日粮肉碱和脂肪水平对鲤鱼生长性能、血液生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响
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摘要
文章旨在研究不同脂肪水平日粮添加L-肉碱对鲤鱼生长性能、血液生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响。试验选择初始体重为(22.60±0.15 g)的鲤鱼180条,随机分为6组,每组3个鱼缸,每个鱼缸10条鱼。试验日粮采用6因子[2(5%和10%脂肪水平)×3(0、0.5和1 g/kg L-肉碱)]设计,试验共进行10周,包括2周适应期。结果 :各处理组对鲤鱼末重、相对生长速率、生长率、饲料利用率和外形指数均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。高脂肪日粮组添加1 g/kg肉碱较其他组显著降低了鲤鱼机体脂肪和灰分含量(P <0.05),同时10%脂肪日粮添加1 g/kg肉碱组鲤鱼蛋白质含量最高(P <0.05)。10%脂肪水平组血浆甘油三酯含量显著低于5%脂肪水平组(P <0.05);日粮肉碱和脂肪水平对血浆葡萄糖、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白含量具有显著的交互效应(P <0.05)。10%脂肪水平添加1 g/kg肉碱组较其他组显著提高了血浆SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活力(P <0.05),同时显著降低了血浆MDA含量(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮脂肪和肉碱水平对鲤鱼体成分、血液生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响具有显著交互效应,其中10%脂肪水平日粮添加1 g/kg L-肉碱可以改善鲤鱼机体体组成,降低脂质过氧化水平。
This study was conducted to evaluate the different levels of fat in diets supplementation of L-carnitine on growth performance,blood biochemical indices and antioxidant capacity of carp. A total of 180 carps with the initial body weight 22.60±0.15 g were randomly allotted to 6 groups with 3 replicates of 10 carps. The diets were designed by 2 fat levels(5% and 10%)plus 3 carnitine levels(0,0.5 and 1.0 g/kg),and this trial last 10 w including 2 week adaption period. Results showed that Final weight,weight gain percent,feed ef?ciency,protein ef?ciency ratio and condition factor of ?sh fed all diets were not signi?cantly(P >0.05)different among different groups. The use of 1 g/kg L-carnitine had lower in lipid and ash content of ?sh at the high level of dietary lipid than other groups(P <0.05). The protein content of ?sh fed the diet including10% fat and 1 g/kg L-carnitine was signi?cantly increased compared with other groups(P <0.05). There was signi?cant interaction between dietary L-carnitine and lipid levels on glucose,cholesterol,low density lipid protein and high density lipid protein concentrations(P <0.05). Dietary L-carnitine was elevated enzymatic antioxidants(superoxide dismutase,SOD;catalase,CAT and glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)(P <0.05),while decreased malondialdehyde(MDA)concentrations in ?sh fed 10% fat diets supplementation 1 g/kg carnitine. In conclusion,we found that there are signi?cant interaction between supplemental dietary L-carnitine and fat levels in the body composition,blood biochemical parameters and activity of enzymatic antioxidants,using 1 g/kg L-carnitine is essential for improving body composition and decreasing lipid peroxidation in carp fed with 10% fat diets.
This study was conducted to evaluate the different levels of fat in diets supplementation of L-carnitine on growth performance,blood biochemical indices and antioxidant capacity of carp. A total of 180 carps with the initial body weight 22.60±0.15 g were randomly allotted to 6 groups with 3 replicates of 10 carps. The diets were designed by 2 fat levels(5% and 10%)plus 3 carnitine levels(0,0.5 and 1.0 g/kg),and this trial last 10 w including 2 week adaption period. Results showed that Final weight,weight gain percent,feed ef?ciency,protein ef?ciency ratio and condition factor of ?sh fed all diets were not signi?cantly(P >0.05)different among different groups. The use of 1 g/kg L-carnitine had lower in lipid and ash content of ?sh at the high level of dietary lipid than other groups(P <0.05). The protein content of ?sh fed the diet including10% fat and 1 g/kg L-carnitine was signi?cantly increased compared with other groups(P <0.05). There was signi?cant interaction between dietary L-carnitine and lipid levels on glucose,cholesterol,low density lipid protein and high density lipid protein concentrations(P <0.05). Dietary L-carnitine was elevated enzymatic antioxidants(superoxide dismutase,SOD;catalase,CAT and glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)(P <0.05),while decreased malondialdehyde(MDA)concentrations in ?sh fed 10% fat diets supplementation 1 g/kg carnitine. In conclusion,we found that there are signi?cant interaction between supplemental dietary L-carnitine and fat levels in the body composition,blood biochemical parameters and activity of enzymatic antioxidants,using 1 g/kg L-carnitine is essential for improving body composition and decreasing lipid peroxidation in carp fed with 10% fat diets.
引文
[1]Bell F P,Vidmar T J,Raymond T L. L-Carnitine administration and withdraw affect plasma and hepatic carnitine concentrations,plasma lipid and lipoprotein composition,and in vitro hepatic lipogenesis from labelled mevalonate and oleate in normal rabbits[J].J Nutr,1992,122:959~966.
