氮磷钾施用水平对不同小麦品种产量性状的影响
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摘要
以8个黄淮南片麦区小麦品种为材料,设置T1、T2、T3、T4和T5共5个施肥水平,采用二因素裂区设计,研究氮磷钾施用水平对不同小麦品种公顷穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量及产量的影响.结果表明:随着氮磷钾施用水平增加,各小麦品种公顷穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量及产量变化规律不尽相同.在5个氮磷钾施用水平下,偃展4110平均公顷穗数最多,百农AK58和百农307较多,周麦18、周麦22和百农201较少;穗粒数变化相对较小的品种有偃展4110、百农307、百农AK58、周麦18、华育198和周麦22;周麦22千粒质量较高,且比较稳定.百农201、偃展4110和百农307产量均以T3最高,百农AK58、百农207和华育198均以T4最高,周麦18和周麦22分别以T2和T5最高;百农307、百农207和周麦22平均产量较高,百农AK58和偃展4110较低;在40个品种与施肥水平组合中,"T4百农207"产量最高,"T5偃展4110"最低.施肥水平过低或过高,均不利于小麦品种产量的提高;在小麦栽培中,应合理控制施肥水平,最好通过"减肥"实现高产.
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different N,P,K levels on the number of spike,grains per spike,1000-grain weight and yield of eight wheat cultivars from the south of Huanghuai wheat zone.Five fertilization levels were designed including T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5.The results showed as follows:the changes of the number of spike,the grains per spike,1000-grain weight and yield on each wheat cultivar were different with the increase of N,P,K levels.Under the five N,P,K levels,the average number of spike was found most in Yanzhan 4110,more in Bainong AK58 and Bainong 307,and less in Zhoumai18,Zhoumai 22 and Bainong 201;the change of the grains per spike were relatively smaller in Yanzhan 4110,Bainong 307,Bainong AK58,Zhoumai 18 and Huayu 198;the 1000-grain weight of Zhoumai 22 was higher and relatively stable.The yield were highest for Bainong 201,Yanzhan 4110 and Bainong 307 under T3 treatment,Bainong AK58,Bainong 207 and Huayu 198 under T4 treatment,Zhoumai 18 under T2 treatment and Zhoumai 22 under T5;the average yield were higher in Bainong 307,Bainong207 and Zhoumai 22,and were less in Bainong AK58 and Yanzhan 4110;in forty combinations of cultivar and N,P,K levels,the yield of Bainong 207 in T4 was the highest,the yield of Yanzhan 4110 in T5 was the lowest.The excess or low N,P,K level was not suitable for obtaining high yield of wheat.In conclusion,in wheat cultivation,we should control fertilization levels in a reasonable way,and it is better to obtain high yield with the lower fertilization levels.
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different N,P,K levels on the number of spike,grains per spike,1000-grain weight and yield of eight wheat cultivars from the south of Huanghuai wheat zone.Five fertilization levels were designed including T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5.The results showed as follows:the changes of the number of spike,the grains per spike,1000-grain weight and yield on each wheat cultivar were different with the increase of N,P,K levels.Under the five N,P,K levels,the average number of spike was found most in Yanzhan 4110,more in Bainong AK58 and Bainong 307,and less in Zhoumai18,Zhoumai 22 and Bainong 201;the change of the grains per spike were relatively smaller in Yanzhan 4110,Bainong 307,Bainong AK58,Zhoumai 18 and Huayu 198;the 1000-grain weight of Zhoumai 22 was higher and relatively stable.The yield were highest for Bainong 201,Yanzhan 4110 and Bainong 307 under T3 treatment,Bainong AK58,Bainong 207 and Huayu 198 under T4 treatment,Zhoumai 18 under T2 treatment and Zhoumai 22 under T5;the average yield were higher in Bainong 307,Bainong207 and Zhoumai 22,and were less in Bainong AK58 and Yanzhan 4110;in forty combinations of cultivar and N,P,K levels,the yield of Bainong 207 in T4 was the highest,the yield of Yanzhan 4110 in T5 was the lowest.The excess or low N,P,K level was not suitable for obtaining high yield of wheat.In conclusion,in wheat cultivation,we should control fertilization levels in a reasonable way,and it is better to obtain high yield with the lower fertilization levels.
引文
[1]刘欢,王雅倩,王晓明,等.基于近红外高光谱成像技术的小麦不完善粒检测方法研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2019,39(1):223-229.
[2]高晓慧,任翠翠,宋杰,等.黄淮南片麦区区试小麦品种(系)的遗传多样性及Pm21和1BL/1RS分子检测[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(6):779-785.
