基于地统计学南海北部近海竹荚鱼空间分布特征
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摘要
竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)是我国南海北部近海主要渔获物之一。根据2014—2017年对南海北部开展的8个航次近海渔业资源和环境调查数据,采用地统计学方法分析竹荚鱼时空分布特征和相关生态动力过程。结果表明,竹荚鱼总体布局以低密度为主,高密度海域较少,季节性集聚特征明显,依次为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。竹荚鱼空间分布具有极强的空间异质性,空间结构性比例均在75%以上,变异模型以高斯模型为主,空间相关距离(变程)大约在0.52°左右,且季节性特征明显。对地统计参数值和单位捕捞努力量(catch per unit effort, CPUE)的相关关系研究发现,竹荚鱼资源密度越大,空间异质性特征越明显。通过统计各向分维值分析竹荚鱼各向异质性特征,发现西北—东南向的空间异质性较为显著,表明该方向的海洋动力过程将对竹荚鱼洄游分布产生重要影响。此外,基于克里格插值分析,发现竹荚鱼呈西南—东北向洄游分布规律,空间布局呈片状和斑块状,且易受极端气候(厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜等事件)影响。
Jack mackerel(Trachurus japonicus) is one of the main catches in the northern South China Sea. Based on the survey data of the North China Coastal Fishery Resources Survey(2014-2017) in the South China Sea, we used geostatistics to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of jack mackerel and related eco-dynamic processes. The results showed that the overall spatial distribution of jack mackerel was mainly associated with low resource density and less high density of resources. The characteristics of seasonal aggregation are obvious and as follows: summer> spring> autumn> winter. We found that the spatial distribution had a strong heterogeneity, and the proportion of spatial structure was above 75%. The spatial variability was dominated by Gaussian distribution, and the spatial correlation distance(variation range) was about 0.52° with obvious seasonal characteristics. Through the research on the correlation between geostatistical parameter values and catch per unit effort(CPUE), we found that the greater the resource density of jack mackerel, the more obvious the spatial heterogeneity was. Through the heterogeneity analysis in all directions, we found that the spatial heterogeneity in the northwest-southeast direction was significant, indicating that the marine dynamic process in this direction had a significant impact on the migration and distribution of jack mackerel. In addition, based on the Kriging interpolation analysis of the spatial distribution of jack mackerel, we found that jack mackerel had a pattern of migratory distribution from southwest to northeast, which had obvious characteristics of patchy distribution. Jack mackerel was also susceptible to extreme climate(El Nino, La Nina, and other extreme events).
Jack mackerel(Trachurus japonicus) is one of the main catches in the northern South China Sea. Based on the survey data of the North China Coastal Fishery Resources Survey(2014-2017) in the South China Sea, we used geostatistics to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of jack mackerel and related eco-dynamic processes. The results showed that the overall spatial distribution of jack mackerel was mainly associated with low resource density and less high density of resources. The characteristics of seasonal aggregation are obvious and as follows: summer> spring> autumn> winter. We found that the spatial distribution had a strong heterogeneity, and the proportion of spatial structure was above 75%. The spatial variability was dominated by Gaussian distribution, and the spatial correlation distance(variation range) was about 0.52° with obvious seasonal characteristics. Through the research on the correlation between geostatistical parameter values and catch per unit effort(CPUE), we found that the greater the resource density of jack mackerel, the more obvious the spatial heterogeneity was. Through the heterogeneity analysis in all directions, we found that the spatial heterogeneity in the northwest-southeast direction was significant, indicating that the marine dynamic process in this direction had a significant impact on the migration and distribution of jack mackerel. In addition, based on the Kriging interpolation analysis of the spatial distribution of jack mackerel, we found that jack mackerel had a pattern of migratory distribution from southwest to northeast, which had obvious characteristics of patchy distribution. Jack mackerel was also susceptible to extreme climate(El Nino, La Nina, and other extreme events).
引文
陈新军,2014.渔业资源与渔场学[M].2版.北京:海洋出版社:1-460.
