海南尖峰岭两类人工林中天然更新群落特征研究
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摘要
<正>在林业实践中,通过天然更新和人工促进更新的方法,能促进人工林向天然林转化,使其天然树种增加,林分结构更加复杂,生态系统更加稳定[1]。在天然林采伐迹地更新起来的人工林,虽然经过炼山、整地、人工造林等活动,但由于保留有天然树种的繁殖体(土壤种子库、树根、伐桩等)及附近天然林中植物种子迁移,在适宜的条件下能成功完成天然更新[2-5],这些具"潜在天然林恢复基础"的人工林通过天然更新往往都能恢复为天然林[6]。
25-years-old Cunninghamia lanceolata forests and 18-years-old Acacia mangium forests in Jianfengling of Hainan Province were surveyed to assess the structures and species diversity of naturally-regenerated plants. The results showed that there were 131 species in C. lanceolata forests,attributed to 100 genera and 51 families. The dominant species were Gironniera subaequalis,Schima superba,Pertusadina metcalfii and Polyspora hainanensis.There were 62 species in A. mangium forests,attributed to 59 genera and 33 families. The dominant species were Acronychia pedunculata,Tetradium glabrifolium,Machilus chinensis,Gironniera subaequalis and Toxicodendron succedaneum. The species richness,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index for naturally-regenerated plants in C.lanceolata forests were 76. 67 ± 11. 02,0. 94 ± 0. 04 and 3. 50 ± 0. 49,while those in A. mangium forests were39. 00 ± 8. 54,0. 91 ± 0. 04 and 3. 05 ± 0. 27. The Srensen species similarity for naturally-regenerated plants of the two forests was 0. 50,with a increasing age structure. The mean density,height and dbh for adult trees of naturallyregenerated components of C. lanceolata forests were significantly lower than A. mangium forests; while the mean density and height of small tress of naturally-regenerated components of C. lanceolata forests were significantly higher than A. mangium forests. The study indicated that the naturally-regenerated plant species increased,and the forest structures became complex with the regeneration of both C. lanceolata and A. mangium forests. These two pure plantations will become old-growth natural forests with the forest succession.
25-years-old Cunninghamia lanceolata forests and 18-years-old Acacia mangium forests in Jianfengling of Hainan Province were surveyed to assess the structures and species diversity of naturally-regenerated plants. The results showed that there were 131 species in C. lanceolata forests,attributed to 100 genera and 51 families. The dominant species were Gironniera subaequalis,Schima superba,Pertusadina metcalfii and Polyspora hainanensis.There were 62 species in A. mangium forests,attributed to 59 genera and 33 families. The dominant species were Acronychia pedunculata,Tetradium glabrifolium,Machilus chinensis,Gironniera subaequalis and Toxicodendron succedaneum. The species richness,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index for naturally-regenerated plants in C.lanceolata forests were 76. 67 ± 11. 02,0. 94 ± 0. 04 and 3. 50 ± 0. 49,while those in A. mangium forests were39. 00 ± 8. 54,0. 91 ± 0. 04 and 3. 05 ± 0. 27. The Srensen species similarity for naturally-regenerated plants of the two forests was 0. 50,with a increasing age structure. The mean density,height and dbh for adult trees of naturallyregenerated components of C. lanceolata forests were significantly lower than A. mangium forests; while the mean density and height of small tress of naturally-regenerated components of C. lanceolata forests were significantly higher than A. mangium forests. The study indicated that the naturally-regenerated plant species increased,and the forest structures became complex with the regeneration of both C. lanceolata and A. mangium forests. These two pure plantations will become old-growth natural forests with the forest succession.
引文
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[3]Ding Y,Zang R G.Community characteristics of early recovery vegetation on abandoned lands of shifting cultivation in Bawangling of Hainan Island,South China[J].Journal of Intergrative Plant Biology,2005,47(5):530-538.
[4]Chazdon R.L.Chance and determinism in tropical forest succession[M]//Carson W P,Schnitzer S A.Tropical forest community ecology.New York:John Wiley&Sons,2008.
[5]李俊清.森林生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[6]臧润国,丁易,张志东,等.海南岛热带天然林主要功能群保护与恢复的生态学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[7]盛炜彤.杉木人工林水土流失及养分损耗研究[J].林业科学研究,2000,13(6):589-597.
[8]吴蔚东,张桃林,孙波,等.人工杉木林地有机物和养分库的退化与调控[J].土壤学报,2000,37(1):41-49.
[9]廖利平,马越强,汪思龙,等.杉木与主要阔叶造林树种叶凋落物的混合分解[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(1):27-33.
[10]林瑞余,陈银秀,黄荣臻,等.杉木观光木混交林凋落物养分特征及动态变化[J].东北林业大学学报,2002,30(1):17-23.
[11]方发之.马占相思在海南的发展与展望[J].热带林业,1997,25(1):9-11.
[12]宗亦臣,郑勇奇,张川红,等.外来树种马占相思自然繁殖更新研究[J].林业科学,2006,42(7):16-20.
[13]秦武明,何斌,于浩光,等.马占相思人工林不同年龄阶段的生物生产力[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(1):22-24.
[14]王伯荪,余世孝,彭少麟.植物群落学实验手册[M].广东:广东高等教育出版社,1996.
[15]马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明.生物多样性的测度方法Ⅱβ多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1995,3(1):38-43.
[16]王伯荪,李鸣光,彭少麟.植物种群学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1995.
[17]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性测度方法Ⅰα多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[18]R Development Core Team.R:A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing[M].Vienna:R Foundation for Statistical Computing,Austria,2009.
[19]盛伟彤,范少辉.杉木及其人工林自身特性对长期立地生产力的影响[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(6):629-636.
[20]黄承才,张骏,江波,等.浙江省杉木生态公益林凋落物及其与植物多样性的关系[J].林业科学,2006,42(6):7-12.
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