淀粉酶处理对竹材防霉性能的影响
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摘要
毛竹竹材由于富含淀粉和糖,在适宜的条件下极易受到以此为食的各种霉菌的侵害,给竹材加工业造成重大的损失,因此必须进行竹材的防霉保护。传统的化学药剂浸渍竹材,虽然防霉效果优异,但因其含有对人体有害的化学物质或重金属成分,长期使用会影响人类的身体健康。而利用生物酶进行竹材的防霉处理,不但简便高效,而且绿色无毒。在研究过程中采用7种不同酶量的淀粉酶溶液来处理竹材样品,同时对比了最适加酶量下3种不同处理时间和3种不同处理温度对竹材样品防霉的效果。试验结果表明:随着淀粉酶处理液中酶量的增加,竹材样品的淀粉和还原糖含量下降明显;淀粉酶处理液的处理时间对降低竹材淀粉和还原糖含量起到关键作用,适当延长竹材的酶处理时间有益于降低竹材的淀粉和还原糖含量;适合的淀粉酶处理温度能提高淀粉酶水解效率,降低竹材淀粉和还原糖含量。在竹材的防霉试验中,经淀粉酶溶液处理过的竹材,对3种霉菌(黑曲霉、桔青霉和绿色木霉)均有很好的抗霉效果;随着淀粉酶处理液酶量和处理时间的增加,竹材的防霉性能有了明显的提高。结果表明,最佳淀粉酶处理工艺为:酶量120 U/mL,酶处理时间36 h,酶处理温度95℃。研究结果可为竹材的防霉研究提供参考。
Moso bamboo( Phyllostachys pubescens MazelexH. deLehaie) is easily attacked by fungi due to its high contents of starch and sugar,the nutrition feeds for mold fungi. Mould fungi will cause huge economic losses to moso bamboo processing industry. Although traditional chemicals immersion is an effective method for bamboo anti-fungi treatment,harmful chemicals or heavy metals ion may cause long-term issue for the environment and human health. In this paper,moso bamboo blocks were treated with amylase at different enzyme concentrations,three treatment times and three treatment temperatures. The results showed that the amounts of starch and reducing sugar in bamboo samples decreased obviously with the increasing active enzyme contents. The amylase treatment time played an important role to reduce the amounts of starch and reducing sugar in moso bamboo blocks. The proper prolongation of amylase treatment time on the bamboo blocks could reduce the amounts of starch and reducing sugar. The suitable amylase treatment temperature could improve the hydrolysis efficiency of amylase,it could also decrease the contents of starch and reducing sugar in bamboo block. In the mould resistance test,the bamboo blocks treated with amylase solutions had excellent anti mold effect on the three common types of moso bamboo mould fungi( Aspergillus niger,Penicillium citrinum and Trichoderma viride),and the mould resistance property of bamboo blocks was dramatically enhanced by the increasing of enzyme concentration and the prolongation of the treatment time. The optimum starch enzyme treatment process was obtained as follows: the concentration of starch enzyme was 120 U/mL,starch enzyme treatment time was 36 h,and starch enzyme treatment temperature is 95 ℃. This research could provide a new approach for bamboo from mould attraction.
Moso bamboo( Phyllostachys pubescens MazelexH. deLehaie) is easily attacked by fungi due to its high contents of starch and sugar,the nutrition feeds for mold fungi. Mould fungi will cause huge economic losses to moso bamboo processing industry. Although traditional chemicals immersion is an effective method for bamboo anti-fungi treatment,harmful chemicals or heavy metals ion may cause long-term issue for the environment and human health. In this paper,moso bamboo blocks were treated with amylase at different enzyme concentrations,three treatment times and three treatment temperatures. The results showed that the amounts of starch and reducing sugar in bamboo samples decreased obviously with the increasing active enzyme contents. The amylase treatment time played an important role to reduce the amounts of starch and reducing sugar in moso bamboo blocks. The proper prolongation of amylase treatment time on the bamboo blocks could reduce the amounts of starch and reducing sugar. The suitable amylase treatment temperature could improve the hydrolysis efficiency of amylase,it could also decrease the contents of starch and reducing sugar in bamboo block. In the mould resistance test,the bamboo blocks treated with amylase solutions had excellent anti mold effect on the three common types of moso bamboo mould fungi( Aspergillus niger,Penicillium citrinum and Trichoderma viride),and the mould resistance property of bamboo blocks was dramatically enhanced by the increasing of enzyme concentration and the prolongation of the treatment time. The optimum starch enzyme treatment process was obtained as follows: the concentration of starch enzyme was 120 U/mL,starch enzyme treatment time was 36 h,and starch enzyme treatment temperature is 95 ℃. This research could provide a new approach for bamboo from mould attraction.
