外部与内部激励对正时齿轮传动系统动力学的影响
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摘要
为了分析外部与内部激励对正时齿轮传动系统动力学的影响,采用AVL_EXCITE Timing Drive动力学软件建立正时齿轮传动系统的动力学模型,分析外部激励如负载扭矩、曲轴转速波动与内部激励如齿侧间隙等对动力学的影响;比较不同载荷、是否加载曲轴转速波动和不同齿侧间隙下的齿轮角速度和啮合力曲线。结果表明:角速度与啮合力曲线峰值位置与负载峰值位置相近,其峰值受负载峰值影响较大;在凸轮轴齿轮需要扭矩输出的情况下,齿轮在驱动侧产生的啮合力显著高于背隙侧产生的啮合力;曲轴转速波动的存在,使得动力学结果发生了较大的变化,为了更为准确地进行动力学分析,曲轴转速波动是必须考虑的因素;增大齿轮齿侧间隙,角速度与啮合力峰值也相应地变大,角速度波动加剧,啮合过程中的振动与冲击更加明显;齿侧间隙设计太小又会造成加工难度及成本的增加,因此需要合理地选择齿侧间隙。
In order to analyze the influence of external and internal excitation on the dynamics of the timing gear transmission system, the dynamic model of the timing gear transmission system was established by using AVL_EXCITE Timing Drive software.The effects of the external and internal excitation on the dynamics,including internal excitation of load torque,crankshaft speed fluctuation and the external excitation of tooth clearance were analyzed.The angular velocity and meshing force curves of gears were compared and studied under different loads,when considering or not considering the crankshaft speed fluctuation and under different backlashes. The results show that the peak position of angular velocity and meshing force curve is close to the peak position of load, and the peak value is greatly influenced by the peak value of load.When the camshaft gear needs torque output, the meshing force produced by the driving side of the gear is significantly higher than that produced by the backlash side. The existence of crankshaft speed fluctuation makes the dynamic results change greatly,so the crankshaft speed fluctuation is a factor that must be considered in order to carry out the dynamic analysis more accurately.With the increasing of gear clearance,the peak value of angular velocity and meshing force are increased correspondingly,the fluctuation of angular velocity is increased,and the vibration and impact in the meshing process becomes more obvious.However,too small side clearance design will increase the processing difficulty and cost,so it is necessary to select the side clearance reasonably.
In order to analyze the influence of external and internal excitation on the dynamics of the timing gear transmission system, the dynamic model of the timing gear transmission system was established by using AVL_EXCITE Timing Drive software.The effects of the external and internal excitation on the dynamics,including internal excitation of load torque,crankshaft speed fluctuation and the external excitation of tooth clearance were analyzed.The angular velocity and meshing force curves of gears were compared and studied under different loads,when considering or not considering the crankshaft speed fluctuation and under different backlashes. The results show that the peak position of angular velocity and meshing force curve is close to the peak position of load, and the peak value is greatly influenced by the peak value of load.When the camshaft gear needs torque output, the meshing force produced by the driving side of the gear is significantly higher than that produced by the backlash side. The existence of crankshaft speed fluctuation makes the dynamic results change greatly,so the crankshaft speed fluctuation is a factor that must be considered in order to carry out the dynamic analysis more accurately.With the increasing of gear clearance,the peak value of angular velocity and meshing force are increased correspondingly,the fluctuation of angular velocity is increased,and the vibration and impact in the meshing process becomes more obvious.However,too small side clearance design will increase the processing difficulty and cost,so it is necessary to select the side clearance reasonably.
引文
[1]秦凤莲.柴油机配气机构及正时驱动系动力学特性研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2010:1-7.
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[5]李一民,郝志勇,叶慧飞.柴油机正时齿轮系动力学特性分析[J].浙江大学学报,2012,46(8):1472-1477.LI Y M,HAO Z Y,YE H F.Dynamic characteristic analysis of diesel timing gear trains[J].Journal of Zhejiang University,2012,46(8):1472-1477.
[6]高洋洋,何锋,张永德,等.汽车四驱分动器换挡机构齿轮传动系统动力学建模与仿真[J].机械传动,2018,42(4):107-111.GAO Y Y,HE F,ZHANG Y D,et al.Dynamics modeling and simulation of gear transmission system of shift mechanism for4WD transfer case[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2018,42(4):107-111.
[7]宁少慧,韩振南,李月仙,等.齿轮传动系统齿根裂纹故障的动力学仿真[J].机械传动,2015,39(10):64-67.NING S H,HAN Z N,LI Y X,et al.Dynamics simulation of the tooth root crack fault of gear transmission system[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2015,39(10):64-67.
