四川盆地侏罗系湖相页岩油气地质特征及勘探开发新认识
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摘要
近年来,中石油、中石化、壳牌等国内外能源公司相继对四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段湖相页岩开展了油气勘探工作。为了有效地指导湖相页岩油气的相关勘探开发工作,针对该盆地侏罗系湖相油气资源量与储量不匹配、致密储层物性与油气产量不匹配等矛盾,综合岩心、露头、钻井、测井、试油、分析化验等资料,对侏罗系湖相油气系统开展了页岩油气地质特征、勘探开发对象等方面的研究工作。研究结果表明:①四川盆地侏罗系发育自流井组东岳庙段、大安寨段以及凉高山组上段共计3套优质页岩层系,具有源储一体、源储紧邻的特点,是典型的页岩油气发育层系,其中又以大安寨段为典型代表;②大安寨段页岩层系具有有机质含量高、有机质类型好、热演化程度适中、生烃能力强、页岩物性好、储集性能优、脆性矿物含量高、源储配置关系好、页岩厚度大、含油气性好等特征,是典型的页岩油气藏;③通过对大安寨段万吨井的解剖以及页岩有机质含量、热解参数、储层物性等试验数据揭示,该页岩油气藏存在着页岩与介壳灰岩两类储层的油气补给,并且前者的补给能力可能更强,故而页岩层系是侏罗系湖相页岩油气储量有效动用的主要对象;④基于目前的新认识,以页岩油气为勘探对象,通过非常规油气的技术手段,采用水平井+体积压裂技术,该层系一定会取得新的油气勘探突破。结论认为,该项研究成果可以为四川盆地侏罗系湖相页岩油气的资源发现以及储量有效动用等提供理论和技术支撑。
Oil and gas exploration has been successively developed in the lacustrine shale of the Da'anzhai Member of the Jurassic Ziliujin Fm in the Sichuan Basin by many companies at home and abroad such as PetroChina, Sinopec, Shell, etc. However, there are still doubts about why the proved reserves is out of proportion to the rich hydrocarbon resources and the oil and gas yield rates unmatched with the tight petrophysical properties of the reservoirs in this study area. In view of this, in combination with cores, outcrops, drilling,logging, oil test, geochemical analysis data, we made research on geological characteristics and exploration targets of shale oil & gas in this study area. The following findings were obtained.(1) Three sets of quality shale layers including the Dongyuemiao, Da'anzhai members in the Ziliujing Fm, and the upper member of Lianggaoshan Fm, are featured by source–reservoir integration and tight connection,among which the Da'anzhai member is typical of well-developed shale reservoirs.(2) The Da'anzhai shale reservoir has such characteristics as high content of organic matters and brittle minerals, moderate thermal evolution degree, strong hydrocarbon generation capacity,good petrophysical behaviors, favorable storage property, good source–reservoir relationship, great thickness, good hydrocarbon-bearing property, and so on.(3) Many test data in detail from a successful well in the Da'anzhai member such as organic matter content, pyrolytic parameter, petrophysical properties, etc., demonstrated that oil and gas supply is quite enough for both shale and crustal limestone reservoirs there, and the former ones are so much stronger that the Da'anzhai is the main target of effective utilization of lacustrine shale oil and gas reserves in the Jurassic strata.(4) Based upon the current new understandings, technical measures for unconventional hydrocarbon resources like horizontal wells and volumetric fracturing, should be adopted to explore shale oil and gas resources in this study area,which will be hopefully succeeded. In conclusion, this paper provides a theoretic and technical support for new discoveries and effective utilization of reserves in this study area.
Oil and gas exploration has been successively developed in the lacustrine shale of the Da'anzhai Member of the Jurassic Ziliujin Fm in the Sichuan Basin by many companies at home and abroad such as PetroChina, Sinopec, Shell, etc. However, there are still doubts about why the proved reserves is out of proportion to the rich hydrocarbon resources and the oil and gas yield rates unmatched with the tight petrophysical properties of the reservoirs in this study area. In view of this, in combination with cores, outcrops, drilling,logging, oil test, geochemical analysis data, we made research on geological characteristics and exploration targets of shale oil & gas in this study area. The following findings were obtained.(1) Three sets of quality shale layers including the Dongyuemiao, Da'anzhai members in the Ziliujing Fm, and the upper member of Lianggaoshan Fm, are featured by source–reservoir integration and tight connection,among which the Da'anzhai member is typical of well-developed shale reservoirs.(2) The Da'anzhai shale reservoir has such characteristics as high content of organic matters and brittle minerals, moderate thermal evolution degree, strong hydrocarbon generation capacity,good petrophysical behaviors, favorable storage property, good source–reservoir relationship, great thickness, good hydrocarbon-bearing property, and so on.(3) Many test data in detail from a successful well in the Da'anzhai member such as organic matter content, pyrolytic parameter, petrophysical properties, etc., demonstrated that oil and gas supply is quite enough for both shale and crustal limestone reservoirs there, and the former ones are so much stronger that the Da'anzhai is the main target of effective utilization of lacustrine shale oil and gas reserves in the Jurassic strata.(4) Based upon the current new understandings, technical measures for unconventional hydrocarbon resources like horizontal wells and volumetric fracturing, should be adopted to explore shale oil and gas resources in this study area,which will be hopefully succeeded. In conclusion, this paper provides a theoretic and technical support for new discoveries and effective utilization of reserves in this study area.
