.2010.Towards a foundation of bricolage in organization and management theory[J].Organization Studies,31(2):133-151.
Edwards J R,Lambert L S.2007.Methods for integrating moderation and mediation:A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis[J].Psychological Methods,12(1):1-22.
Eisenhardt K M,Graebner M E.2007.Theory building from cases:Opportunities and challenges[J].Academy of Management Journal,50(1):25-32.
Eisenhardt K M,Martin J A.2000.Dynamic capabilities:What are they?[J].Strategic Management Journal,21(10/11):1105-1121.
Eisenhardt K M.2013.Top management teams and the performance of entrepreneurial firms[J].Small Business Economics,40(4):805-816.
Garud R,Karne P.2003.Bricolage versus breakthrough:Distributed and embedded agency in technology entrepreneurship[J].Research Policy,32(2):277-300.
Grant R M,Baden-Fuller C.2004.A knowledge accessing theory of strategic alliances[J].Journal of Management Studies,41(1):61-84.
Heavey C,Simsek Z.2015.Transactive memory systems and firm performance:An upper echelons perspective[J].Organization Science,26(4):1-19.
Hendry C,Harborne P.2011.Changing the view of wind power development:More than'bricolage'[J].Research Policy,40(5):778-789.
Isenberg D J.2010.The big idea:How to start an entrepreneurial revolution[J].Harvard Business Review,88(6):40-50.
Lewis K,Lange D,Gillis L.2005.Transactive memory systems,learning,and learning transfer[J].Organization Science,16(6):581-598.
Lewis K.2003.Measuring transactive memory systems in the field:Scale development and validation[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,88(4):587-604.
Li H,Atuahene-Gima K.2002.The adoption of agency business activity,product innovation,and performance in Chinese technology ventures[J].Strategic Management Journal,23(6):469-490.
Lu Y,Zhou L,Bruton G,et al.2010.Capabilities as a mediator linking resources and the international performance of entrepreneurial firms in an emerging economy[J].Journal of International Business Studies,41(3):419-436.
Mcevily B,Perrone V,Zaheer A.2003.Trust as an organizing principle[J].Organization Science,14(1):91-103.
Moorman C.1995.Organizational market information processes:Cultural antecedents and new product outcomes[J].Journal of Marketing Research,32(3):318-335.
Mossholder K W,Bennett N,Kemery E R,et al.1998.Relationships between bases of power and work reactions:The mediational role of procedural justice[J].Journal of Management,24(4):533-552.
Nason R S,Wiklund J.2015.An assessment of resource-based theorizing on firm growth and suggestions for the future[J].Journal of Management,44(1):32-60.
Podsakoff P M,MacKenzie S B,Lee J Y,et al.2003.Common method biases in behavioral research:A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,88(5):879-903.
Rae D.2005.Entrepreneurial learning:A narrative-based conceptual model[J].Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,12(3):323-335.
Rindfleisch A,Moorman C.2001.The acquisition and utilization of information in new product alliances:A strength-of-ties perspective[J].Journal of Marketing,65(2):1-18.
Rothaermel F T,Deeds D L.2004.Alliance type,alliance experience and alliance management capability in high-technology ventures[J].Journal of Business Venturing,21(4):429-460.
Salunke S,Weerawardena J,Mccoll-Kennedy J R.2013.Competing through service innovation:The role of bricolage and entrepreneurship in project-oriented firms[J].Journal of Business Research,66(8):1085-1097.
Sarkar M B,Echambadi R,Harrison J S.2001.Alliance entrepreneurship and firm market performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,22(6/7):701-711.
Schildt H A,Maula M V J,Keil T.2005.Explorative and exploitative learning from external corporate ventures[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,29(4):493-515.
Schmickl C,Kieser A.2008.How much do specialists have to learn from each other when they jointly develop radical product innovations?[J].Research Policy,37(3):473-491.
Schwenk C R.1988.The cognitive perspective on strategic decision-making[J].Journal of Management Studies,25(1):41-55.
Senyard J M,Baker T,Davidsson P.2009.Entrepreneurial bricolage:Towards systematic empirical testing[J].Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research,29(5):5-15.
Senyard J,Baker T,Steffens P,et al.2014.Bricolage as a path to innovativeness for resource-constrained new firms[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(2):211-230.
Shepherd A,Patzelt H,Wolfe M.2011.Moving forward from project failure:Negative emotions,affective commitment,and learning from the experience[J].Academy of Management Journal,54(6):1229-1259.
Sierra C M.1995.Managing Global Alliance:Key Steps for Successful Collaboration[M].New York:Wesley Publishing Company.
Song X M,Montoya-Weiss M M.1998.Critical development activities for really new versus incremental products[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,15(2):124-135.
Steffens P,Terjesen S,Davidsson P.2012.Birds of a feather get lost together:New venture team composition and performance[J].Small Business Economics,39(3):727-743.
Wegner D M.1987.TransactiveMemory:A Contemporary Analysis of the Group Mind[M].New York:Springer Publishing.
West G P.2007.Collective cognition:When entrepreneurial teams,not individuals,make decisions[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,31(1):77-102.
Wu L,Liu H,Zhang J.2016.Bricolage effects on new-product development speed and creativity:The moderating role of technological turbulence[J].Journal of Business Research,70(C):127-135.
Yin R K.2009.Case Study Research:Design and Methods[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage Publications.
Zahra S A,Gedajlovic E,Neubaum D O,et al.2009.A typology of social entrepreneurs:Motives,search processes and ethical challenges[J].Journal of Business Venturing,24(5):519-532.
Zheng Y.2012.Unlocking founding team prior shared experience:A transactive memory system perspective[J].Journal of Business Venturing,27(5):577-591.
Zhou K Z,Zhang Q,Sheng S,et al.2014.Are relational ties always good for knowledge acquisition?Buyer-supplier exchanges in China[J].Journal of Operations Management,32(3):88-98.