[3]刘新月,裴磊,卫云宗,等.气温变化背景下中国黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状的变化特征:以山西临汾为例[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(10):1942-1954.
[4]邱淑芬,朱荣松,李勇,等.不同施肥处理对小麦产量及土壤养分的影响[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(4):72-75.
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[6]杨玉敏,杨武云,万洪深,等.氮磷钾胁迫下不同D基因组人工合成小麦生长和养分积累差异[J].植物营养与肥料学报2015,21(5):1123-1131.
[7]HUSSAIN M L,SHAN S H,SAJJAD H,et al.Growth,yield and quality response of three wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)varieties to different levels of N,P and K[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2002,4(3):362-364.
[8]SHARMA S P,SUBEHIA S K.Effects of twenty-five years of fertilizer use on maize and wheat yields and quality of an acidic soil in the Western Himalayas[J].Experimental Agriculture,2003,39(1):55-64.
[9]王树林,祁虹,王燕,等.麦棉套作模式氮磷钾肥料用量对小麦产量性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(4):45-46,76.
[10]徐霞,赵亚南,黄玉芳,等.不同地力水平下的小麦施肥效应[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(21):4076-4086.
[11]龙素霞,李芳芳,石书亚,等.氮磷钾配施对小麦植株养分吸收利用和产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2018(6):96-102.
[12]张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策I:21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008-1017.
[13]RICHTER J,ROELCKE M.The N-cycle as determined by intensiveagricultur:examples from central Europe and China[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem,2000,57(1):33-46.
[14]黄国勤,王兴祥,钱海燕,等.施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):656-660.
[15]刘保华,苏玉环,申景梅,等.冀南麦区小麦适宜播种方式研究[J].河北农业科学,2012,16(8):9-14.
[16]周秋峰,黄长志,王保林.栽培技术对小麦产量的调节效应[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(12):98-103.
[17]孙芳华,曾启明,范家骅.北方冬麦区区域试验品种产量性状分析与探讨[J].作物学报,1992,18(4):266-274.
[18]杭晓宁.稻作方式和秸秆还田对稻麦产量和温室气体排放的影响研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[2]高晓慧,任翠翠,宋杰,等.黄淮南片麦区区试小麦品种(系)的遗传多样性及Pm21和1BL/1RS分子检测[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(6):779-785.
[3]刘新月,裴磊,卫云宗,等.气温变化背景下中国黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状的变化特征:以山西临汾为例[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(10):1942-1954.
[4]邱淑芬,朱荣松,李勇,等.不同施肥处理对小麦产量及土壤养分的影响[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(4):72-75.
[5]陆秀娟,潘虹,李祥栋,等.氮、磷、钾肥料对紫色小麦籽粒灌浆特征及产量形成的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(7):123-126.
[6]杨玉敏,杨武云,万洪深,等.氮磷钾胁迫下不同D基因组人工合成小麦生长和养分积累差异[J].植物营养与肥料学报2015,21(5):1123-1131.
[7]HUSSAIN M L,SHAN S H,SAJJAD H,et al.Growth,yield and quality response of three wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)varieties to different levels of N,P and K[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2002,4(3):362-364.
[8]SHARMA S P,SUBEHIA S K.Effects of twenty-five years of fertilizer use on maize and wheat yields and quality of an acidic soil in the Western Himalayas[J].Experimental Agriculture,2003,39(1):55-64.
[9]王树林,祁虹,王燕,等.麦棉套作模式氮磷钾肥料用量对小麦产量性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(4):45-46,76.
[10]徐霞,赵亚南,黄玉芳,等.不同地力水平下的小麦施肥效应[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(21):4076-4086.
[11]龙素霞,李芳芳,石书亚,等.氮磷钾配施对小麦植株养分吸收利用和产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2018(6):96-102.
[12]张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策I:21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008-1017.
[13]RICHTER J,ROELCKE M.The N-cycle as determined by intensiveagricultur:examples from central Europe and China[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem,2000,57(1):33-46.
[14]黄国勤,王兴祥,钱海燕,等.施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):656-660.
[15]刘保华,苏玉环,申景梅,等.冀南麦区小麦适宜播种方式研究[J].河北农业科学,2012,16(8):9-14.
[16]周秋峰,黄长志,王保林.栽培技术对小麦产量的调节效应[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(12):98-103.
[17]孙芳华,曾启明,范家骅.北方冬麦区区域试验品种产量性状分析与探讨[J].作物学报,1992,18(4):266-274.
[18]杭晓宁.稻作方式和秸秆还田对稻麦产量和温室气体排放的影响研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
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