C/N和污泥浓度对以pH值调控的亚硝化系统影响
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摘要
pH是亚硝化系统实现并稳定的重要调控手段,为研究不同C/N(0、1、2、3、4)及污泥浓度(污泥量∶配水量为1∶6、1∶3、1∶1)下亚硝化系统的pH变化规律及在不同pH变化下对污染物去除转化过程的影响,以乙酸钠为碳源,采用锥形瓶接种成熟的亚硝化污泥进行了批次试验.结果表明,相同污泥浓度下,C/N越大,pH增量越大,反硝化效率越高;相同C/N下,污泥浓度越大,pH增量越小,反硝化效率越高.反应系统对碳氮的去除转化与pH变化存在较大的相关性,且反硝化与亚硝化反应具有先后顺序.整个系统运行期间,pH上升过程的比COD去除速率是pH下降时的7～16倍,pH下降过程的比氨氧化速率(SAOR)是上升过程的1～20倍,当pH <6. 1,系统失去氨氧化能力.本试验过程中,C/N为4时该系统碳氮去除效率较其他工况最佳,3个污泥浓度下分别耗时480、350、300 min完成氨的转化及80%的COD去除.不同工况下,亚硝化反应在系统内的占比维持在50%以上,且NO-3-N浓度一直低于5 mg·L-1,表明该系统以亚硝化作用为主导.
pH is one of the most important means of control for the realization and stability of the nitrosation system. To study the change rule of pH values of the nitrosation system and the influence of pollution removal and transformation at different pH under the conditions of different C/N( 0,1,2,3,4) and sludge concentrations( sludge amount∶ water content was 1∶ 6,1∶ 3,1∶ 1),batch tests were conducted with tapered bottles using sodium acetate as the carbon source and inoculated with mature nitrosation sludge. The results showed that the higher the C/N,the higher the pH increment and the denitrification efficiency at the same sludge concentration.At the same C/N,a higher sludge concentration corresponded to a smaller pH increment but a higher denitrification efficiency. The removal and transformation of carbon and nitrogen was highly correlated with pH changes in the reaction system,and the denitrification and nitrosation reactions were in sequence. Throughout the operational period of the system,as pH increased,the specific organic matter removal rate was 7-16 times as much as when pH decreased. However,as pH decreased,the specific ammonia oxidation rate( SAOR) was 1-20 times that of when pH increased. When pH was less than 6. 1,the system lost its ability to oxidize ammonianitrogen. The highest removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in the system was achieved when C/N was 4. Ammonia transformation80% COD removal at the three sludge concentrations took 480,350,and 300 min,respectively. Under different conditions,the proportion of nitrosation in the system remained above 50% and the concentration of NO-3-N remained below 5 mg·L-1,which indicated that the system was dominated by nitrosation.
pH is one of the most important means of control for the realization and stability of the nitrosation system. To study the change rule of pH values of the nitrosation system and the influence of pollution removal and transformation at different pH under the conditions of different C/N( 0,1,2,3,4) and sludge concentrations( sludge amount∶ water content was 1∶ 6,1∶ 3,1∶ 1),batch tests were conducted with tapered bottles using sodium acetate as the carbon source and inoculated with mature nitrosation sludge. The results showed that the higher the C/N,the higher the pH increment and the denitrification efficiency at the same sludge concentration.At the same C/N,a higher sludge concentration corresponded to a smaller pH increment but a higher denitrification efficiency. The removal and transformation of carbon and nitrogen was highly correlated with pH changes in the reaction system,and the denitrification and nitrosation reactions were in sequence. Throughout the operational period of the system,as pH increased,the specific organic matter removal rate was 7-16 times as much as when pH decreased. However,as pH decreased,the specific ammonia oxidation rate( SAOR) was 1-20 times that of when pH increased. When pH was less than 6. 1,the system lost its ability to oxidize ammonianitrogen. The highest removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in the system was achieved when C/N was 4. Ammonia transformation80% COD removal at the three sludge concentrations took 480,350,and 300 min,respectively. Under different conditions,the proportion of nitrosation in the system remained above 50% and the concentration of NO-3-N remained below 5 mg·L-1,which indicated that the system was dominated by nitrosation.
引文
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[15]刘牡,史彦伟,刘甜甜,等.碳氮比对晚期垃圾渗滤液自养脱氮的影响[J].环境化学,2017,36(9):2033-2040.Liu M,Shi Y W,Liu T T,et al. Effects of C/N on the autotrophic nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(9):2033-2040.