陈作志,蔡文贵,徐姗楠,等,2011.广西北部湾近岸生态系统风险评价[J].应用生态学报,22(11):2977-2986.CHENZUOZHI,CAI WENGUI,XU SHANNAN,et al,2011.Risk assessment of coastal ecosystem in Beibu Gulf,Guangxi of South China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,22(11):2977-2986(in Chinese with English abstract).
范江涛,张俊,冯雪,等,2017.基于地统计学的南沙海域鸢乌贼渔场分析[J].生态学杂志,36(2):442-446.FANJIANGTAO,ZHANG JUN,FENG XUE,et al,2017.Analysis of Sthenoteuthis oualaniens fishing grounds in Nansha sea area based on geostatistics[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,36(2):442-446(in Chinese with English abstract).
李孙超,2016.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼栖息地模型研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学:1-67.LI SUNCHAO,2016.The habitate sutibility index of Chilean jack mackerel in the South-East Pacific[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University:1-67(in Chinese with English abstract).
李晓晖,袁峰,白晓宇,等,2010.典型矿区非正态分布土壤元素数据的正态变换方法对比研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,26(6):102-105.LI XIAOHUI,YUAN FENG,BAI XIAOYU,et al,2010.Comparison of normalization methods for non-normal distributed soil elements data in typical mining area[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,26(6):102-105(in Chinese with English abstract).
梁严威,2015.基于地统计和ESDA的东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼时空动态的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学:1-49.LIANGYANWEI,2015.Temporal dynamics of Trachurus murphyi in the southeast pacific based on geostatistical methods and ESDA[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University:1-49(in Chinese with English abstract).
罗明,裴韬,2009.空间软数据及其插值方法研究进展[J].地理科学进展,28(5):663-667.LUO MING,PEI TAO,2009.Review on soft spatial data and its spatial interpolation methods[J].Progress in Geography,28(5):663-667(in Chinese with English abstract).
苏奋振,周成虎,仉天宇,等,2003.东海水域中上层鱼类资源的空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,14(11):1971-1975.SUFENZHEN,ZHOU CHENGHU,ZHANG TIANYU,et al,2003.Spatial heterogeneity of pelagic fishery resources in the East China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,14(11):1971-1975(in Chinese with English abstract).
苏奋振,周成虎,史文中,等,2004.东海区底层及近底层鱼类资源的空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,15(4):683-686.SUFENZHEN,ZHOU CHENGHU,SHI WENZHONG,et al,2004.Spatial heterogeneity of demersal fish in East China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,15(4):683-686(in Chinese with English abstract).
王广德,过常龄,1987.“Krige”空间内插技术在地理学中的应用[J].地理学报,42(4):366-375.WANG GUANGTE,GUOCHANGLING,1987.Application of the Kriging technique in geography[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,42(4):366-375(in Chinese with English abstract).
王蓉,肖瑜璋,俞胜宾,等,2011.南海北部近岸海域风场特征分析与预报研究[J].海洋预报,28(2):1-8.WANG RONG,XIAO YUZHANG,YU SHENGBIN,et al,2011.Analysis and forecasting of wind field character on the north of South China Sea borders near-ocean area[J].Marine Forecasts,28(2):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
王政权,1999.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社:1-197.
邬建国,2000.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社:1-266.
晏然,陈新军,陈作志,2018.拉尼娜期间中西太平洋鲣栖息地分布特征[J].海洋学报,40(4):76-85.YAN RAN,CHENXINJUN,CHEN ZUOZHI,2018.Distribution characteristics of skipjack habitat in the western and central Pacific during the La Ni?a periods[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,40(4):76-85(in Chinese with English abstract).
杨吝,张旭丰,谭永光,等,2009a.南海北部灯光围网渔获组成分析[J].南方水产科学,5(6):65-70.YANG LIN,ZHANGXUFENG,TAN YONGGUANG,et al,2009a.Analysis on the catch composition of light-purse seine in the northern South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,5(6):65-70(in Chinese with English abstract).
