中国南方寒武系海相页岩含气性主控因素的科学问题
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摘要
中国南方寒武系海相页岩含气性在不同地区差异较大,有机质孔隙发育机制不清楚,无法直接用控制五峰组-龙马溪组页岩含气性的有机质丰度和后期构造活动对页岩气的影响来预测其含气性。笔者提出采用历史演化的观点,在动态条件下研究孔隙的形成和发育机制,恢复南方寒武系页岩的有机质转化、油气形成和有机孔隙演化的历史。通过三者的耦合关系研究,为中国独特的高热演化条件下的有机质孔隙的发育机制,在研究方法和理论上探索一条新路。
The gas content of Cambrian marine shale in southern China varies significantly from area to area,and the mechanism on the development of organic-hosted pores in the shale is still debated,thus the TOC contents,which controlled the gas-bearing characteristics,of shales of the Ordovician Wufeng and Silurian Longmaxi formations and the influence of post-tectonic movement on the preservation of natural gas could not be directly used to predict the Cambrian marine shale gas targets. In this paper,taking the view of historical evolution,the authors have carried out researches on pore formation and development under dynamic conditions in order to restore histories of the organic matter thermal transformation,oil and gas generation,and organic-hosted pore evolution for Cambrian marine shales in southern China. The integrated study on coupling relation among the organic matter transformation,oil and gas formation,and organic-hosted pore evolution provides a new way for theoretical and practical studying the mechanism of the development of organic-hosted pores within highly matured shales in China.
The gas content of Cambrian marine shale in southern China varies significantly from area to area,and the mechanism on the development of organic-hosted pores in the shale is still debated,thus the TOC contents,which controlled the gas-bearing characteristics,of shales of the Ordovician Wufeng and Silurian Longmaxi formations and the influence of post-tectonic movement on the preservation of natural gas could not be directly used to predict the Cambrian marine shale gas targets. In this paper,taking the view of historical evolution,the authors have carried out researches on pore formation and development under dynamic conditions in order to restore histories of the organic matter thermal transformation,oil and gas generation,and organic-hosted pore evolution for Cambrian marine shales in southern China. The integrated study on coupling relation among the organic matter transformation,oil and gas formation,and organic-hosted pore evolution provides a new way for theoretical and practical studying the mechanism of the development of organic-hosted pores within highly matured shales in China.
引文
Bernard S,Horsfield B,Schulz H M,Wirth R,Schreiber A,Sherwood N.2012.Geochemical evolution of organic-rich shales with increasing maturity:A STXM and TEM study of the Posidonia shale(lower Toarcian,northern Germany).Marine and Petroleum Geology,31(1):70-89
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Chalmers G R,Bustin R M,Power I M.2012.Characterization of gas shale pore systems by porosimetry,pycnometry,surface area,and field emission scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy image analyses:Examples from the Barnett,Woodford,Haynesville,Marcellus,and Doig units.AAPG Bulletin,96(6):1099-1119
Hao F,Zou H Y,Lu Y C.2013.Mechanisms of shale gas storage:Implications for shale gas exploration in China.AAPG Bulletin,97(8):1325-1346
Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble T E,Pollastro R M.2007.Unconventional shale-gas systems:The Mississippian Barnett shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment.AAPGBulletin,91(4):475-499
Ko L T,Loucks R G,Zhang T W,Ruppel S C,Shao D Y.2016.Pore and pore network evolution of Upper Cretaceous Boquillas(Eagle Ford-equivalent)mudrocks:Results from gold tube pyrolysis experiments.AAPG Bulletin,100(11):1693-1722
