黄浦江中游5种典型林分枯落物和土壤水源涵养能力研究
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摘要
为了解黄浦江流域中游典型人工纯林枯落物和土壤的水源涵养能力,提高流域内水源涵养林建设保护与经营管理水平,选择黄浦江中游东岸的浦江郊野公园内的5种典型人工纯林(香樟林、桂花林、栾树林、无患子林和池杉林)作为研究对象,采用环刀法、烘干法与室内浸泡法对林分地表枯落物和土壤的水源涵养能力进行研究,并结合枯落物有效拦蓄量和土壤有效蓄水量来定量比较5种林分枯落物层和土壤层的水源涵养能力。结果表明:(1)5种林分枯落物有效拦蓄量为7.74～27.90 t/hm~2,表现为池杉林>无患子林>桂花林>栾树林>香樟林。(2)土壤有效蓄水量为104.87～174.01 t/hm~2,表现为栾树林>无患子林>香樟林>池杉林>桂花林。(3)林分枯落物有效拦蓄量和土壤有效蓄水量的总和为116.79～184.17 t/hm~2,表现为栾树林、无患子林的枯落物和土壤水源涵养能力较强,池杉林次之,香樟林与桂花林较弱。因此,在今后水源涵养林的建设管理过程中可优先选择落叶阔叶树种,适当种植针叶树种与常绿阔叶树种,加强对地表枯枝落叶层的保护,使林分更好地发挥其涵养水源的能力。
In order to understand the water conservation capacity of litters and soils in different forest types in the Huangpu River, and improve the protection and management level of water conservation forests, this paper took five typical artificial pure forests( the Cinnamomum camphora forest, Osmanthus fragrans forest, Koelreuteria paniculata foerst, Sapindus mukorossi forest and Taxodium ascendens forest) in the Pujiang Country Park on the east side of the middle reaches of the Huangpu River as the research object. Water conservation capacities of the litter layer and soil layer in different forest stands were studied by cutting-ring method, drying method and indoor immersion method. The water conservation capacities were also quantitatively compared by combining the modified interception amounts of the litters and the effective water storage capacities of the soils. The results showed that the modified interception amounts of the litters in the five forest stands were 7.74～27.90 t/hm~2, Taxodium ascendens forest>Sapindus mukorossi forest>Osmanthus fragrans forest>Koelreuteria paniculata foerst>Cinnamomum camphora forest. The effective water storage capacities of the soils in the five forest stands were 104.87～174.01 t/hm~2, Koelreuteria paniculata foerst>Sapindus mukorossi forest>Cinnamomum camphora forest>Taxodium ascendens forest>Osmanthus fragrans forest. The sum of the modified interception amounts of the litters and the effective water storage capacities of the soils were 116.79～184.17 t/hm~2. It showed that the litters and soils in Koelreuteria paniculata and Sapindus mukorossi forests had the stronger water conservation capacities, followed by Taxodium ascendens, Cinnamomum camphora and Osmanthus fragrans forests. Therefore, during the construction and management of water conservation forest in the future, it is suggested that deciduous broad-leaved tree species should be selected as a priority, and coniferous tree species and evergreen broad-leaved tree species be properly planted, and the protection of the surface litter layer could be strengthened, so that the forest could play better role in water conservation.
In order to understand the water conservation capacity of litters and soils in different forest types in the Huangpu River, and improve the protection and management level of water conservation forests, this paper took five typical artificial pure forests( the Cinnamomum camphora forest, Osmanthus fragrans forest, Koelreuteria paniculata foerst, Sapindus mukorossi forest and Taxodium ascendens forest) in the Pujiang Country Park on the east side of the middle reaches of the Huangpu River as the research object. Water conservation capacities of the litter layer and soil layer in different forest stands were studied by cutting-ring method, drying method and indoor immersion method. The water conservation capacities were also quantitatively compared by combining the modified interception amounts of the litters and the effective water storage capacities of the soils. The results showed that the modified interception amounts of the litters in the five forest stands were 7.74～27.90 t/hm~2, Taxodium ascendens forest>Sapindus mukorossi forest>Osmanthus fragrans forest>Koelreuteria paniculata foerst>Cinnamomum camphora forest. The effective water storage capacities of the soils in the five forest stands were 104.87～174.01 t/hm~2, Koelreuteria paniculata foerst>Sapindus mukorossi forest>Cinnamomum camphora forest>Taxodium ascendens forest>Osmanthus fragrans forest. The sum of the modified interception amounts of the litters and the effective water storage capacities of the soils were 116.79～184.17 t/hm~2. It showed that the litters and soils in Koelreuteria paniculata and Sapindus mukorossi forests had the stronger water conservation capacities, followed by Taxodium ascendens, Cinnamomum camphora and Osmanthus fragrans forests. Therefore, during the construction and management of water conservation forest in the future, it is suggested that deciduous broad-leaved tree species should be selected as a priority, and coniferous tree species and evergreen broad-leaved tree species be properly planted, and the protection of the surface litter layer could be strengthened, so that the forest could play better role in water conservation.