[8]洪清泉,程颖.基于ADAMS的多级齿轮传动系统动力学仿真[J].北京理工大学学报,2003,23(6):690-693.HONG Q Q,CHENG Y.Dynamic simulation of multistage gear train system in ADAMS[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2003,23(6):690-693.
[9]苏帅团,熊诗波,熊晓燕,等.风力发电机齿轮传动系统的动态特性分析[J].机械设计与制造,2014(8):102-104.SU S T,XIONG S B,XIONG X Y,et al.Research on dynamic characteristic of wind turbine gear transmission system[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2014(8):102-104.
[10]李一民.曲轴及正时系动力学特性对发动机性能影响研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010:91-92.
[11]熊杨寿.考虑粗糙齿面影响的大重合度直齿轮非线性动力学特性研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2017:47-50.
[12]孙智民,季林红,沈允文,等.齿侧间隙对星型齿轮传动扭振特性的影响研究[J].机械设计,2003,20(2):3-7.SUN Z M,JI L H,SHEN Y W,et al.Influence of backlashes on tosional vibration of star gear train[J].Journal of Maching Design,2003,20(2):3-7.
[13]薛爽.某增压中冷柴油机时齿轮驱动系动力学特性影响因素研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2014:52-54.
[2]邓小龙,刘国庆.基于TYCON的变速箱动力学仿真[J].机械传动,2007,31(4):93-96.DENG X L,LIU G Q.Dynamic simulation of gearbox based on TYCON[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2007,31(4):93-96.
[3]郭磊,郝志勇,蔡军,等.汽车变速箱齿轮传动系动力学振动特性的研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(1):103-107.GUO L,HAO Z Y,CAI J,et al.Vibration characteristics of transmission gear-train for a car[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(1):103-107.
[4]薛爽,毕玉华,贾德文,等.曲轴转速波动对某柴油机正时齿轮系动力学特性的影响[J].现代电子技术,2014,37(10):35-38.XUE S,BI Y H,JIA D W,et al.Effects of crankshaft speed fluctuation on timing gear system dynamics of diesel engine[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2014,37(10):35-38.
[5]李一民,郝志勇,叶慧飞.柴油机正时齿轮系动力学特性分析[J].浙江大学学报,2012,46(8):1472-1477.LI Y M,HAO Z Y,YE H F.Dynamic characteristic analysis of diesel timing gear trains[J].Journal of Zhejiang University,2012,46(8):1472-1477.
[6]高洋洋,何锋,张永德,等.汽车四驱分动器换挡机构齿轮传动系统动力学建模与仿真[J].机械传动,2018,42(4):107-111.GAO Y Y,HE F,ZHANG Y D,et al.Dynamics modeling and simulation of gear transmission system of shift mechanism for4WD transfer case[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2018,42(4):107-111.
[7]宁少慧,韩振南,李月仙,等.齿轮传动系统齿根裂纹故障的动力学仿真[J].机械传动,2015,39(10):64-67.NING S H,HAN Z N,LI Y X,et al.Dynamics simulation of the tooth root crack fault of gear transmission system[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2015,39(10):64-67.
[8]洪清泉,程颖.基于ADAMS的多级齿轮传动系统动力学仿真[J].北京理工大学学报,2003,23(6):690-693.HONG Q Q,CHENG Y.Dynamic simulation of multistage gear train system in ADAMS[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2003,23(6):690-693.
[9]苏帅团,熊诗波,熊晓燕,等.风力发电机齿轮传动系统的动态特性分析[J].机械设计与制造,2014(8):102-104.SU S T,XIONG S B,XIONG X Y,et al.Research on dynamic characteristic of wind turbine gear transmission system[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2014(8):102-104.
[10]李一民.曲轴及正时系动力学特性对发动机性能影响研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010:91-92.
[11]熊杨寿.考虑粗糙齿面影响的大重合度直齿轮非线性动力学特性研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2017:47-50.
[12]孙智民,季林红,沈允文,等.齿侧间隙对星型齿轮传动扭振特性的影响研究[J].机械设计,2003,20(2):3-7.SUN Z M,JI L H,SHEN Y W,et al.Influence of backlashes on tosional vibration of star gear train[J].Journal of Maching Design,2003,20(2):3-7.
[13]薛爽.某增压中冷柴油机时齿轮驱动系动力学特性影响因素研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2014:52-54.
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