杨吝,张旭丰,谭永光,等,2009b.南海北部灯光罩网渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响[J].南方水产科学,5(4):41-46.YANG LIN,ZHANG XUFENG,TAN YONGGUANG,et al,2009b.The catch composition of light falling-net fishing and its impact on fishery resources in the northern South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,5(4):41-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
杨晓明,戴小杰,朱国平,2012.基于地统计分析西印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼围网渔获量的空间异质性[J].生态学报,32(15):4682-4690.YANG XIAOMING,DAI XIAOJIE,ZHUGUOPING,2012.Geostatistical analysis of spatial heterogeneity of yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)purse seine catch in the western Indian Ocean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(15):4682-4690(in Chinese with English abstract).
杨晓明,戴小杰,田思泉,等,2014.中西太平洋鲣鱼围网渔业资源的热点分析和空间异质性[J].生态学报,34(13):3771-3778.YANG XIAOMING,DAI XIAOJIE,TIANSIQUAN,et al,2014.Hot spot analysis and spatial heterogeneity of skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis)purse seine resources in the western and central Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(13):3771-3778(in Chinese with English abstract).
于君,邱永松,2016.黑潮入侵对南海东北部初级生产力的影响[J].南方水产科学,12(4):17-27.YU JUN,QIU YONGSONG,2016.Influence of Kuroshio intrusion on primary productivity in the northeastern South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,12(4):17-27(in Chinese with English abstract).
张寒野,胡芬,2005a.冬季东海太平洋褶柔鱼的空间异质性特征[J].生态学杂志,24(11):1299-1302.ZHANG HANYE,HU FEN,2005a.Spatial heterogeneity of Todarodes pacificus in East China Sea in winter[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,24(11):1299-1302(in Chinese with English abstract).
张寒野,程家骅,2005b.东海区小黄鱼空间格局的地统计学分析[J].中国水产科学,12(4):419-423.ZHANG HANYE,CHENG JIAYE,2005b.Geostatistical analysis on spatial patterns of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis)in the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,12(4):419-423(in Chinese with English abstract).
张敏,邹晓荣,2011.大洋性竹筴鱼渔业[M].北京:中国农业出版社:1-310.
张仁铎,2005.空间变异理论及应用[M].北京:科学出版社:1-188.
章淑珍,1984.粤东外海饵料生物的基本特点与竹筴鱼索饵洄游的关系[J].水产学报,8(4):305-314.ZHANG SHUZHEN,1984.The features of food organisms with relation to the feeding migration of jack mackerel offshore east Guangdong Province[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,8(4):305-314(in Chinese with English abstract).
赵兴武,崔利锋,李书民,等,2016.中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社:45-48.
朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰,1962.南海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社:213-423.
CADET D L,1985.The southern oscillation over the Indian Ocean[J].Journal of Climatology,5(2):189-212.
CARR J R,BENZER W B,1991.On the practice of estimating fractal dimension[J].Mathematical Geology,23(7):945-958.
GONG G C,LIU K K,LIU C T,et al,1992.The chemical hydrography of the South China Sea west of Luzon and a comparison with the west Philippine Sea[J].Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,3(4):587-602.
LEE M Y,WEI K Y,CHEN Y G,1999.High resolution oxygen isotope straigraphy for the last 150,000 years in the southern South China Sea:core MD972151[J].Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,10(1):239-254.
NISHIDA T,CHEN DINGGENG,2004.Incorporating spatial autocorrelation into the general linear model with an application to the yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)longline CPUE data[J].Fisheries Research,70(2-3):265-274.
ODUM E P,1971.Fundamentals of ecology[M].3rd ed.Philadelphia:Saunders:1-314.
PETITGAS P,2001.Geostatistics in fisheries survey design and stock assessment:models,variances and applications[J].Fish and Fisheries,2(3):231-249.
RIVOIRARD J,SIMMONDS J,FOOTE K G,et al,2000.Geostatistics for estimating fish abundance[M].New York:Blackwell Science:1-216.
