某型潜艇单次长航前后密闭舱室可培养气载微生物的病原学特征分析
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摘要
目的分析某型潜艇单次长期航行前后密闭舱室内可培养气载微生物病原学特征,为评价作业环境卫生安全和职业防御提供依据。方法在某型潜艇该次长航任务航行前后舱内,使用固体撞击式采样法进行采样,采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOFMS)技术进行细菌鉴定分类。抗生素敏感实验采用K-B纸片法进行。结果航行前,可培养出的微生物为21个属56个种,航行后,变为37个属,80个种。航行前革兰阳性芽孢杆菌和革兰阳性球菌为主的厚壁菌门和放线菌门占62.82%,航行后为29.75%;丝状真菌航行前为14.23%,航行后为34.66%;变形菌门航行前为3.86%,航行后为10.25%。航行后葡萄球菌对甲氧西林的耐药率达到38.46%,对红霉素的耐药率高达73.08%,肠杆菌科细菌对氨苄西林的耐药率高达81.82%,不动杆菌属细菌对头孢呋辛的耐药率为30.77%。结论 (1)该次航行后舱室中革兰阴性杆菌、念珠菌、丝状真菌等条件致病菌大量增加,是对舱内作业人员健康产生不利影响的因素,菌种构成分析结果对可能的感染病原菌判断提供了客观依据;(2)细菌耐药谱对于抗感染治疗有重要的参考价值,为远海航行时抗菌药物的携带准备提供了参考依据。
Objective To explore the airborne microorganisms and their etiological characteristics in airtight cabins of ×× model submarine before and after once long-term voyage,to provide basis for evaluation of occupational safety and occupational defense. Methods The submarines of ×× model were sampled before and after once long-term voyage by using airflow striking sampling method. The bacteria were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOFMS). Antibiotic sensitivity test was using K-B disk method. Results There were 56 species of 21 genera cultivable before sailing,37 genera and 80 species after sailing. Before the flight,G+bacillus and G+cocci mainly accounted for 62.82%,accounting for29.75% after sailing;filamentous fungi was 14.23% before sailing and 34.66% after sailing;Proteobacteria was3.86% before sailing and 10.25% after sailing. After sailing staphylococcus methicillin resistance rate reached38.46%,erythromycin resistance rate was as high as 73.08%. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria resistance to ampicillin was up to 81.82%. Acinetobacter bacteria resistant to cefuroxime was 30.77%. Conclusion 1)Many conditional pathogenic bacteria increased,such as G+bacilli,candida,filamentous fungi,which are harmful factors to workers health;2)The bacterial resistance spectrum has important reference value for anti-infective treatment,and provides the basis for the preparation of antibacterial drugs for the voyage of the sea.
Objective To explore the airborne microorganisms and their etiological characteristics in airtight cabins of ×× model submarine before and after once long-term voyage,to provide basis for evaluation of occupational safety and occupational defense. Methods The submarines of ×× model were sampled before and after once long-term voyage by using airflow striking sampling method. The bacteria were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOFMS). Antibiotic sensitivity test was using K-B disk method. Results There were 56 species of 21 genera cultivable before sailing,37 genera and 80 species after sailing. Before the flight,G+bacillus and G+cocci mainly accounted for 62.82%,accounting for29.75% after sailing;filamentous fungi was 14.23% before sailing and 34.66% after sailing;Proteobacteria was3.86% before sailing and 10.25% after sailing. After sailing staphylococcus methicillin resistance rate reached38.46%,erythromycin resistance rate was as high as 73.08%. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria resistance to ampicillin was up to 81.82%. Acinetobacter bacteria resistant to cefuroxime was 30.77%. Conclusion 1)Many conditional pathogenic bacteria increased,such as G+bacilli,candida,filamentous fungi,which are harmful factors to workers health;2)The bacterial resistance spectrum has important reference value for anti-infective treatment,and provides the basis for the preparation of antibacterial drugs for the voyage of the sea.
引文
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[2]梁冰,边存文,姜美娟,等.长航前后密闭舱室微生物气溶胶定量定性监测分析及评价[J].卫生研究,2016,45(5):852-856.
[3]Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Performances standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing[J].Twentyfourth informational supplement,2017,39(12):M100.
[4]PATRICK RM,ELLEN JO B,MICHAEL AP,et al.Manual of clinical Microbiology[M].ASM Press,1999:78.
[5]JANDA JM,ABBOTT SL.Enterobacteria[M].2nd edition,Copyright,ASM Press,2006:25.
[6]RAMAZAN M,ESMAT S,MAZHAR IQ,et al.Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of bio-aerosols in surgery rooms and emergency[J].Jundishapnr J.Microbiot,2014,7(10):e11688.
[7]王辉,马筱玲,钱渊,等主译.临床微生物学手册[M].北京:中华医学电子音像出版社,2011:2541-2582.
[8]严蕾,杨春辉,唐建国.肠黏膜屏障与白色念珠菌突破性感染[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2013,22(10):1190-1192.
[9]黄淑玉,白丽.白色念珠菌感染免疫应当的研究进展[J].基础医学与临床,2012,32(9):1103-1105.
[10]丁元庭.细菌耐药机制的国内外最新研究进展[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(6):1109-1111.
[11]于玺华.空气微生物学及研究进展[J].洁净与空调技术,2005,4(1):29-33.