青藏高原东北部官亭盆地新石器-青铜时代聚落时空演变及其影响因素
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摘要
青藏高原东北部的官亭盆地史前群发性自然灾害对齐家文化时期大型聚落喇家遗址毁灭的影响是近20年备受关注的科学问题之一.研究焦点多集中在自然灾害对单一遗址的影响,该盆地内新石器-青铜时代聚落演变及其影响因素的研究则相对薄弱,该时段人地关系演化的过程与机制尚不清晰.本文依据官亭盆地内新石器-青铜时代遗址点的位置、海拔和面积,探讨盆地内该时段聚落的时空演变特征,发现仰韶文化晚期(5500~5000cal a BP),盆地内黄河三级阶地上出现4处遗址,聚落分布范围较小;马家窑文化至齐家文化时期(5300~3600cal a BP),遗址数量、聚落规模和分布范围明显增加,聚落分布整体向靠近黄河的海拔较低的区域移动;辛店文化时期(3400~2700cal a BP),遗址数量和聚落规模呈现下降趋势,聚落范围收缩,聚落分布发生空间分异,一部分向高海拔移动,另一部分则处于低海拔位置.结合研究区周边的全新世气候记录、考古及古洪水资料,显示官亭盆地新石器-青铜时代遗址数量、规模和分布范围与甘青地区史前文化的演变和分布范围密切相关,而大区域文化格局的演变又受到气候变化和农业发展的影响.新石器-青铜时代官亭盆地聚落海拔高程的空间分布则主要受到生业模式变化的影响,尚无证据显示其与古洪水事件有紧密关联.
引文
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