不同杀菌剂防治小麦赤霉病及减少籽粒中DON毒素积累的效果
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摘要
为明确不同杀菌剂防治小麦赤霉病和减少小麦籽粒中DON(脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇)毒素积累的效果,于大田人工接菌条件下进行了不同杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病的防治试验,并于收获期测定了不同药剂处理的小麦籽粒中DON毒素含量。结果表明:两种处理方式下,50%多菌灵WP,30%多·酮SC,25%戊唑醇WP,25%氰烯菌酯SC和70%甲基硫菌灵WP处理中,除先喷药后接菌条件下25%戊唑醇WP在病粒率和籽粒中DON积累上没有显著防治效果,接菌后1d喷药条件下50%多菌灵WP、25%戊唑醇WP在病粒率上没有显著防治效果;30%多·酮SC在病粒率和籽粒中DON积累上没有显著防治效果外,各处理对小麦的病穗率、病情指数、病粒率和籽粒中DON积累都有显著的防治效果(P<0.05)。各处理的病穗率防效在42.4%~83.5%,病情指数防效在44.9%~88.2%,病粒率防效在34.7%~69.4%,籽粒中DON防效在48.0%~86.9%。上述几种杀菌剂具有明显的保护作用,其在先喷药后接菌条件下的防治效果均明显优于接菌后1d喷药的防治效果。两种处理方式下,30%己唑醇悬浮剂、25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂和12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂处理在病穗率、病情指数、病粒率和籽粒中DON积累与清水对照处理没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。
The control effect of different fungicides against Fusarium head blight were evaluated by spraying on the surface of plant before or after inoculation with Fusarium graminearum in the field.Deoxynivalenol(DON)concentration in kernel were also determined after the wheat harvest.The results revealed that tebuconzole 25%WP treatment had no significant control effect on disease kernel rate and DON content under the condition of treated before inoculation;tebuconzole 25% WP,carbendazim·triadimefon30% SC,and carbendazim50% WP treatment had no significant control effect on disease kernel rate under the condition of treated after inoculation,and there was no significant control effect of carbendazim·triadimefon30% SC treatment on DON accumulation in grains.Except the above-mentioned situation,phenamacril 25% SC,tebuconzole 25% WP,carbendazim·triadimefon 30% SC,carbendazim50% WP,and thiophanate-methyl 70% WP could significantly reduce the percentage of diseased ear and kernel,disease index and DON content.The control effect was 42.4%-83.5% for diseased ear rate,44.9%-88.2%for disease index,34.7%-69.4%for disease kernel rate and48.0%-86.9%for DON content.The diseased ear rate,disease kernel rate,disease index and DON content of wheat treated by hexaconazole 30% SC,azoxystrobin25% SC and diniconazole 12.5% WP had no significant difference with those of the control(P>0.05)under both treatment ways.
The control effect of different fungicides against Fusarium head blight were evaluated by spraying on the surface of plant before or after inoculation with Fusarium graminearum in the field.Deoxynivalenol(DON)concentration in kernel were also determined after the wheat harvest.The results revealed that tebuconzole 25%WP treatment had no significant control effect on disease kernel rate and DON content under the condition of treated before inoculation;tebuconzole 25% WP,carbendazim·triadimefon30% SC,and carbendazim50% WP treatment had no significant control effect on disease kernel rate under the condition of treated after inoculation,and there was no significant control effect of carbendazim·triadimefon30% SC treatment on DON accumulation in grains.Except the above-mentioned situation,phenamacril 25% SC,tebuconzole 25% WP,carbendazim·triadimefon 30% SC,carbendazim50% WP,and thiophanate-methyl 70% WP could significantly reduce the percentage of diseased ear and kernel,disease index and DON content.The control effect was 42.4%-83.5% for diseased ear rate,44.9%-88.2%for disease index,34.7%-69.4%for disease kernel rate and48.0%-86.9%for DON content.The diseased ear rate,disease kernel rate,disease index and DON content of wheat treated by hexaconazole 30% SC,azoxystrobin25% SC and diniconazole 12.5% WP had no significant difference with those of the control(P>0.05)under both treatment ways.
引文
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[5]徐飞,杨共强,宋玉立,等.不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性和麦穗组织中DON毒素积累分析[J].植物病理学报,2014,44(6):651-657.
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[9]樊平声,周明国,陈长军,等.DON毒素作为小麦赤霉病损失率评估及防治指标的研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2015,34(5):81-85.
[10]王恒亮,郭艳春,穆长安,等.不同杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病和赤霉病的防治效果[J].植物保护,2017,43(1):193-198.
[11]丁治军,葛玉林,黄付根,等.防治小麦赤霉病的药剂筛选研究[J].现代农药,2013(4):53-54.
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[13]孙光忠,彭超美,刘元明,等.不同杀菌剂防治小麦赤霉病试验研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(1):81-83.