[16]尹龙.碳源及C/N对SBR短程生物脱氮性能的影响[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2016.Yin L. Effects of different carbon sources and C/N on short-range denitrification[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2016.
[17]张宁博,李祥,黄勇. pH值对零价铁自养反硝化过程的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5208-5214.Zhang N B,Li X,Huang Y. Effect of pH value on autotrophic denitrification process of zero valent iron substrate[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5208-5214.
[18] Fumasoli A,Bürgmann H,Weissbrodt D G,et al. Growth of Nitrosococcus-related ammonia oxidizing bacteria coincides with extremely low pH values in wastewater with high ammonia content[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(12):6857-6866.
[19]陈重军,冯宇,汪瑶琪,等.厌氧氨氧化反应影响因素研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):346-352.Chen C J,Feng Y,Wang Y Q,et al. Research progress in influence factor of anammox reaction[J]. Ecology and Environment,2016,25(2):346-352.
[20]谭冲,刘颖杰,王薇,等.碳氮比对聚氨酯生物膜反应器短程硝化反硝化的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(10):3807-3813.Tan C,Liu Y J,Wang W,et al. Effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio on short-cut nitrification and denitrification of polyurethane biofilm reactor[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(10):3807-3813.
[21] Ding S Z,Bao P,Wang B,et al. Long-term stable simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process treating real domestic sewage using suspended activated sludge[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,339:180-188.
[22] Fontenot Q, Bonvillain C, Kilgen M, et al. Effects of temperature,salinity,and carbon:nitrogen ratio on sequencing batch reactor treating shrimp aquaculture wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(9):1700-1703.
[23]吴昌永,彭永臻,万春黎,等.碳源对EBPR代谢过程及微生物特性的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(7):1990-1994.Wu C Y,Peng Y Z,Wan C L,et al. Influence of carbon source on EBPR metabolism and microorganism communities[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(7):1990-1994.
[24] Wu Y F,Shen X L,Yuan Q P,et al. Metabolic engineering strategies for co-utilization of carbon sources in microbes[J].Bioengineering,2016,3(1):10.
[25] Zhang X Y,Zheng S K,Zhang H Y,et al. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification-anoxic denitrification dominated the anoxic/oxic sewage treatment process during optimization for higher loading rate and energy savings[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,263:84-93.
[26] Hosseinlou D,Sartaj M,Delatolla R. Simultaneous anaerobic oxidation/partial nitrification-denitrification for cost-effective and efficient removal of organic carbon and nitrogen from highly polluted streams[J]. Environmental Technology,2018,doi:10. 1080/09593330. 2018. 1438522.
[2]杨庆,杨玉兵,李健敏,等.短程硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化工艺处理低C/N比生活污水[J].化工学报,2018,69(8):3635-3642.Yang Q,Yang Y B,Li J M,et al. Partial nitrification coupled anaerobic ammonia oxidation process to treat low C/N domestic sewage[J]. CIESC Journal,2018,69(8):3635-3642.
[3]高大文,王淑莹,彭永臻,等.温度变化对DO和ORP作为过程控制参数的影响[J].环境科学,2003,24(1):63-69.Gao D W,Wang S Y,Peng Y Z,et al.Τemperature effects on DO and ORP in the wastewater treatment[J]. Environmental Science,2003,24(1):63-69.
[4] Wang C,Liu S T,Xu X C,et al. Role of cyclic diguanylate in affecting microbial community shifts at different pH during the operation of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification process[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,637-638:155-162.
[5] Yuan Y,Wang S Y,Liu Y,et al. Long-term effect of pH on short-chain fatty acids accumulation and microbial community in sludge fermentation systems[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,197:56-63.
[6]李鹏章,王淑莹,彭永臻,等. COD/N与pH值对短程硝化反硝化过程中N2O产生的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):2003-2009.Li P Z,Wang S Y,Peng Y Z,et al. Effect of COD/N ratios and pH on N2O production during nitrite denitrification process[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(8):2003-2009.
[7]张敏,汪瑶琪,姜滢,等.匹配厌氧氨氧化型亚硝化的调控过程研究进展[J].水处理技术,2018,44(5):7-12.Zhang M,Wang Y Q,Jiang Y,et al. The regulation process of nitrosation reaction of matching anaerobic ammonia oxidation process:a review[J]. Technology of Water Treatment,2018,44(5):7-12.
