近10 a黄淮旱地小麦品种主要性状的演变
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摘要
为了解黄淮冬麦区旱肥地品种性状的变化规律,以近10 a来黄淮冬麦区旱肥地区域试验数据为研究对象,对参试品种的主要性状进行整理和分析,以期为黄淮麦区旱肥地小麦育种提供参考。结果表明,随品种育成年份的推迟,成熟期呈延迟趋势,平均每年延迟0.327 4 d;抽穗期呈延迟趋势,平均每年延迟0.462 5 d;株高呈增加趋势,平均每年增加0.623 2 cm;全生育期天数呈减少趋势,平均每年减少0.635 6 d;灌浆时间呈增加趋势,平均每年增加0.263 4 d。相关性分析表明,株高与产量呈极显著正相关;成熟期与灌浆时间呈极显著正相关,与有效穗数呈显著负相关;穗粒数、有效穗与产量呈显著正相关。通径分析结果表明,产量构成因素对产量的直接贡献从大到小排序为有效穗数>千粒质量>穗粒数,有效穗数对产量的直接影响最大,通径系数达到0.538 8;穗粒数对产量的影响最小,通径系数为0.392 8。
To understand the changes in the traits of dryland in the Huanghuai winter wheat area,based on the regional test data of the drought-fertilizer group in the Huanghuai winter wheat area in the past 10 years,the main traits of the tested varieties were arranged and analyzed, which could provide a reference for wheat breeding in drought-fertilizer land in Huanghuai wheat area. The results showed that with the delay of the breeding season, the maturity period delayed, the average annual delay was 0.327 4 d, the heading period delayed, an average annual increase was 0.462 5 d, plant height increased, the average annual increase was 0.623 2 cm, the number of days in the whole growth period showed a decreasing trend, the average annual reduction was 0.6356 d, grouting time increased, the average annual increase was 0.263 4 d. The correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between plant height and yield. Maturity period was positively correlated with filling time, there was a significant negative correlation with effective panicles. The number of grains per panicle and effective panicles were positively correlated with yield. Path analysis results showed that the order of direct contribution of yield components to yield was effective panicle > 1 000-grain quality > grain number per panicle.Effective panicles had the greatest direct impact on yield, the path coefficient was 0.538 8, the effect of grain number per spike on yield was the smallest,the path coefficient was 0.392 8.
To understand the changes in the traits of dryland in the Huanghuai winter wheat area,based on the regional test data of the drought-fertilizer group in the Huanghuai winter wheat area in the past 10 years,the main traits of the tested varieties were arranged and analyzed, which could provide a reference for wheat breeding in drought-fertilizer land in Huanghuai wheat area. The results showed that with the delay of the breeding season, the maturity period delayed, the average annual delay was 0.327 4 d, the heading period delayed, an average annual increase was 0.462 5 d, plant height increased, the average annual increase was 0.623 2 cm, the number of days in the whole growth period showed a decreasing trend, the average annual reduction was 0.6356 d, grouting time increased, the average annual increase was 0.263 4 d. The correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between plant height and yield. Maturity period was positively correlated with filling time, there was a significant negative correlation with effective panicles. The number of grains per panicle and effective panicles were positively correlated with yield. Path analysis results showed that the order of direct contribution of yield components to yield was effective panicle > 1 000-grain quality > grain number per panicle.Effective panicles had the greatest direct impact on yield, the path coefficient was 0.538 8, the effect of grain number per spike on yield was the smallest,the path coefficient was 0.392 8.
引文
[1]廖平安,郭春强,詹文奎,等.黄淮南部小麦品种品质现状分析[J].麦类作物学报,2003,23(4):139-140.
[2]王随宝.旱地小麦在品种方面存在的问题[J].山西农业科学,1998,26(12):14-15.
[3]唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:209-212.
[4]卢超,高明博,焦小钟,等.几个小麦亲本主要性状的配合力评价及遗传分析[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(6):1023-1028.
[5]陈森.不同品种小麦水旱地品质与产量差异[J].山西农业科学,2007,35(8):35-37.
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[7]邹少奎,殷贵鸿,唐建卫,等.黄淮主推小麦品种主要农艺性状配合力及遗传力效应分析[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(6):730-738.
[8]高辉明,张正斌,杨引福,等.北部冬麦区小麦品种农艺性状变化[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(11):2201-2210.