[14]ZADOKS J C,CHANG T T,KONZAK C F.A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals[J].Weed Research,1974,14(6):415-421.
[15]刁亚梅,陈培红,许德华,等.25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂防治小麦赤霉病大田示范试验[J].现代农药,2012,11(3):44-46.
[16]李恒奎,周明国,王建新,等.氰烯菌酯防治小麦赤霉病及治理多菌灵抗药性研究[J].农药,2006,45(2):92-94.
[17]陆道训,秦华宝,赵立军,等.70%甲基硫菌灵WP防治小麦赤霉病的药效研究[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(11):8.
[18]孔祥英,马鸿翔,张旭,等.戊唑醇对小麦赤霉病的田间防治和增产效果[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(4):64-67.
[19]纪莉景,栗秋生,王连生,等.戊唑醇防治小麦赤霉病施药时期及安全性评价[J].植物保护,2017,43(3):203-206.
[20]范东晟,许烨,冯安荣,等.六种药剂对小麦赤霉病防治效果试验[J].陕西农业科学,2015,61(3):4-5.
[21]ZHANG Y J,FAN P S,ZHANG X,et al.Quantification of Fusarium graminearum in harvested grain by real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess efficacies of fungicides on Fusarium head blight,deoxynivalenol contamination,and yield of winter wheat[J].Phytopathology,2009,99(1):95-100.
[22]刁亚梅,周明国,王建新,等.48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂防治小麦赤霉病的开发[J].农药,2012,51(5):375-376.
[2]LARSEN J C,HUNT J,PERRIN I,et al.Workshop on trichothecenes with a focus on DON:summary report[J].Toxicology Letters,2004,153(1):1-22.
[3]TANAKA T,HASEGAWA A,YAMAMOTO S,et al.Worldwide contamination of cereals by the Fusarium mycotoxins nivalenol,deoxynivalenol,and zearalenone.1.Survey of 19countries[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1988,36(5):979-983.
[4]SUI K,LI J,WEI F,et al.Determination of deoxynivalenol in cereal grains by high performance liquid chromatography and verified by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2005,33(11):1643-1646.
[5]徐飞,杨共强,宋玉立,等.不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性和麦穗组织中DON毒素积累分析[J].植物病理学报,2014,44(6):651-657.
[6]BAI Guihua,SHANER G.Management and resistance in wheat and barley to Fusarium head blight[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2004,42(1):135-161.
[7]徐飞,杨共强,王俊美,等.河南省小麦赤霉病菌种群组成及致病力分化[J].植物病理学报,2016,46(3):294-303.
[8]BAI Guihua,SHANER G.Scab of wheat:prospects for control[J].Plant Disease,1994,78(8):760-766.
[9]樊平声,周明国,陈长军,等.DON毒素作为小麦赤霉病损失率评估及防治指标的研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2015,34(5):81-85.
[10]王恒亮,郭艳春,穆长安,等.不同杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病和赤霉病的防治效果[J].植物保护,2017,43(1):193-198.
[11]丁治军,葛玉林,黄付根,等.防治小麦赤霉病的药剂筛选研究[J].现代农药,2013(4):53-54.
[12]江涛,陈碧莲,王晓芳,等.5种杀菌剂防治小麦赤霉病田间药效分析[J].上海农业科技,2013(1):121-122.
[13]孙光忠,彭超美,刘元明,等.不同杀菌剂防治小麦赤霉病试验研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(1):81-83.
[14]ZADOKS J C,CHANG T T,KONZAK C F.A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals[J].Weed Research,1974,14(6):415-421.
[15]刁亚梅,陈培红,许德华,等.25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂防治小麦赤霉病大田示范试验[J].现代农药,2012,11(3):44-46.
[16]李恒奎,周明国,王建新,等.氰烯菌酯防治小麦赤霉病及治理多菌灵抗药性研究[J].农药,2006,45(2):92-94.
[17]陆道训,秦华宝,赵立军,等.70%甲基硫菌灵WP防治小麦赤霉病的药效研究[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(11):8.
[18]孔祥英,马鸿翔,张旭,等.戊唑醇对小麦赤霉病的田间防治和增产效果[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(4):64-67.
[19]纪莉景,栗秋生,王连生,等.戊唑醇防治小麦赤霉病施药时期及安全性评价[J].植物保护,2017,43(3):203-206.
[20]范东晟,许烨,冯安荣,等.六种药剂对小麦赤霉病防治效果试验[J].陕西农业科学,2015,61(3):4-5.
[21]ZHANG Y J,FAN P S,ZHANG X,et al.Quantification of Fusarium graminearum in harvested grain by real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess efficacies of fungicides on Fusarium head blight,deoxynivalenol contamination,and yield of winter wheat[J].Phytopathology,2009,99(1):95-100.
[22]刁亚梅,周明国,王建新,等.48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂防治小麦赤霉病的开发[J].农药,2012,51(5):375-376.
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