基于反向地球化学模拟的地下水形成作用: 以安徽省泗县为例
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摘要
在了解安徽省泗县水文地质条件基础上,分析了区域水文地球化学特征及类型,探讨了其空间分布特征。根据开采条件下的地下水动力场条件,选择了3条模拟路径,采用PHREEQC软件进行了水文地球化学模拟研究,定量分析了地下水的形成机理及演化。结果表明,路径Ⅰ发生了岩盐、石膏以及伊利石的溶解,高岭土、石英、白云石、萤石发生了沉淀;钙蒙脱石、方解石不参与反应,NaX解吸,CaX_2被吸附;路径Ⅱ发生了岩盐、石膏、伊利石、石英等的溶解以及钙蒙脱石、方解石的沉淀,NaX解吸,CaX_2被吸附;路径Ⅲ发生的反应基本与路径Ⅰ相同,不同之处在该路径上的白云石发生了溶解,其原因可能是地下水在径流过程中溶解CO_2,使其继续溶解白云石以及受沉淀滞后的影响。研究结果表明地下水开采条件下,泗县地下水化学组分主要受到了岩盐和石膏等矿物的溶解作用、钙钠离子交换作用以及钙蒙脱石、方解石沉淀作用的控制。
Based on regional hydrogeological conditions,the hydrogeochemical characteristics,water type and spatial distribution of groundwater in Sixian County,Anhui Province were analysed and discussed. According to the characteristics of hydrodynamic field under groundwater exploitation,three paths were selected to simulate.The hydrogeochemical simulation was carried out using PHREEQC,and the formation and evolution of groundwater were quantitatively analysed. The results showed that the halite,gypsum and illite were dissolved; kaolinite,quartz,dolomite,calcite,fluorite were precipitated; calcic montmorillonite did not participate in the reaction; NaX desorption or CaX_2 adsorption occurred in Path Ⅰ. Halite,gypsum,illite,quartz were dissolved;calcic montmorillonite and calcite were precipitated; NaX desorption and CaX_2 adsorption occurred in Path Ⅱ.Reactions of Paths Ⅰ and Ⅲ are largely the same; the difference is the presence of dolomite dissolution in Path Ⅲ. The reason for this difference may be that dolomite dissolution is affected by precipitation CO_2 and precipitation hysteresis in groundwater runoff. The results show that the groundwater composition is mainly influenced by dissolution of rock salt and gypsum,Ca-Na ionic exchange and calcic montmorillonite,calcite in groundwater mining conditions of Sixian County.
Based on regional hydrogeological conditions,the hydrogeochemical characteristics,water type and spatial distribution of groundwater in Sixian County,Anhui Province were analysed and discussed. According to the characteristics of hydrodynamic field under groundwater exploitation,three paths were selected to simulate.The hydrogeochemical simulation was carried out using PHREEQC,and the formation and evolution of groundwater were quantitatively analysed. The results showed that the halite,gypsum and illite were dissolved; kaolinite,quartz,dolomite,calcite,fluorite were precipitated; calcic montmorillonite did not participate in the reaction; NaX desorption or CaX_2 adsorption occurred in Path Ⅰ. Halite,gypsum,illite,quartz were dissolved;calcic montmorillonite and calcite were precipitated; NaX desorption and CaX_2 adsorption occurred in Path Ⅱ.Reactions of Paths Ⅰ and Ⅲ are largely the same; the difference is the presence of dolomite dissolution in Path Ⅲ. The reason for this difference may be that dolomite dissolution is affected by precipitation CO_2 and precipitation hysteresis in groundwater runoff. The results show that the groundwater composition is mainly influenced by dissolution of rock salt and gypsum,Ca-Na ionic exchange and calcic montmorillonite,calcite in groundwater mining conditions of Sixian County.
引文
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[2]陈盟,吴勇,高东东,等.广汉市平原区浅层地下水化学演化及其控制因素[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(3):831-843.
[3]王丽,王金生,林学钰.水文地球化学模型研究进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(6):105-109.
[4]EARMAN S,HERSHEY R L.Water quality impacts from waste rock at a Carlin-type gold mine,Elko County,Nevada[J].Environmental Geology,2004,45(8):1043-1053.
[5]GASTMANS D,HUTCHEON I,MENEGRIO A A,et al.Geochemical evolution of groundwater in a basaltic aquifer based on chemical and stable isotopic data:Case study from the Northeastern portion of Serra Geral Aquifer,S2o Paulo state(Brazil)[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,535:598-611.
[6]文冬光,沈照理,钟佐燊.地球化学模拟及其在水文地质中的应用[J].地质科技情报,1995,14(1):99-104.
[7]郭永海,沈照理,钟佐焱.河北平原地下水化学环境演化的地球化学模拟[J].中国科学(D辑),1997,27(4):360-365.
[8]王焰新,马腾,罗朝晖,等.山西柳林泉域水-岩相互作用地球化学模拟[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1998,23(5):519-522.
[9]王广才,陶澍,沈照理,等.平顶山矿区岩溶水系统水-岩相互作用的随机水文地球化学模拟[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,37(3):9-12.
[10]李义连,王焰新,周来茹,等.地下水矿物饱和度的水文地球化学模拟分析——以娘子关泉域岩溶水为例[J].地质科技情报,2002,21(3):32-36.
[11]郭清海,阎世龙,蒋方媛.太原市深层孔隙水的水化学分带性及其地球化学模拟[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2005,30(2):245-254.
[12]郭清海,王焰新.典型新生代断陷盆地内孔隙地下水地球化学过程及其模拟:以山西太原盆地为例[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):83-90.
[13]赵国红,刘海,项力.泗县地区水文地质特征及缺水原因分析[J].安徽地质,2016,26(1):54-56.
[14]PIPER A M.A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analyses[J].Transactions of American Geophysical Union,1944,25:914-928.
[15]GIBBS R J.Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J].Science,1970,170:1088-1090.
[16]金权.安徽淮北平原第四系[M].北京:地质出版社,1990:1-170.
[17]TARDY Y.Characterization of the principal weathering types by the geochemistry of waters from some European and African crystalline massifs[J].Chemical Geology,1971,7(4):253-271.
[18]PARKHURST D L,APPELO C A J.User's guide to PHREEQC(Version 2)-A computer program for speciation,batch-reaction,one-dimensional transport,and inverse geochemical calculations[M]//Earth Science Information Center.Water-Resources Investigations Report 99.Denver:U.S.Geological Survey,1999:4259.
[19]闫志为,刘辉利,张志卫.温度及CO2对方解石、白云石溶解度影响特征分析[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):7-10.
[20]石培泽,马金珠,赵华.民勤盆地地下水地球化学演化模拟[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(3):305-309.