引文
[1]CHENG D L,JIANG S X,ZHANG Q S.Effect of hydrothermal treatment with different aqueous solutions on the mold resistance of moso bamboo with chemical and FT-IR analysis[J].BioResources,2013,8(1):371-382.DOI:10.15376/biores.8.1.371-382.
[2]辜夕容,邓雪梅,刘颖旎,等.竹废弃物的资源化利用研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):236-242.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.033.GU X R,DENG X M,LIU Y N,et al.Review on comprehensive utilization of bamboo residues[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(1):236-242.
[3]邓小雷,李欣,夏鑫鑫,等.DX18型竹根挖掘机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):29-35.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.02.005.DENG X L,LI X,XIA X X,et al.Design and experiment of DX1B bamboo root excavator[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(2):29-35.
[4]ZHANG Y M,YU Y L,YU W J.Effect of thermal treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of phyllostachys pubescen bamboo[J].European Journal Wood and Wood Products,2013,71:61-67.DOI:10.1007/s00107-012-0643-6.
[5]李智勇,王登举,樊宝敏.中国竹产业发展现状及其政策分析[J].北京林业大学学报:社会科学版,2005,4(4):50-54.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-6116.2005.04.014.LI Z Y,WANG D J,FAN B M.Analysis on status Quo and policy of China's bamboo industry[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University(Social Sciences),2005,4(4):50-54.
[6]李霞镇,任海青,徐明,等.中国竹业概况及发展建议[J].世界竹藤通讯,2008,6(4):1-4.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0431.2008.04.001.LI X Z,REN H Q,XU M,et al.General situation and suggestings of bamboo industry in China[J].World Bamboo and Rattan,2008,6(4):1-4.
[7]肖忠平,俞君宝,束必清,等.重组竹高温处理后的性能研究[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):240-243.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2017.04.40.XIAO Z P,YU J B,SHU B Q,et al.Performance of glued laminated bamboo after high temperature treatment[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(4):240-243.
[8]MOHMOD A L,KHOO K C,ALI N A M.Carbohydrates in some natural stand Bamboos[J].Journal of Topical Forest Science,1991,4(4):310-316.
[9]OKAHISA Y,YOSHIMURA T,IMAMURA Y J.An application of the alkaline extraction-glucoamylase hydrolysis method to analyze starch and sugar contents of bamboo[J].Journal of Wood Science,2005,51:542-545.DOI:10.1007/s10086-004-0674-7.
[10]SUN F L,BAO B F,MA L F,et al.Mould-resistance of bamboo treated with the compound of chitosan-copper complex and organic fungicides[J].Journal of Wood Science,2012,58:51-56.DOI:10.1007/s10086-011-1223-9.
[11]TANG T K H,SCHMIDT O,LIESE W.Protection of bamboo against mould using environment-friendly chemicals[J].Journal of Topical Forest Science,2012,24(2):285-290.
[12]LEE A W C,CHEN G,TAINTER F H.Comparative treatability of moso bamboo and southern pine with CCA preservative using a commercial schedule[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,77:87-88.DOI:10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00145-0.
[13]周建芹,罗发兴.Maltogenase和β-淀粉酶制取超高麦芽糖浆的研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):126-128.ZHOU J Q,LUO F X.Application of Maltogenase andβ-enzyme to the production of Maltose Syrup[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2002,18(1):126-128.