引文
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[20] 张峰,彭祚登,安永兴,等.北京西山主要造林树种林下枯落物的持水特性[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):6-14.
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[22] Dunkerley D. Percolation through leaf litter: What happens during rainfall events of varying intensity?[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,525:737-746.
[23] 赵艳云,程积民,万惠娥,等.林地枯落物层水文特征研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2007(2):130-134.
[24] 王利,于立忠,张金鑫,等.浑河上游水源地不同林型水源涵养功能分析[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):249-255.
[25] 孙浩,刘晓勇,何齐发,等.修河上游流域4种森林类型的水源涵养功能评价[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(4):337-341.
[26] 莫菲,李叙勇,贺淑霞,等.东灵山林区不同森林植被水源涵养功能评价[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):5009-5016.
[2] 刘毅,韦建财,周海喜,等.柳江流域中游3种人工林的水源涵养功能[J].林业与环境科学,2017,33(2):1-7.
[3] 周佳雯,高吉喜,高志球,等.森林生态系统水源涵养服务功能解析[J].生态学报,2018,38(5):1679-1686.
[4] 王晓学,沈会涛,李叙勇,等.森林水源涵养功能的多尺度内涵、过程及计量方法[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1019-1030.
[5] 姬少玲.森林对水源的涵养研究进展[J].防护林科技,2017(7):82-83.
[6] 庞梦丽,朱辰光,翟博超,等.河北省太行山区3种人工水土保持林枯落物及土壤水文效应[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(1):51-56.
[7] Neris J, Tejedor M, Rodríguez M, et al. Effect of forest floor characteristics on water repellency, infiltration, runoff and soil loss in Andisols of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain)[J].Catena,2013,108:50-57.
[8] 马维玲,石培礼,宗宁,等.太行山区主要森林生态系统水源涵养能力[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(4):478-489.
[9] 刘凯,贺康宁,田赟,等.青海高寒山区5种林分的土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):141-146.
[10] 王先棒,贺康宁,董喆,等.北川河流域典型林型水源涵养能力评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(5):94-102.
[11] Dietz J, H?lscher D, Leuschner C, et al. Rainfall partitioning in relation to forest structure in differently managed montane forest stands in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,237(1):170-178.
[12] 张现武,李明华,张金池,等.上海市水源涵养林建设现状及发展对策研究[J].华东森林经理,2015,29(2):23-26.
[13] 刘道平.黄浦江上游水源林水文生态功能研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2006.
[14] 李阿瑾.黄浦江上游近自然林与纯林涵养水源能力比较[D].上海:华东师范大学,2013.
[15] 臧贵敏.黄浦江水源涵养林土壤生态特性研究及优化造林模式的选择[D].南京:南京林业大学,2005.
[16] 郊野公园规划项目组.落实生态文明建设,探索郊野公园规划:以上海试点郊野公园规划为例[J].上海城市规划,2013(5):51-61.
[17] 张思维.浅谈浦江郊野公园首期启动区绿化专项设计[J].中外建筑,2017(4):136-140.
[18] 李婧.三峡库区紫色砂岩地主要森林类型水文效应研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[19] 吴钦孝,赵鸿雁,刘向东,等.森林枯枝落叶层涵养水源保持水土的作用评价[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998,4(2):24-29.
[20] 张峰,彭祚登,安永兴,等.北京西山主要造林树种林下枯落物的持水特性[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):6-14.
[21] 森林土壤水分-物理性质的测定.LY/T 1215-1999.中华人民共和国林业行业标准[S].北京:中国林业出版社,1999.
[22] Dunkerley D. Percolation through leaf litter: What happens during rainfall events of varying intensity?[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,525:737-746.
[23] 赵艳云,程积民,万惠娥,等.林地枯落物层水文特征研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2007(2):130-134.
[24] 王利,于立忠,张金鑫,等.浑河上游水源地不同林型水源涵养功能分析[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):249-255.
[25] 孙浩,刘晓勇,何齐发,等.修河上游流域4种森林类型的水源涵养功能评价[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(4):337-341.
[26] 莫菲,李叙勇,贺淑霞,等.东灵山林区不同森林植被水源涵养功能评价[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):5009-5016.
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