双排油轴向柱塞泵配流特性理论分析与试验
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摘要
通过改变缸体结构、柱塞数、端盖油路、配流盘形状等,设计了双排油内外环并联配流结构的轴向柱塞泵,实现了单柱塞泵两路高压供油。针对单环柱塞数减少,腔内压力冲击增大,脉动变大等问题,对配流结构进行重新设计。在排油腰形槽和吸油腰形槽过渡区取消卸荷槽,利用加大配错角,在排油完毕未接通吸油时,腔内封闭体积增大,未排尽的高压油液压力降低;在吸油腰形槽和排油腰形槽过渡区,排油卸荷槽利用阶梯变化通流面积代替原连续变化的通流面积,削弱了卸荷槽几何形状要求。重新设计后的双排油配流结构,以45 mL轴向柱塞泵结构为参考,对配流结构进行了理论分析,建立了双排油轴向柱塞泵仿真模型。以单柱塞腔内压力冲击、输出流量进行分析研究,得外环压力冲击小,与传统配流结构相比较双排油输出口压力脉动变化率变小,并试制双排油轴向柱塞泵。对试制泵进行压力脉动测试、容积效率测试和噪声测试,结果表明,与45 mL轴向柱塞泵进行对比,压力脉动降低了约30%,噪声也降低,容积效率不低于0.92。该双排油轴向柱塞泵可以代替双联泵,使系统结构简化,能耗降低。
When providing two-way independent high-pressure high-flow oil sources,hydraulic system generally adopts two separate piston pumps or coaxial ones in series,causing complex structure and high cost.Therefore,single piston pump was proposed to achieve two-way high-pressure oil supply.Axial piston pump was designed with dual discharging inter-outer ring parallel allocation structure by changing cylinder structure,piston number,cap circuit and valve plate shape.Flow allocation structure was redesigned due to decreased single ring piston number,increased pressure shock and fluctuation in the chamber.Relief notch was cancelled in transition region from oil-discharging to oil-absorbing waist slots.After that,mismatch angle was increased to enlarge closed volume in chamber and reduce the pressure of unexhausted high-pressure oil in the interval between oil extraction and absorption.In transition region from oil-absorbing to oil-discharging waist slots,stepped flow area was used to replace original continuous flow area to weaken geometry requirements of relief notch.The optimized dual discharging flow allocation structure was conducted with theoretical analysis to establish dual discharging axial piston pump simulation model based on 45 mL axial piston pump structure.There was small pressure shock in outer race by analyzing pressure shock and output flow in single piston chamber.Compared with traditional flow allocation structure,dual discharging oil output had smaller pressure fluctuation rate.Based on this,the designed dual discharging axial piston pump was piloted.The pilot dual discharging oil pump was compared with the original 45 mL pump through pressure fluctuation,volumetric efficiency and noisetests.Result showed that the former had lower pressure fluctuation(decreased by 30%) and noise level,while its volumetric efficiency was not smaller than 92%.In general,the dual discharging axial piston pump can replace duplex pump to simplify system structure and reduce energy consumption.This new pump can also be used in closed circuit and differential cylinder hydraulic systems to make the system simpler and cost-effective.
When providing two-way independent high-pressure high-flow oil sources,hydraulic system generally adopts two separate piston pumps or coaxial ones in series,causing complex structure and high cost.Therefore,single piston pump was proposed to achieve two-way high-pressure oil supply.Axial piston pump was designed with dual discharging inter-outer ring parallel allocation structure by changing cylinder structure,piston number,cap circuit and valve plate shape.Flow allocation structure was redesigned due to decreased single ring piston number,increased pressure shock and fluctuation in the chamber.Relief notch was cancelled in transition region from oil-discharging to oil-absorbing waist slots.After that,mismatch angle was increased to enlarge closed volume in chamber and reduce the pressure of unexhausted high-pressure oil in the interval between oil extraction and absorption.In transition region from oil-absorbing to oil-discharging waist slots,stepped flow area was used to replace original continuous flow area to weaken geometry requirements of relief notch.The optimized dual discharging flow allocation structure was conducted with theoretical analysis to establish dual discharging axial piston pump simulation model based on 45 mL axial piston pump structure.There was small pressure shock in outer race by analyzing pressure shock and output flow in single piston chamber.Compared with traditional flow allocation structure,dual discharging oil output had smaller pressure fluctuation rate.Based on this,the designed dual discharging axial piston pump was piloted.The pilot dual discharging oil pump was compared with the original 45 mL pump through pressure fluctuation,volumetric efficiency and noisetests.Result showed that the former had lower pressure fluctuation(decreased by 30%) and noise level,while its volumetric efficiency was not smaller than 92%.In general,the dual discharging axial piston pump can replace duplex pump to simplify system structure and reduce energy consumption.This new pump can also be used in closed circuit and differential cylinder hydraulic systems to make the system simpler and cost-effective.