[9]陈淑萍,王雪征,茜晓哲,等.小麦品质性状评价与改良途径[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(5):45-47,59.
[10]周强,李生荣,欧俊梅,等.几个小麦品种(系)主要农艺性状配合力与遗传力分析[J].小麦研究,2007,28(3):20-25.
[11]康建宏,周续莲,代晓华,等.宁夏平原春小麦品种更替中农艺性状的演变研究[J].农业科学研究,2005,2(1):6-9,17.
[12]何秀英,陈钊明,廖耀平,等.水稻收获指数遗传及其主要性状的相关研究[J].作物学报,2006,32(6):911-916.
[13]王江春,于波,王荣,等.山东省小麦品种演变及产量性状的遗传分析[J].山东农业科学,2007(2):5-7,9.
[14]李春喜,胡国贤,姜丽娜,等.耕作培肥对冬小麦产量构成及叶片生理特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(5):885-891.
[15]周芳菊,陈桥生,张道荣,等.小麦产量构成因素的相关性分析[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(23):5287-5289.
[16]孙军伟,杨子光,孟丽梅,等.北部冬麦区旱地小麦品种主要农艺性状的演变规律[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(7):1078-1080,1084.
[17]李玫,裴自友,温辉芹,等.国审小麦新品种农艺性状、品质与抗病性分析[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(4):491-497.
[18]杨洪强. 1982—2010年河南省旱地小麦品种主要农艺性状的遗传演变规律[J].河南农业科学,2010(9):13-16.
[19]孔少华,王淑红,薛登峰,等.播期、密度及其互作对冬小麦产量的影响[J].天津农业科学,2019,25(7):87-90.
[20]曹廷杰.河南省弱春性小麦品种(系)主要农艺性状演变分析[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(4):491-497.
[2]王随宝.旱地小麦在品种方面存在的问题[J].山西农业科学,1998,26(12):14-15.
[3]唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:209-212.
[4]卢超,高明博,焦小钟,等.几个小麦亲本主要性状的配合力评价及遗传分析[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(6):1023-1028.
[5]陈森.不同品种小麦水旱地品质与产量差异[J].山西农业科学,2007,35(8):35-37.
[6]陈建省,田纪春,张永祥,等.山东省小麦品种品质演变的研究[J].山东农业科学,2004(1):24-27.
[7]邹少奎,殷贵鸿,唐建卫,等.黄淮主推小麦品种主要农艺性状配合力及遗传力效应分析[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(6):730-738.
[8]高辉明,张正斌,杨引福,等.北部冬麦区小麦品种农艺性状变化[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(11):2201-2210.
[9]陈淑萍,王雪征,茜晓哲,等.小麦品质性状评价与改良途径[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(5):45-47,59.
[10]周强,李生荣,欧俊梅,等.几个小麦品种(系)主要农艺性状配合力与遗传力分析[J].小麦研究,2007,28(3):20-25.
[11]康建宏,周续莲,代晓华,等.宁夏平原春小麦品种更替中农艺性状的演变研究[J].农业科学研究,2005,2(1):6-9,17.
[12]何秀英,陈钊明,廖耀平,等.水稻收获指数遗传及其主要性状的相关研究[J].作物学报,2006,32(6):911-916.
[13]王江春,于波,王荣,等.山东省小麦品种演变及产量性状的遗传分析[J].山东农业科学,2007(2):5-7,9.
[14]李春喜,胡国贤,姜丽娜,等.耕作培肥对冬小麦产量构成及叶片生理特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(5):885-891.
[15]周芳菊,陈桥生,张道荣,等.小麦产量构成因素的相关性分析[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(23):5287-5289.
[16]孙军伟,杨子光,孟丽梅,等.北部冬麦区旱地小麦品种主要农艺性状的演变规律[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(7):1078-1080,1084.
[17]李玫,裴自友,温辉芹,等.国审小麦新品种农艺性状、品质与抗病性分析[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(4):491-497.
[18]杨洪强. 1982—2010年河南省旱地小麦品种主要农艺性状的遗传演变规律[J].河南农业科学,2010(9):13-16.
[19]孔少华,王淑红,薛登峰,等.播期、密度及其互作对冬小麦产量的影响[J].天津农业科学,2019,25(7):87-90.
[20]曹廷杰.河南省弱春性小麦品种(系)主要农艺性状演变分析[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(4):491-497.
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