温度对白垩系砂岩超声波P波特性的影响
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摘要
为探索白垩系砂岩在不同低温状态下的超声波纵波特性,通过电液伺服控制低温岩石测试系统对五种饱和砂岩进行降温,同时利用ULT—200型超声波速仪进行超声波测试,获取了不同低温状态下的纵波波形,研究了低温作用下不同砂岩的纵波特性。结果表明:五种饱和砂岩由0℃降至-5℃,纵波特性变化显著,波形更符合弹性介质的传播规律,岩样在20～0℃和-5～-30℃作用下纵波特性变化较小;初至波波峰、波谷、波速、波阻抗和品质因子与岩样粒径、孔隙率和密度不相关,与温度相关,五种饱和砂岩的初至波波峰、波谷、波速、波阻抗和品质因子在20℃时相差较大,随温度降低,不同饱和砂岩的初至波波峰、波谷、波速、波阻抗和品质因子增大速率相差较大;初至时间和波速、波阻抗密切相关,随温度降低,五种饱和砂岩初至时间减小的趋势相似,从0℃降至-5℃,五种饱和砂岩初至时间减小43%～56%,同种饱和砂岩的波速和波阻抗增大速率相近,岩样从0℃降至-5℃,波速增大值较大,约占由20℃降至-30℃波速增大值的65%～75%;岩样由0℃降至-10℃,品质因子增大值较大,约占由20℃降至-30℃品质因子增大值的65%～85%,由0℃降至-5℃,品质因子增大最显著,其他降温阶段缓慢增大。
In order to explore the ultrasonic longitudinal wave characteristics of cretaceous sandstones under different low temperature conditions,five kinds of saturated sandstones were cooled by low temperature rock test system controlled by electro-hydraulic servo. At the same time,ultrasonic testing was performed by ULT—200 ultrasonic speedometer to obtained different low temperature conditions. The longitudinal wave characteristics of the different sandstones under low temperature were studied. The results show that the five saturated sandstones decrease from 0℃ to-5 ℃,and the longitudinal wave characteristics change remarkably. The waveform is more in line with the propagation law of elastic media. The longitudinal wave characteristics of rock samples have little change under the action of 20 ～ 0 ℃ and-5 ～-30 ℃. The first arrival wave peak,trough,wave velocity,wave impedance and quality factor are not related to size,porosity and density of rock samples,but to temperature. The first arrival wave peaks,troughs,wave velocities,wave impedances and quality factors of the five saturated sandstones differ greatly at 20 ℃. With the decrease of temperature,the different saturated sandstones of increase rate between the first arrival wave peak,trough,wave velocity,wave impedance and quality factor are quite different. The first arrival time is closely related to the wave velocity and wave impedance. As the temperature decreases,the decreases trend of the first arrival time in the five saturated sandstones is similar. From 0 ℃ to-5 ℃,the first arrival time of the five saturated sandstones decreases by 43% ～ 56%. The wave velocity and wave impedance increase rate of the same kind of saturated sandstone are similar. The rock sample from 0 ℃ to-5 ℃,and the wave velocity increases greatly,which accounts for about 65% ～ 75% of the wave velocity increment from 20 ℃ to-30 ℃. The increase of quality factor is larger when the rock sample decreases from 0 ℃ to-10 ℃,accounting for 65% ～ 85% of the increase of the quality factor from 20 ℃ to-30 ℃. From 0 ℃ to-5 ℃,the quality factor increases most significantly,and the other cooling stages slowly increase.
In order to explore the ultrasonic longitudinal wave characteristics of cretaceous sandstones under different low temperature conditions,five kinds of saturated sandstones were cooled by low temperature rock test system controlled by electro-hydraulic servo. At the same time,ultrasonic testing was performed by ULT—200 ultrasonic speedometer to obtained different low temperature conditions. The longitudinal wave characteristics of the different sandstones under low temperature were studied. The results show that the five saturated sandstones decrease from 0℃ to-5 ℃,and the longitudinal wave characteristics change remarkably. The waveform is more in line with the propagation law of elastic media. The longitudinal wave characteristics of rock samples have little change under the action of 20 ～ 0 ℃ and-5 ～-30 ℃. The first arrival wave peak,trough,wave velocity,wave impedance and quality factor are not related to size,porosity and density of rock samples,but to temperature. The first arrival wave peaks,troughs,wave velocities,wave impedances and quality factors of the five saturated sandstones differ greatly at 20 ℃. With the decrease of temperature,the different saturated sandstones of increase rate between the first arrival wave peak,trough,wave velocity,wave impedance and quality factor are quite different. The first arrival time is closely related to the wave velocity and wave impedance. As the temperature decreases,the decreases trend of the first arrival time in the five saturated sandstones is similar. From 0 ℃ to-5 ℃,the first arrival time of the five saturated sandstones decreases by 43% ～ 56%. The wave velocity and wave impedance increase rate of the same kind of saturated sandstone are similar. The rock sample from 0 ℃ to-5 ℃,and the wave velocity increases greatly,which accounts for about 65% ～ 75% of the wave velocity increment from 20 ℃ to-30 ℃. The increase of quality factor is larger when the rock sample decreases from 0 ℃ to-10 ℃,accounting for 65% ～ 85% of the increase of the quality factor from 20 ℃ to-30 ℃. From 0 ℃ to-5 ℃,the quality factor increases most significantly,and the other cooling stages slowly increase.