Ko L T,Ruppel S C,Loucks R G,Hackley P C,Zhang T W,Shao DY.2018.Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones:Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology.International Journal of Coal Geology,190:3-28
Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,Jarvie D M.2009.Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale.Journal of Sedimentary Research,79(12):848-861
Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,Hammes U.2012.Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores.AAPG Bulletin 96(6):1071-1098
Milliken K L,Rudnicki M,Awwiller N D,Zhang T W.2013.Organic matter-hosted pore system,Marcellus formation(Devonian),Pennsylvania.AAPG Bulletin,97(2):177-200
Romero-Sarmiento M F,Rouzaud J N,Bernard S,Deldicque D,Thomas M,Littke R.2014.Evolution of Barnett shale organic carbon structure and nanostructure with increasing maturation.Organic Geochemistry,71:7-16
Shao D Y,Ellis G S,Li Y F,Zhang T W.2018.Experimental investigation of the role of rock fabric in gas generation and expulsion during thermal maturation:Anhydrous closed-system pyrolysis of a bitumen-rich Eagle Ford Shale.Organic Geochemistry,119:22-35
Zhang M J,Tang Q Y,Cao C H,Lv Z G,Zhang T W,Zhang D K,Li ZP,Du L.2017.Molecular and carbon isotopic variation in 3.5 years shale gas production from Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin,China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,89:27-37
Zhang T W,Ellis G S,Ruppel S C,Ellis G S,Ruppel S C,Milliken K,Yang R S.2012.Effect of organic-matter type and thermal maturity on methane adsorption in shale-gas systems.Organic Geochemistry,47:120-131
Zhang T W,Yang R S,Milliken K L,Ruppel S C,Pottorf R J,Sun X.2014.Chemical and isotopic composition of gases released by crush methods from organic rich mudrocks.Organic Geochemistry,73:16-28
蔡周荣,夏斌,万志峰.2013.下扬子芜湖地区后期构造活动特征及其对古生界页岩气保存的影响.煤炭学报,38(5):890-895
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胡海燕.2013.富有机质Woodford页岩孔隙演化的热模拟实验.石油学报,34(5):820-825
吉利明,邱军利,夏燕青,张同伟.2012.常见黏土矿物电镜扫描微孔隙特征与甲烷吸附性.石油学报,33(2):249-256
吉利明,马向贤,夏燕青,邱军利.2014.黏土矿物甲烷吸附性能与微孔隙体积关系.天然气地球科学,25(2):141-152
梁狄刚,郭彤楼,陈建平,边立曾,赵喆.2008.中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干新进展(一):南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的分布.海相油气地质,13(2):1-16
马勇,钟宁宁,程礼军,潘哲君,李红英,谢庆明,李超.2015.渝东南两套富有机质页岩的孔隙结构特征:来自FIB-SEM的新启示石油实验地质,37(1):109-116
聂海宽,边瑞康,张培先,高波.2014.川东南地区下古生界页岩储层微观类型与特征及其对含气量的影响.地学前缘,21(4):321-343
秦川,余谦,刘伟,闫剑飞,张海全.2017.黔北地区牛蹄塘组富有机质泥岩储层特征.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),39(4):13-24
田辉.2017.兰州大学学术会议交流
妥进才.2016.有机质特征对页岩含气性的影响研究.“973”计划课题结项报告
王道富,王玉满,董大忠,王世谦,黄金亮,黄勇斌,王淑芳,李新景.2013.川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩储集空间定量表征.天然气工业,33(7):1-10
王飞宇,关晶,冯伟平,包林燕.2013.过成熟海相页岩孔隙度演化特征和游离气量.石油勘探与开发,40(6):764-768
王朋飞,姜振学,韩波,吕鹏,金璨,张昆,李鑫,李廷微.2018.中国南方下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气高效勘探开发储层地质参数石油学报,39(2):152-162
王淑芳,张子亚,董大忠,王玉满,李新景,胡俊文,黄金亮,管全中.2016.四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩孔隙特征及物性变差机制探讨.天然气地球科学,27(9):1619-1628
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Chalmers G R,Bustin R M,Power I M.2012.Characterization of gas shale pore systems by porosimetry,pycnometry,surface area,and field emission scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy image analyses:Examples from the Barnett,Woodford,Haynesville,Marcellus,and Doig units.AAPG Bulletin,96(6):1099-1119
Hao F,Zou H Y,Lu Y C.2013.Mechanisms of shale gas storage:Implications for shale gas exploration in China.AAPG Bulletin,97(8):1325-1346
Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble T E,Pollastro R M.2007.Unconventional shale-gas systems:The Mississippian Barnett shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment.AAPGBulletin,91(4):475-499
