可培养土壤微生物数量与红松活立木干基腐朽程度的关系
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摘要
在五营国家森林公园建立的样地内,利用无损检测技术选取存在腐朽的典型红松活立木作为样木。在样木根部四周0～20 cm深度处采集土样,采用传统培养法对土壤微生物进行分离培养并计数。同时,使用树木生长锥取样木的健康和腐朽试样木芯,通过测定木芯质量损失率,量化表征红松活立木干基腐朽程度。采用逐步回归分析和通径分析方法,量化研究不同种类微生物数量和红松活立木干基腐朽程度之间的关系。结果表明:腐朽红松根部土壤细菌数量最多,占绝对优势,放线菌次之,真菌数量最少;土壤真菌数量和放线菌数量与红松活立木干基腐朽程度存在正相关关系(R~2=0.504,p=0),真菌的直接正效应贡献(直接通径系数P_(2y)=0.413)大于放线菌(P_(3y)=0.407);土壤细菌数量对红松活立木干基腐朽的直接贡献不显著(P_(1y)=-0.312,p=0.106>0.05),但是细菌数量通过影响真菌的数量,对红松活立木干基腐朽具有间接负效应贡献(间接通径系数P_(x1-x2)=-0.225)。
For internal reason of butt decay of Pinus koraiensis standing trees,the relationship between soil microorganisms quantity and butt decay degree of standing trees was discussed.A non-destructive test method was employed to evaluate internal decay condition of P.koraensis standing trees and select tree specimens at sample plots in Wuying National Forest Park.Soil samples that collected at root of each tree were used to isolate soil microbes.The number of soil microbes was counted by a traditional culture method.At the same time,three increment cores(one is intact,and the other are decay)from each tree specimen were obtained and used to measure weight loss,and then determine butt decay degree.Finally,the relationship between butt decay degree and soil microbial quantity was analyzed by stepwise regression analysis and path analysis method.There were large differences in quantity of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi at root soil under trees specimens.The quantity of bacteria in soil was much more than actinomycetes and fungi.Fungi and actinomycetes were positively correlated with butt decay degree(R~2=0.504,p=0).As known from path analysis,the direct effect of fungi(direct path coefficient P_(2y)=0.413)was greater than actinomycetes(P_(3y)=0.407).The direct effect of bacteria on butt decay degree was not significant(P_(1y)=-0.312,p=0.106>0.05),but it had a negative effect on butt decay degree by affecting fungi number(indirect path coefficient P_(x1-x2)=-0.225).
For internal reason of butt decay of Pinus koraiensis standing trees,the relationship between soil microorganisms quantity and butt decay degree of standing trees was discussed.A non-destructive test method was employed to evaluate internal decay condition of P.koraensis standing trees and select tree specimens at sample plots in Wuying National Forest Park.Soil samples that collected at root of each tree were used to isolate soil microbes.The number of soil microbes was counted by a traditional culture method.At the same time,three increment cores(one is intact,and the other are decay)from each tree specimen were obtained and used to measure weight loss,and then determine butt decay degree.Finally,the relationship between butt decay degree and soil microbial quantity was analyzed by stepwise regression analysis and path analysis method.There were large differences in quantity of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi at root soil under trees specimens.The quantity of bacteria in soil was much more than actinomycetes and fungi.Fungi and actinomycetes were positively correlated with butt decay degree(R~2=0.504,p=0).As known from path analysis,the direct effect of fungi(direct path coefficient P_(2y)=0.413)was greater than actinomycetes(P_(3y)=0.407).The direct effect of bacteria on butt decay degree was not significant(P_(1y)=-0.312,p=0.106>0.05),but it had a negative effect on butt decay degree by affecting fungi number(indirect path coefficient P_(x1-x2)=-0.225).
引文
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[2]王玉婷,徐华东,王立海.小兴安岭天然林红松活立木腐朽率的调查研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(8):97-104.
[3]李雪燕,董双波,王剑南.红松根朽病的发生与防治[J].中国科技信息,2014(12):164.
[4]池玉杰.木材腐朽与木材腐朽菌[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[5] LARSSON B,BENGTSSON B,GUSTAFSSON M. Nondestructive detection of decay in living trees[J]. Tree Physiology,2004,24:853-858.
[6]陈守常.西南林区冷杉隐蔽性腐朽病蔓延的初步研究[J].林业科学,1959,5(1):55-67.
[7] HIETALA A M,NAGY N E,BURCHARDT E C,et al. Interactions between soil pH,wood heavy metal content and fungal decay at Norway spruce stands[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2016,107:237-243.
[8] SUN T Y,WANG L H,XU H D,et al. Effect of soil physicalchemical properties on the decay of standing Pinus koraiensis in Xiaoxing’an Mountains,northeast China[J]. Journal of Foerstry Research,2015,26(4):859-865.
[9]刘泽旭,王立海,鲍震宇,等.红松活立木内部腐朽程度的定量检测[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(6):89-92,106.
[10]尹军霞.微生物学实验指导[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2015.
[11]于洋,王海燕,丁国栋,等.华北落叶松人工林土壤微生物数量特征及其与土壤性质的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(3):76-80.
[12] SETIAWATI T C. Correlations between soil microbe and soil chemical properties in limestone mining area:case study at Southern Jember Indonesia[R]. Kuala Lumpur:University of Jember,2014:17-18.
[13]孙天用.小兴安岭针阔混交林立地条件对红松树干腐朽的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[14]杜家菊,陈志伟.使用SPSS线性回归实现通径分析的方法[J].微生物学通报,2010,45(2):4-6.
[15]吴敏娜,张惠文,李新宇,等.土壤抑真菌作用与细菌群落结构的关系[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(7):1574-1578.
[16] WORRALL J J,ANAGNOST S E,ZABEL R A. Comparison of wood decay among diverse lignicolous fungi[J]. Mycologia,1997,89(2):199-219.
[17]张伟,高国平,祁金玉,等.3种林木病原腐朽菌生长特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(3):122-125.
[18]王小燕,魏玉莲.北京东灵山木腐菌主要种类的区系组成及分布特征[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2167-2172.