[14]何敏超,许敬亭,陈小燕,等.用于生物质酶解过程的纤维素酶研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(S1):290-296.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z1.040.HE M C,XU J L,CHEN X Y,et al.Progress of cellulose that using for biomass hydrolysis process[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(S1):290-296.
[15]HUANG X D,HSE C Y,SHUPE T F.Study on the mould-resistant properties of moso bamboo treated with high pressure and amylase[J].BioResources,2014,9(1):497-509.
[2]辜夕容,邓雪梅,刘颖旎,等.竹废弃物的资源化利用研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):236-242.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.033.GU X R,DENG X M,LIU Y N,et al.Review on comprehensive utilization of bamboo residues[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(1):236-242.
[3]邓小雷,李欣,夏鑫鑫,等.DX18型竹根挖掘机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):29-35.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.02.005.DENG X L,LI X,XIA X X,et al.Design and experiment of DX1B bamboo root excavator[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(2):29-35.
[4]ZHANG Y M,YU Y L,YU W J.Effect of thermal treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of phyllostachys pubescen bamboo[J].European Journal Wood and Wood Products,2013,71:61-67.DOI:10.1007/s00107-012-0643-6.
[5]李智勇,王登举,樊宝敏.中国竹产业发展现状及其政策分析[J].北京林业大学学报:社会科学版,2005,4(4):50-54.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-6116.2005.04.014.LI Z Y,WANG D J,FAN B M.Analysis on status Quo and policy of China's bamboo industry[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University(Social Sciences),2005,4(4):50-54.
[6]李霞镇,任海青,徐明,等.中国竹业概况及发展建议[J].世界竹藤通讯,2008,6(4):1-4.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0431.2008.04.001.LI X Z,REN H Q,XU M,et al.General situation and suggestings of bamboo industry in China[J].World Bamboo and Rattan,2008,6(4):1-4.
[7]肖忠平,俞君宝,束必清,等.重组竹高温处理后的性能研究[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):240-243.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2017.04.40.XIAO Z P,YU J B,SHU B Q,et al.Performance of glued laminated bamboo after high temperature treatment[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(4):240-243.
[8]MOHMOD A L,KHOO K C,ALI N A M.Carbohydrates in some natural stand Bamboos[J].Journal of Topical Forest Science,1991,4(4):310-316.
[9]OKAHISA Y,YOSHIMURA T,IMAMURA Y J.An application of the alkaline extraction-glucoamylase hydrolysis method to analyze starch and sugar contents of bamboo[J].Journal of Wood Science,2005,51:542-545.DOI:10.1007/s10086-004-0674-7.
[10]SUN F L,BAO B F,MA L F,et al.Mould-resistance of bamboo treated with the compound of chitosan-copper complex and organic fungicides[J].Journal of Wood Science,2012,58:51-56.DOI:10.1007/s10086-011-1223-9.
[11]TANG T K H,SCHMIDT O,LIESE W.Protection of bamboo against mould using environment-friendly chemicals[J].Journal of Topical Forest Science,2012,24(2):285-290.
[12]LEE A W C,CHEN G,TAINTER F H.Comparative treatability of moso bamboo and southern pine with CCA preservative using a commercial schedule[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,77:87-88.DOI:10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00145-0.
[13]周建芹,罗发兴.Maltogenase和β-淀粉酶制取超高麦芽糖浆的研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):126-128.ZHOU J Q,LUO F X.Application of Maltogenase andβ-enzyme to the production of Maltose Syrup[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2002,18(1):126-128.
[14]何敏超,许敬亭,陈小燕,等.用于生物质酶解过程的纤维素酶研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(S1):290-296.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z1.040.HE M C,XU J L,CHEN X Y,et al.Progress of cellulose that using for biomass hydrolysis process[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(S1):290-296.
[15]HUANG X D,HSE C Y,SHUPE T F.Study on the mould-resistant properties of moso bamboo treated with high pressure and amylase[J].BioResources,2014,9(1):497-509.
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