引文
1闫政,权龙,张晓刚.电液比例变量泵动态特性仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):380-387.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160552&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.052.YAN Zheng,QUAN Long,ZHANG Xiaogang.Simulation and experimental research on dynamic characteristics of electro-hydraulic proportional variable pump[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):380-387.(in Chinese)
2 IVANTYSYNOVA M,HUANG C,CHRISTIANSEN S K.Computer aided valve plate design-an effective way to reduce noise[C].SAE Papers 2004-01-2621,2004.
3 LASAAR R,MONIKA I.Advanced gap design-basis for innovative displacement machines[C]∥Proceedings of 3rd International Fluidtechnisches Kolloquium,2002:215-230.
4 HUANG C,MONIKA I.A new approach to predict the load carrying ability of the gap between valve-plate and cylinder block[C]∥Proceedings of Bath Workshop on Power Transmission and Motion Control(PTMC),2003:225-239.
5 PETTERSSON M E,WEDDFELT K G,PALMBERG J O S.Methods of reducing flow ripple from fluid power pumps-a theoretical approach[J].SAE Transactions,1991,100(2):158-167.
6马吉恩,徐兵,杨华勇.轴向柱塞泵流动特性理论建模与试验分析[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(1):188-194.MA Jien,XU B,YANG Huayong.Modelling and experiment study on fluid character of axial piston pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(1):188-194.(in Chinese)
7 PAOLO C,ANDREA V,GERMANO F,et al.Modeling of fluid properties in hydraulic positive displacement machine[J].Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory,2006,14(8):1059-1072.
8张德胜,耿琳琳.轴流泵水力模型压力脉动和振动特性试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(6):66-72.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150610&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.06.010.ZHANG Desheng,GENG Linlin.Experimental investigation on pressure fluctuation and vibration in axial-flow pump model[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(6):66-72.(in Chinese)
9邢科礼,那成烈.轴向柱塞泵配流盘减振结构对压力特性的影响[J].甘肃工业大学学报,1995,21(3):35-39.XING Keli,NA Chenglie.Influence of damping configuration on valve plate of axial piston pump on the pressure characteristics[J].Journal of Gansu University of Technology,1995,21(3):35-39.(in Chinese)
10邢科礼,那成烈.轴向柱塞泵配流盘减振结构对压力流量的影响[J].机械研究与应用,1997,10(1):10-13.XING Keli,NA Chenglie.Influence of damping configuration on valve plate of axial piston pump on the pressure and flow characteristics[J].Mechanical Research&Application,1997,10(1):10-13.(in Chinese)
11凌鹏,权龙,黄伟男.配流盘结构对轴向柱塞泵压力流量特性影响的参数化研究[J].液压与气动,2013(12):89-92.LING Peng,QUAN Long,HUANG Weinan.The parameterization study on the influence of valve plate structure on the pressure and flow characteristic of axial piston pump[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2013(12):89-92.(in Chinese)
12杨阳,权龙,杨敬.轴向柱塞泵非止点配流窗口过渡区压力脉动特性分析[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(24):128-134.YANG Yang,QUAN Long,YANG Jing.Pressure pulsation characteristic analysis of the non-dead spots transition zone between flow distribution windows of axial piston pump[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(24):128-134.(in Chinese)
13闫政,权龙,黄家海.变转速变排量双控轴向柱塞泵脉动特性及噪声研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(16):176-184.YAN Zheng,QUAN Long,HUANG Jiahai.Characteristics of pulsation and noise in the axial piston pump with displacement and speed compound control[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(16):176-184.(in Chinese)
14 IVANTYSYNOVA M G S,Huang C.Comparison of different valve plate designs focusing on oscillating forces and flow pulsation[C]∥The 9th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power,2005.
15 SEENIRAJ G K,IVANTYSYNOVA M.Impact of valve plate design on noise,volumetric efficiency and control effort in an axial piston pump[C]∥ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition,2006:77-84.
16 HELGESTAD B O,FOSTER K,BANNISTER F K.Pressure transients in an axial piston hydraulic pump[J].ARCHIVE:Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1974,188(1974):189-199.
17 EDGE K A,DARLING J.Cylinder pressure transients in oil hydraulic pumps with sliding plate valves[J].Proc.IMech E,Part B:Journal of Engineering Manufacture,1986,200(1):45-54.
18 KIM J K,KIM H E,JUNG J Y,et al.Relation between pressure variations and noise in axial type oil piston pumps[J].KSMSInternational Journal,2004,18(6):1019-1025.
19 GUAN C,JIAO Z,HE S.Theoretical study of flow ripple for an aviation axial-piston pump with damping holes in the valve plate[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2014,27(1):169-181.
20 HARRIS R M,EDGE K A,TILLEY D G.Reduction of piston pump cavitation by means of pre-expansion volume[C]∥Proceedings of 5th Bath International Fluid Power Workshop,1992:1-3.
21 MA J,FANG Y,XU B,et al.Optimization of cross angle based on the pumping dynamics model[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A,2010,11(3):181-190.
22 CHO J,ZHANG X,MANRING N D,et al.Dynamic modelling and parametric studies of an indexing valve plate pump[J].International Journal of Fluid Power,2002,3(3):37-48.
23 EDGE K A.Designing quieter hydraulic systems-some recent developments and contributions[C]∥Proceedings of the 4th JHPSInternational Symposium,1999:3-27.