陈作志,蔡文贵,徐姗楠,等,2011.广西北部湾近岸生态系统风险评价[J].应用生态学报,22(11):2977-2986.CHENZUOZHI,CAI WENGUI,XU SHANNAN,et al,2011.Risk assessment of coastal ecosystem in Beibu Gulf,Guangxi of South China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,22(11):2977-2986(in Chinese with English abstract).
范江涛,张俊,冯雪,等,2017.基于地统计学的南沙海域鸢乌贼渔场分析[J].生态学杂志,36(2):442-446.FANJIANGTAO,ZHANG JUN,FENG XUE,et al,2017.Analysis of Sthenoteuthis oualaniens fishing grounds in Nansha sea area based on geostatistics[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,36(2):442-446(in Chinese with English abstract).
李孙超,2016.东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼栖息地模型研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学:1-67.LI SUNCHAO,2016.The habitate sutibility index of Chilean jack mackerel in the South-East Pacific[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University:1-67(in Chinese with English abstract).
李晓晖,袁峰,白晓宇,等,2010.典型矿区非正态分布土壤元素数据的正态变换方法对比研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,26(6):102-105.LI XIAOHUI,YUAN FENG,BAI XIAOYU,et al,2010.Comparison of normalization methods for non-normal distributed soil elements data in typical mining area[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,26(6):102-105(in Chinese with English abstract).
梁严威,2015.基于地统计和ESDA的东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼时空动态的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学:1-49.LIANGYANWEI,2015.Temporal dynamics of Trachurus murphyi in the southeast pacific based on geostatistical methods and ESDA[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University:1-49(in Chinese with English abstract).
罗明,裴韬,2009.空间软数据及其插值方法研究进展[J].地理科学进展,28(5):663-667.LUO MING,PEI TAO,2009.Review on soft spatial data and its spatial interpolation methods[J].Progress in Geography,28(5):663-667(in Chinese with English abstract).
苏奋振,周成虎,仉天宇,等,2003.东海水域中上层鱼类资源的空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,14(11):1971-1975.SUFENZHEN,ZHOU CHENGHU,ZHANG TIANYU,et al,2003.Spatial heterogeneity of pelagic fishery resources in the East China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,14(11):1971-1975(in Chinese with English abstract).
苏奋振,周成虎,史文中,等,2004.东海区底层及近底层鱼类资源的空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,15(4):683-686.SUFENZHEN,ZHOU CHENGHU,SHI WENZHONG,et al,2004.Spatial heterogeneity of demersal fish in East China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,15(4):683-686(in Chinese with English abstract).
王广德,过常龄,1987.“Krige”空间内插技术在地理学中的应用[J].地理学报,42(4):366-375.WANG GUANGTE,GUOCHANGLING,1987.Application of the Kriging technique in geography[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,42(4):366-375(in Chinese with English abstract).
王蓉,肖瑜璋,俞胜宾,等,2011.南海北部近岸海域风场特征分析与预报研究[J].海洋预报,28(2):1-8.WANG RONG,XIAO YUZHANG,YU SHENGBIN,et al,2011.Analysis and forecasting of wind field character on the north of South China Sea borders near-ocean area[J].Marine Forecasts,28(2):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
王政权,1999.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社:1-197.
邬建国,2000.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社:1-266.
晏然,陈新军,陈作志,2018.拉尼娜期间中西太平洋鲣栖息地分布特征[J].海洋学报,40(4):76-85.YAN RAN,CHENXINJUN,CHEN ZUOZHI,2018.Distribution characteristics of skipjack habitat in the western and central Pacific during the La Ni?a periods[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,40(4):76-85(in Chinese with English abstract).
杨吝,张旭丰,谭永光,等,2009a.南海北部灯光围网渔获组成分析[J].南方水产科学,5(6):65-70.YANG LIN,ZHANGXUFENG,TAN YONGGUANG,et al,2009a.Analysis on the catch composition of light-purse seine in the northern South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,5(6):65-70(in Chinese with English abstract).