[2]Cowey C B. Some effects of nutrition on flesh quality of cultured fish[M].In:Fish Nutrition in Practice,Proceedings of the IV International Symposium Fish Nutrition and Feeding,Les Colloques61. INRA Editions,Paris,1993,227~236.
[3]Dias J,Arzel J,Corraze G et al. Effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth and lipid metabolism in European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax)[J].Aquac Res,2001,32:206~215.
[4]Du Z U,Clouet P,Zheng W H et al. Biochemical hepatic alterations and body lipid composition in the herbivorous grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)fed high-fat diets[J].Br J Nutr,2006,95:905~915.
[5]Harpaz S. L-Carnitine and its attributed functions in fish culture and nutrition-a review[J]. Aquaculture,2005,249:3~21.
[6]King,J.M.,Dew,T.,2003.Catfishoff-flavorsandtheir elimination. In:Rimando,A.M.,Schrader,K.K.(Eds.),Offflavors in Aquaculture. American Chemistry Society,Washington,DC,USA,pp. 31~43.
[7]Ma J J,Xu Z R,Shao Q J et al. Effect of dietary supplemental L-carnitineongrowthperformance,bodycompositionand antioxidant status in juvenile black sea beram,Sparus macrocephalus[J]. Aquac Nutr,2008,14:464~471.
[8]Mohseni M,Ozorio R O. Effects of dietary L-carnitine level on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant status beluga(Huso huso L. 1758)[J].Aquac Nutr,2014,20:477~485.
[9]Ozorio R O. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation to cultivated fish:a mini-review[J]. Curr Nutr Food Sci,2009,5:40~48.
[10]Rebouche C J. Carnitine function and requirements during the life cycle[J]. FASEB J,1992,6:3379~3386.
[11]WangQ,JuX,ChenYetal.EffectsofL-carnitine against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in grass carp ovary cells(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J]. Fish Physiol Biochem,2016,42:845~857.
[12]Yang S D,Wen Y C,Liuo C H et al. Influence of dietary L-carnitine on growth,biological traits and meat quality in tilapia[J].Aquac Res,2009,40:1374~1382.
[13]Yang S D,Liu F G,Liou C H. Effects of dietary L-carnitine,plant proteins and lipid levels on growth performance,body composition,blood traits and muscular carnitine status in juvenile silver perch(Bidyanus bidyanus)[J]. Aqua,2012,342~343:48~55.
[2]Cowey C B. Some effects of nutrition on flesh quality of cultured fish[M].In:Fish Nutrition in Practice,Proceedings of the IV International Symposium Fish Nutrition and Feeding,Les Colloques61. INRA Editions,Paris,1993,227~236.
[3]Dias J,Arzel J,Corraze G et al. Effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth and lipid metabolism in European seabass(Dicentrarchus labrax)[J].Aquac Res,2001,32:206~215.
[4]Du Z U,Clouet P,Zheng W H et al. Biochemical hepatic alterations and body lipid composition in the herbivorous grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)fed high-fat diets[J].Br J Nutr,2006,95:905~915.
[5]Harpaz S. L-Carnitine and its attributed functions in fish culture and nutrition-a review[J]. Aquaculture,2005,249:3~21.
[6]King,J.M.,Dew,T.,2003.Catfishoff-flavorsandtheir elimination. In:Rimando,A.M.,Schrader,K.K.(Eds.),Offflavors in Aquaculture. American Chemistry Society,Washington,DC,USA,pp. 31~43.
[7]Ma J J,Xu Z R,Shao Q J et al. Effect of dietary supplemental L-carnitineongrowthperformance,bodycompositionand antioxidant status in juvenile black sea beram,Sparus macrocephalus[J]. Aquac Nutr,2008,14:464~471.
[8]Mohseni M,Ozorio R O. Effects of dietary L-carnitine level on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant status beluga(Huso huso L. 1758)[J].Aquac Nutr,2014,20:477~485.
[9]Ozorio R O. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation to cultivated fish:a mini-review[J]. Curr Nutr Food Sci,2009,5:40~48.
[10]Rebouche C J. Carnitine function and requirements during the life cycle[J]. FASEB J,1992,6:3379~3386.
[11]WangQ,JuX,ChenYetal.EffectsofL-carnitine against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in grass carp ovary cells(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J]. Fish Physiol Biochem,2016,42:845~857.
[12]Yang S D,Wen Y C,Liuo C H et al. Influence of dietary L-carnitine on growth,biological traits and meat quality in tilapia[J].Aquac Res,2009,40:1374~1382.
[13]Yang S D,Liu F G,Liou C H. Effects of dietary L-carnitine,plant proteins and lipid levels on growth performance,body composition,blood traits and muscular carnitine status in juvenile silver perch(Bidyanus bidyanus)[J]. Aqua,2012,342~343:48~55.
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