引文
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13 Toksoz M N,Johnston D H,Timur A. Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks:Laboratory measurements[J]. Geophysics,1979,44(4):681-690
14 伍向阳,邹勇,陈祖安,等.砂岩和大理岩纵波速度及Q值实验研究[J].地球物理学进展,1993,8(4):186-191Wu Xiangyang,Zou Yong,Chen Zu'an,et al. Experimental study on longitudinal wave velocity and Q value of sandstone and marble[J]. Progress in Geophysics,1993,8(4):186-191
2 Wang Y,Xu X K,Yang D Y,et al. Ultrasonic elastic characteristics of five kinds of metamorphic deformed coals under room temperature and pressure conditions[J]. Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,57(9):2208-2216
3 Yang S,Zhang N,Feng X W,et al. Experimental investigation of sandstone under cyclic loading:Damage assessment using ultrasonic wave velocities and changes in elastic modulus[J]. Shock and Vibration,2018,(14):1-13
4 Gheibi A,Hedayat A. Ultrasonic investigation of granular materials subjected to compression and crushing[J]. Ultrasonics,2018,87(4):112-125
5 Guo M Q,Ba J,Ma R P,et al. P-wave velocity dispersion and attenuation in fluid-saturated tight sandstones:Characteristics analysis based on a double double-porosity structure model description[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(3):1053-1068
6 豆宁辉,赵向阳,余夫,等.碳酸盐岩纵波速度响应特征试验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(16):9-12Dou Ninghui,Zhao Xiangyang,Yu Fu,et al. Experimental study of carbonate rock wave velocity response[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(16):9-12
7 李君君,王志章,张枝焕,等.质心频率线性拟合法估算品质因子Q[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(2):254-260Li Junjun,Wang Zhizhang,Zhang Zhihuan,et al. Estimation of quality factor Q by centroid frequency linear fitting method[J]. Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2015,50(2):254-260
8 郝召兵,秦静欣,伍向阳.地震波品质因子Q研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):375-381Hao Zhaobing,Qin Jingxin,Wu Xiangyang,et al. Overview of researsh on the seismeic wave quality factor(Q)[J]. Progress in Geophys,2009,24(2):375-381
9 汪瑞良,曾驿,刘军,等.珠江口盆地东部碳酸盐岩品质因子测试与分析[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(2):81-84Wang Ruiliang,Zeng Yi,Liu Jun,et al. Testing and analyzing quality factors of carbonate rocks in the eastern Pearl River Mouth basin[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(2):81-84
10 王世广,沈阳,何晗晗,等.不同岩石物性对超声波传播的影响[J].物理实验,2014,34(8):9-13Wang Shiguang,Shen Yang,He Hanhan,et al. Influence of different petrophysical properties on ultrasonic propagation[J]. Physics Experimentation,2014,34(8):9-13
11 徐晓炼,张茹,戴峰,等.煤岩特性对超声波速影响的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):793-800Xu Xiaolian,Zhang Ru,Dai Feng,et al. Effect of coal and rock characteristics on ultrasonic velocity[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(4):793-800
12 刘希灵,崔佳慧,李夕兵,等.不同类型岩石中弹性波衰减特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(增刊1):3223-3230Liu Xiling,Cui Jiahui,Li Xibing,et al. Study on attenuation characteristics of elastic wave in different types of rocks[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(S1):3223-3230
13 Toksoz M N,Johnston D H,Timur A. Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks:Laboratory measurements[J]. Geophysics,1979,44(4):681-690
14 伍向阳,邹勇,陈祖安,等.砂岩和大理岩纵波速度及Q值实验研究[J].地球物理学进展,1993,8(4):186-191Wu Xiangyang,Zou Yong,Chen Zu'an,et al. Experimental study on longitudinal wave velocity and Q value of sandstone and marble[J]. Progress in Geophysics,1993,8(4):186-191
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