杨吝,张旭丰,谭永光,等,2009b.南海北部灯光罩网渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响[J].南方水产科学,5(4):41-46.YANG LIN,ZHANG XUFENG,TAN YONGGUANG,et al,2009b.The catch composition of light falling-net fishing and its impact on fishery resources in the northern South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,5(4):41-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
杨晓明,戴小杰,朱国平,2012.基于地统计分析西印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼围网渔获量的空间异质性[J].生态学报,32(15):4682-4690.YANG XIAOMING,DAI XIAOJIE,ZHUGUOPING,2012.Geostatistical analysis of spatial heterogeneity of yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)purse seine catch in the western Indian Ocean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(15):4682-4690(in Chinese with English abstract).
杨晓明,戴小杰,田思泉,等,2014.中西太平洋鲣鱼围网渔业资源的热点分析和空间异质性[J].生态学报,34(13):3771-3778.YANG XIAOMING,DAI XIAOJIE,TIANSIQUAN,et al,2014.Hot spot analysis and spatial heterogeneity of skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis)purse seine resources in the western and central Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(13):3771-3778(in Chinese with English abstract).
于君,邱永松,2016.黑潮入侵对南海东北部初级生产力的影响[J].南方水产科学,12(4):17-27.YU JUN,QIU YONGSONG,2016.Influence of Kuroshio intrusion on primary productivity in the northeastern South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,12(4):17-27(in Chinese with English abstract).
张寒野,胡芬,2005a.冬季东海太平洋褶柔鱼的空间异质性特征[J].生态学杂志,24(11):1299-1302.ZHANG HANYE,HU FEN,2005a.Spatial heterogeneity of Todarodes pacificus in East China Sea in winter[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,24(11):1299-1302(in Chinese with English abstract).
张寒野,程家骅,2005b.东海区小黄鱼空间格局的地统计学分析[J].中国水产科学,12(4):419-423.ZHANG HANYE,CHENG JIAYE,2005b.Geostatistical analysis on spatial patterns of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis)in the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,12(4):419-423(in Chinese with English abstract).
张敏,邹晓荣,2011.大洋性竹筴鱼渔业[M].北京:中国农业出版社:1-310.
张仁铎,2005.空间变异理论及应用[M].北京:科学出版社:1-188.
章淑珍,1984.粤东外海饵料生物的基本特点与竹筴鱼索饵洄游的关系[J].水产学报,8(4):305-314.ZHANG SHUZHEN,1984.The features of food organisms with relation to the feeding migration of jack mackerel offshore east Guangdong Province[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,8(4):305-314(in Chinese with English abstract).
赵兴武,崔利锋,李书民,等,2016.中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社:45-48.
朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰,1962.南海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社:213-423.
CADET D L,1985.The southern oscillation over the Indian Ocean[J].Journal of Climatology,5(2):189-212.
CARR J R,BENZER W B,1991.On the practice of estimating fractal dimension[J].Mathematical Geology,23(7):945-958.
GONG G C,LIU K K,LIU C T,et al,1992.The chemical hydrography of the South China Sea west of Luzon and a comparison with the west Philippine Sea[J].Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,3(4):587-602.
LEE M Y,WEI K Y,CHEN Y G,1999.High resolution oxygen isotope straigraphy for the last 150,000 years in the southern South China Sea:core MD972151[J].Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,10(1):239-254.
NISHIDA T,CHEN DINGGENG,2004.Incorporating spatial autocorrelation into the general linear model with an application to the yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)longline CPUE data[J].Fisheries Research,70(2-3):265-274.
ODUM E P,1971.Fundamentals of ecology[M].3rd ed.Philadelphia:Saunders:1-314.
PETITGAS P,2001.Geostatistics in fisheries survey design and stock assessment:models,variances and applications[J].Fish and Fisheries,2(3):231-249.
RIVOIRARD J,SIMMONDS J,FOOTE K G,et al,2000.Geostatistics for estimating fish abundance[M].New York:Blackwell Science:1-216.