引文
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[2]梁狄刚,冉隆辉,戴弹申,何自新,欧阳健,廖群山,等.四川盆地中北部侏罗系大面积非常规石油勘探潜力的再认识[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):8-17.Liang Digang,Ran Longhui,Dai Danshen,He Zixin,Ouyang Jian,Liao Qunshan,et al.A re-recognition of the prospecting potential of Jurassic large-area and non-conventional oils in the central-northern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):8-17.
[3]杨光,黄东,黄平辉,闫伟鹏,杨天泉,戴鸿鸣,等.四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段致密油高产稳产主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(5):817-826.Yang Guang,Huang Dong,Huang Pinghui,Yan Weipeng,Yang Tianquan,Dai Hongming,et al.Control factors of high and stable production of Jurassic Da'anzhai Member tight oil in central Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(5):817-826.
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[7]李军,王世谦.四川盆地平昌-阆中地区侏罗系油气成藏主控因素与勘探对策[J].天然气工业,2010,30(3):16-21.Li Jun&Wang Shiqian.The main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation in the Jurassic of Pingchang-Langzhong area in the Sichuan Basin and its exploration strategies[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(3):16-21.
[8]王世谦,胡素云,董大忠.川东侏罗系--四川盆地亟待重视的一个致密油气新领域[J].天然气工业,2012,32(12):22-29.Wang Shiqian,Hu Suyun&Dong Dazhong.Jurassic tight oil&gas resources in East Sichuan Basin:A new exploration target[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(12):22-29.
[9]柳妮,林良彪,陈洪德,张宗斌,赵梦莹.四川盆地川西北地区侏罗系自流井组大安寨段页岩气聚集条件[J].中国地质,2014,41(5):1664-1672.Liu Ni,Lin Liangbiao,Chen Hongde,Zhang Zongbin&Zhao Mengying.Shale gas accumulation conditions in Da'anzhai Member of Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in the northwest of Sichuan Basin[J].Geology in China,2014,41(5):1664-1672
[10]李延钧,冯媛媛,刘欢,张烈辉,赵圣贤.四川盆地湖相页岩气地质特征与资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(4):423-428.Li Yanjun,Feng Yuanyuan,Liu Huan,Zhang Liehui&Zhao Shengxian.Geological characteristics and resource potential of lacustrine shale gas in the Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(4):423-428.
[11]郭旭升,胡东风,李宇平,魏祥峰,刘若冰,刘珠江,等.海相和湖相页岩气富集机理分析与思考:以四川盆地龙马溪组和自流井组大安寨段为例[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):18-28.Guo Xusheng,Hu Dongfeng,Li Yuping,Wei Xiangfeng,Liu Ruobing,Liu Zhujiang,et al.Analyses and thoughts on accumulation mechanisms of marine and lacustrine shale gas:A case study in shales of Longmaxi Formation and Da'anzhai section of Ziliujing Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):18-28.
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[13]卢双舫,黄文彪,陈方文,李吉君,王民,薛海涛,等.页岩油气资源分级评价标准探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):249-256.Lu Shuangfang,Huang Wenbiao,Chen Fangwen,Li Jijun,Wang Min,Xue Haitao,et al.Classification and evaluation criteria of shale oil and gas resources:Discussion and application[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):249-256.
[14]邹才能,张国生,杨智,陶士振,侯连华,朱如凯,等.非常规油气概念、特征、潜力及技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(4):385-399.Zou Caineng,Zhang Guosheng,Yang Zhi,Tao Shizhen,Hou Lianhua,Zhu Rukai,et al.Geological concepts,characteristics,resource potential and key techniques of unconventional hydrocarbon:On unconventional petroleum geology[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(4):385-399.
[15]贾承造,邹才能,李建忠,李登华,郑民.中国致密油评价标准、主要类型、基本特征及资源前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):343-350.Jia Chengzao,Zou Caineng,Li Jianzhong,Li Denghua&Zheng Min.Assessment criteria,main types,basic features and resource prospects of the tight oil in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):343-350.
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