Ko L T,Loucks R G,Zhang T W,Ruppel S C,Shao D Y.2016.Pore and pore network evolution of Upper Cretaceous Boquillas(Eagle Ford-equivalent)mudrocks:Results from gold tube pyrolysis experiments.AAPG Bulletin,100(11):1693-1722
Ko L T,Ruppel S C,Loucks R G,Hackley P C,Zhang T W,Shao DY.2018.Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones:Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology.International Journal of Coal Geology,190:3-28
Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,Jarvie D M.2009.Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale.Journal of Sedimentary Research,79(12):848-861
Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,Hammes U.2012.Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores.AAPG Bulletin 96(6):1071-1098
Milliken K L,Rudnicki M,Awwiller N D,Zhang T W.2013.Organic matter-hosted pore system,Marcellus formation(Devonian),Pennsylvania.AAPG Bulletin,97(2):177-200
Romero-Sarmiento M F,Rouzaud J N,Bernard S,Deldicque D,Thomas M,Littke R.2014.Evolution of Barnett shale organic carbon structure and nanostructure with increasing maturation.Organic Geochemistry,71:7-16
Shao D Y,Ellis G S,Li Y F,Zhang T W.2018.Experimental investigation of the role of rock fabric in gas generation and expulsion during thermal maturation:Anhydrous closed-system pyrolysis of a bitumen-rich Eagle Ford Shale.Organic Geochemistry,119:22-35
Zhang M J,Tang Q Y,Cao C H,Lv Z G,Zhang T W,Zhang D K,Li ZP,Du L.2017.Molecular and carbon isotopic variation in 3.5 years shale gas production from Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin,China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,89:27-37
Zhang T W,Ellis G S,Ruppel S C,Ellis G S,Ruppel S C,Milliken K,Yang R S.2012.Effect of organic-matter type and thermal maturity on methane adsorption in shale-gas systems.Organic Geochemistry,47:120-131
Zhang T W,Yang R S,Milliken K L,Ruppel S C,Pottorf R J,Sun X.2014.Chemical and isotopic composition of gases released by crush methods from organic rich mudrocks.Organic Geochemistry,73:16-28
蔡周荣,夏斌,万志峰.2013.下扬子芜湖地区后期构造活动特征及其对古生界页岩气保存的影响.煤炭学报,38(5):890-895
蔡周荣,夏斌,黄强太,万志峰.2015.上、下扬子区古生界页岩气形成和保存的构造背景对比分析.天然气地球科学,26(8):1446-1454
翟刚毅,包书景,王玉芳,陈科,王胜建,周志,宋腾,李浩涵.2017.古隆起边缘成藏模式与湖北宜昌页岩气重大发现.地球学报,38(4):441-447
董春梅,马存飞,栾国强,林承焰,张宪国,任丽华.2015.泥页岩热模拟实验及成岩演化模式.沉积学报,33(5):1053-1061
董大忠,王玉满,李新景,邹才能,管全中,张晨晨,黄金亮,王淑芳,王红岩,刘洪林,拜文华,梁峰,吝文,赵群,刘德勋,邱振.2016.中国页岩气勘探开发新突破及发展前景思考.天然气工业,36(1):19-32
国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心.2016.全国页岩气资源潜力调查评价及有利区优选.北京:科学出版社
郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,王庆波.2014.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素.天然气工业,34(6):9-16
胡海燕.2013.富有机质Woodford页岩孔隙演化的热模拟实验.石油学报,34(5):820-825
吉利明,邱军利,夏燕青,张同伟.2012.常见黏土矿物电镜扫描微孔隙特征与甲烷吸附性.石油学报,33(2):249-256
吉利明,马向贤,夏燕青,邱军利.2014.黏土矿物甲烷吸附性能与微孔隙体积关系.天然气地球科学,25(2):141-152
梁狄刚,郭彤楼,陈建平,边立曾,赵喆.2008.中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干新进展(一):南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的分布.海相油气地质,13(2):1-16
马勇,钟宁宁,程礼军,潘哲君,李红英,谢庆明,李超.2015.渝东南两套富有机质页岩的孔隙结构特征:来自FIB-SEM的新启示石油实验地质,37(1):109-116
聂海宽,边瑞康,张培先,高波.2014.川东南地区下古生界页岩储层微观类型与特征及其对含气量的影响.地学前缘,21(4):321-343
秦川,余谦,刘伟,闫剑飞,张海全.2017.黔北地区牛蹄塘组富有机质泥岩储层特征.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),39(4):13-24
田辉.2017.兰州大学学术会议交流
妥进才.2016.有机质特征对页岩含气性的影响研究.“973”计划课题结项报告
王道富,王玉满,董大忠,王世谦,黄金亮,黄勇斌,王淑芳,李新景.2013.川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩储集空间定量表征.天然气工业,33(7):1-10
王飞宇,关晶,冯伟平,包林燕.2013.过成熟海相页岩孔隙度演化特征和游离气量.石油勘探与开发,40(6):764-768
王朋飞,姜振学,韩波,吕鹏,金璨,张昆,李鑫,李廷微.2018.中国南方下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气高效勘探开发储层地质参数石油学报,39(2):152-162
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