[8]龙北生,刘迅雷,刘红波,等.玉米淀粉废水短程硝化快速启动及其稳定性[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2756-2762.Long B S,Liu X L,Liu H B,et al. Shortcut nitrification rapid start and stability of corn starch wastewater[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2756-2762.
[9]王淑莹,顾升波,杨庆,等. SBR工艺实时控制策略研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(6):1121-1130.Wang S Y,Gu S B,Yang Q,et al. Research progress on realtime control strategies for sequencing batch reactors[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(6):1121-1130.
[10]郑照明,李军,杨京月,等.不同C/N比和碳源种类条件下的SNAD生物膜脱氮性能[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1331-1338.Zheng Z M, Li J, Yang J Y, et al. The nitrogen removal performance of the SNAD biofilm with different C/N ratios and carbon sources[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1331-1338.
[11]袁怡,黄勇,邓慧萍,等. C/N比对反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累的影响分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1416-1420.Yuan Y,Huang Y,Deng H P,et al. Effect of C/N ratio on nitrite accumulation during denitrification process[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1416-1420.
[12] APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater(19th ed.)[M]. Baltimore,MD:American Public Health Association,1995.
[13] She Z L,Zhao L T,Zhang X L,et al. Partial nitrification and denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor treating high-salinity wastewater[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,288:207-215.
[14]高景峰,彭永臻,王淑莹. SBR法反硝化模糊控制参数pH和ORP的变化规律[J].环境科学,2002,23(1):39-44.Gao J F,Peng Y Z,Wang S Y. Characters of fuzzy control parameters pH and ORP of denitrification in SBR process[J].Environmental Science,2002,23(1):39-44.
[15]刘牡,史彦伟,刘甜甜,等.碳氮比对晚期垃圾渗滤液自养脱氮的影响[J].环境化学,2017,36(9):2033-2040.Liu M,Shi Y W,Liu T T,et al. Effects of C/N on the autotrophic nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(9):2033-2040.
[16]尹龙.碳源及C/N对SBR短程生物脱氮性能的影响[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2016.Yin L. Effects of different carbon sources and C/N on short-range denitrification[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2016.
[17]张宁博,李祥,黄勇. pH值对零价铁自养反硝化过程的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5208-5214.Zhang N B,Li X,Huang Y. Effect of pH value on autotrophic denitrification process of zero valent iron substrate[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5208-5214.
[18] Fumasoli A,Bürgmann H,Weissbrodt D G,et al. Growth of Nitrosococcus-related ammonia oxidizing bacteria coincides with extremely low pH values in wastewater with high ammonia content[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(12):6857-6866.
[19]陈重军,冯宇,汪瑶琪,等.厌氧氨氧化反应影响因素研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):346-352.Chen C J,Feng Y,Wang Y Q,et al. Research progress in influence factor of anammox reaction[J]. Ecology and Environment,2016,25(2):346-352.
[20]谭冲,刘颖杰,王薇,等.碳氮比对聚氨酯生物膜反应器短程硝化反硝化的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(10):3807-3813.Tan C,Liu Y J,Wang W,et al. Effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio on short-cut nitrification and denitrification of polyurethane biofilm reactor[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(10):3807-3813.
[21] Ding S Z,Bao P,Wang B,et al. Long-term stable simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process treating real domestic sewage using suspended activated sludge[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,339:180-188.
[22] Fontenot Q, Bonvillain C, Kilgen M, et al. Effects of temperature,salinity,and carbon:nitrogen ratio on sequencing batch reactor treating shrimp aquaculture wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(9):1700-1703.
[23]吴昌永,彭永臻,万春黎,等.碳源对EBPR代谢过程及微生物特性的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(7):1990-1994.Wu C Y,Peng Y Z,Wan C L,et al. Influence of carbon source on EBPR metabolism and microorganism communities[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(7):1990-1994.
[24] Wu Y F,Shen X L,Yuan Q P,et al. Metabolic engineering strategies for co-utilization of carbon sources in microbes[J].Bioengineering,2016,3(1):10.
[25] Zhang X Y,Zheng S K,Zhang H Y,et al. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification-anoxic denitrification dominated the anoxic/oxic sewage treatment process during optimization for higher loading rate and energy savings[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,263:84-93.
[26] Hosseinlou D,Sartaj M,Delatolla R. Simultaneous anaerobic oxidation/partial nitrification-denitrification for cost-effective and efficient removal of organic carbon and nitrogen from highly polluted streams[J]. Environmental Technology,2018,doi:10. 1080/09593330. 2018. 1438522.
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