2 IVANTYSYNOVA M,HUANG C,CHRISTIANSEN S K.Computer aided valve plate design-an effective way to reduce noise[C].SAE Papers 2004-01-2621,2004.
3 LASAAR R,MONIKA I.Advanced gap design-basis for innovative displacement machines[C]∥Proceedings of 3rd International Fluidtechnisches Kolloquium,2002:215-230.
4 HUANG C,MONIKA I.A new approach to predict the load carrying ability of the gap between valve-plate and cylinder block[C]∥Proceedings of Bath Workshop on Power Transmission and Motion Control(PTMC),2003:225-239.
5 PETTERSSON M E,WEDDFELT K G,PALMBERG J O S.Methods of reducing flow ripple from fluid power pumps-a theoretical approach[J].SAE Transactions,1991,100(2):158-167.
6马吉恩,徐兵,杨华勇.轴向柱塞泵流动特性理论建模与试验分析[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(1):188-194.MA Jien,XU B,YANG Huayong.Modelling and experiment study on fluid character of axial piston pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(1):188-194.(in Chinese)
7 PAOLO C,ANDREA V,GERMANO F,et al.Modeling of fluid properties in hydraulic positive displacement machine[J].Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory,2006,14(8):1059-1072.
8张德胜,耿琳琳.轴流泵水力模型压力脉动和振动特性试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(6):66-72.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150610&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.06.010.ZHANG Desheng,GENG Linlin.Experimental investigation on pressure fluctuation and vibration in axial-flow pump model[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(6):66-72.(in Chinese)
9邢科礼,那成烈.轴向柱塞泵配流盘减振结构对压力特性的影响[J].甘肃工业大学学报,1995,21(3):35-39.XING Keli,NA Chenglie.Influence of damping configuration on valve plate of axial piston pump on the pressure characteristics[J].Journal of Gansu University of Technology,1995,21(3):35-39.(in Chinese)
10邢科礼,那成烈.轴向柱塞泵配流盘减振结构对压力流量的影响[J].机械研究与应用,1997,10(1):10-13.XING Keli,NA Chenglie.Influence of damping configuration on valve plate of axial piston pump on the pressure and flow characteristics[J].Mechanical Research&Application,1997,10(1):10-13.(in Chinese)
11凌鹏,权龙,黄伟男.配流盘结构对轴向柱塞泵压力流量特性影响的参数化研究[J].液压与气动,2013(12):89-92.LING Peng,QUAN Long,HUANG Weinan.The parameterization study on the influence of valve plate structure on the pressure and flow characteristic of axial piston pump[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2013(12):89-92.(in Chinese)
12杨阳,权龙,杨敬.轴向柱塞泵非止点配流窗口过渡区压力脉动特性分析[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(24):128-134.YANG Yang,QUAN Long,YANG Jing.Pressure pulsation characteristic analysis of the non-dead spots transition zone between flow distribution windows of axial piston pump[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(24):128-134.(in Chinese)
13闫政,权龙,黄家海.变转速变排量双控轴向柱塞泵脉动特性及噪声研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(16):176-184.YAN Zheng,QUAN Long,HUANG Jiahai.Characteristics of pulsation and noise in the axial piston pump with displacement and speed compound control[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(16):176-184.(in Chinese)
14 IVANTYSYNOVA M G S,Huang C.Comparison of different valve plate designs focusing on oscillating forces and flow pulsation[C]∥The 9th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power,2005.
15 SEENIRAJ G K,IVANTYSYNOVA M.Impact of valve plate design on noise,volumetric efficiency and control effort in an axial piston pump[C]∥ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition,2006:77-84.
16 HELGESTAD B O,FOSTER K,BANNISTER F K.Pressure transients in an axial piston hydraulic pump[J].ARCHIVE:Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1974,188(1974):189-199.
17 EDGE K A,DARLING J.Cylinder pressure transients in oil hydraulic pumps with sliding plate valves[J].Proc.IMech E,Part B:Journal of Engineering Manufacture,1986,200(1):45-54.
18 KIM J K,KIM H E,JUNG J Y,et al.Relation between pressure variations and noise in axial type oil piston pumps[J].KSMSInternational Journal,2004,18(6):1019-1025.
19 GUAN C,JIAO Z,HE S.Theoretical study of flow ripple for an aviation axial-piston pump with damping holes in the valve plate[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2014,27(1):169-181.
20 HARRIS R M,EDGE K A,TILLEY D G.Reduction of piston pump cavitation by means of pre-expansion volume[C]∥Proceedings of 5th Bath International Fluid Power Workshop,1992:1-3.
21 MA J,FANG Y,XU B,et al.Optimization of cross angle based on the pumping dynamics model[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A,2010,11(3):181-190.
22 CHO J,ZHANG X,MANRING N D,et al.Dynamic modelling and parametric studies of an indexing valve plate pump[J].International Journal of Fluid Power,2002,3(3):37-48.
23 EDGE K A.Designing quieter hydraulic systems-some recent developments and contributions[C]∥Proceedings of the 4th JHPSInternational Symposium,1999:3-27.
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