煤及共伴生资源精准开采科学问题与对策
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摘要
面临新一轮以大数据、云计算、人工智能、物联网、区域链、互联网为代表的信息技术革命,及煤、铀、油气相继走向智能化无人开采的发展趋势,深度融合现代信息技术、资源开采理论技术助推煤及共伴生资源无人(少人)开采,保障国家能源及战略需求,成为新时代能源资源开发模式变革的导向,基于此率先提出煤及共伴生资源精准开采的科学构想。煤及共伴生资源精准开采是以创新地球空间物理科学、多相多场耦合理论及智能管控系统为核心保障,互联网+现场监测、物理/数值模拟、基础实验的"三位一体"科研手段为支撑,实现煤及共伴生资源禀赋、原生/扰动地质灾害、开采装备工况全息实时展现,资源开发规划、矿井运行管理及退役矿井生态修复方案的智能弹性决策,潜在致灾因素的智能深度感知、精准圈定及高效解危,突发灾害的损伤体自主修复、管控系统韧性恢复、装备自适应调整的能源资源科学开发模式。煤及共伴生资源精准开采可有效破解资源开发面临的勘探监测、协同开发、灾害防控及环境负外部性等重大难题,为未来煤及共伴生资源开发提供了新思路。本文凝练了煤及共伴生资源精准开发的5个关键科学问题和7个主要研究方向,为实现新时代资源安全高效绿色开发提出了阶段性规划。
To boost the exploitation of energy resources in no manpower(little manpower) and to guarantee the demand of national energy and strategies,a complete integration of information technology and the theories of mineral resource exploitation is the direction for the revolution of energy resources development in the new era.A new round of information technology revolution occurs in the areas,such as big data,cloud computing,artificial intelligence,internet of things,regional chain and internet,and intelligent unmanned exploitation in coal,uranium,and oil and gas.In considering the integration of information technology,the scientific conception of precise mining of coal and its associated resources was innovatively developed in this paper.The innovative geospatial physical science,multi-phase and multi-field coupling theory and intelligent control system are proposed as a core guarantee system.supported by the "trinity"scientific research means including internet+on-site monitoring,physical/numerical simulation and basic experiments.The holographic real-time display of coal and associated resource endowment,original/disturbed geological disaster and the working condition of mining equipment is required. Also,the intelligent and flexible decision on mine planning,operation management and the ecological restoration of closed mines,the intelligent depth perception,accurate delineation and efficient resolution of the crisis for potential disaster,the self-repair of the damage space,the resilience recovery of control system,the adaptive adjustment of the equipment are all need to be achieved.Precise mining of coal and associated resources can effectively solve all these major problems subjected to exploration and monitoring,collaborative development,disaster prevention and control,and negative environmental externalities,to provide new ideas for the future development of coal and associated resources. In this paper,five key scientific issues and seven main research directions for the precision mining of coal and associated resources are summarized,and a phased plan is proposed for the safe,efficient and green mining of resources in the new era.
To boost the exploitation of energy resources in no manpower(little manpower) and to guarantee the demand of national energy and strategies,a complete integration of information technology and the theories of mineral resource exploitation is the direction for the revolution of energy resources development in the new era.A new round of information technology revolution occurs in the areas,such as big data,cloud computing,artificial intelligence,internet of things,regional chain and internet,and intelligent unmanned exploitation in coal,uranium,and oil and gas.In considering the integration of information technology,the scientific conception of precise mining of coal and its associated resources was innovatively developed in this paper.The innovative geospatial physical science,multi-phase and multi-field coupling theory and intelligent control system are proposed as a core guarantee system.supported by the "trinity"scientific research means including internet+on-site monitoring,physical/numerical simulation and basic experiments.The holographic real-time display of coal and associated resource endowment,original/disturbed geological disaster and the working condition of mining equipment is required. Also,the intelligent and flexible decision on mine planning,operation management and the ecological restoration of closed mines,the intelligent depth perception,accurate delineation and efficient resolution of the crisis for potential disaster,the self-repair of the damage space,the resilience recovery of control system,the adaptive adjustment of the equipment are all need to be achieved.Precise mining of coal and associated resources can effectively solve all these major problems subjected to exploration and monitoring,collaborative development,disaster prevention and control,and negative environmental externalities,to provide new ideas for the future development of coal and associated resources. In this paper,five key scientific issues and seven main research directions for the precision mining of coal and associated resources are summarized,and a phased plan is proposed for the safe,efficient and green mining of resources in the new era.
引文
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[13]秦鹏,孟志强,李彦恒,等.国外多种能源矿产同盆共存富集规律初探[J].河北工程大学学报(自然科学版),2005,22(3):76-78.QIN Peng,MENG Zhiqiang,LI Yanheng,et al. Relationship of energy ore deposits in a same basin[J]. Journal of Hebei Institute of Architectural Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2005,22(3):76-78.
[14]陈天瑜,欧阳卫华,夏光耀.三位一体打造智能环保网——物联网技术在环境管理体系中的应用[J].科技创新导报,2011(23):28-29.CHEN Tianyu,OU YANG Weihua,XIA Guangyao.Trinity to create an intelligent environmental protection network-application of Internet of things technology in environmental management system[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2011(23):28-29.
[15]张昕嫱,王海龙.新一代信息技术助力制造业转型升级[J].祖国,2018(5):38-40.ZHANG Xinqiang,WANG Hailong. New generation of information technologies are helping the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry[J].Motherland,2018(5):38-40.
[16]林梓焕.人工智能大数据和云计算的融合发展[J].居舍,2018(10):166.LIN Zhihuan. Fusion development of artificial intelligence big data and cloud computing[J].Ju She,2018(10):166.
[17]文兴.基律纳铁矿智能采矿技术考察报告[J].采矿技术,2014,14(1):4-6.WEN Xing. Investigation report of intelligent mining technology of Kiruna iron ore[J].Mining Technology,2014,14(1):4-6.
[18]谭亚辉,廖文胜,肖碧泉.超深砂岩型铀矿地浸开采技术问题的探讨[J].铀矿冶,2015,34(3):135-138.TAN Yahui,LIAO Wensheng,XIAO Biquan. Discussion on the problem of in-situ leaching mining ultra-deep sandstone-type uranium ore deposit[J].Uranium Mining&Metallurgy,2015,34(3):135-138.
[19]付勇,魏帅超,金若时,等.我国砂岩型铀矿分带特征研究现状及存在问题[J].地质学报,2016,90(12):3519-3544.FU Yong,WEI Shuaichao,JIN Ruoshi,et al.Current status and existing problems of China’s sandstone-type uranium deposits[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(12):3519-3544.
[20]曾晟,谭凯旋,桑潇,等.原地浸出采铀多场多过程耦合动力学数值模拟[J].原子能科学技术,2011,45(4):500-505.ZENG Sheng,TAN Kaixuan,SANG Xiao,et al. Numerical simulation on multi-field and multi-process coupling dynamics of in-situ leaching of uranium[J]. Atomic Energy Science&Technology,2011,45(4):500-505.
[21]袁亮,姜耀东,王凯,等.我国关闭/废弃矿井资源精准开发利用的科学思考[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):14-20.YUAN Liang,JIANG Yaodong,WANG Kai,et al. Precision exploitation and utilization of closed/abandoned mine resources in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,,2018,43(1):14-20.
[22]黄炳香,赵兴龙,张权.煤与煤系伴生资源共采的理论与技术框架[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(4):653-662.HUANG Bingxiang,ZHAO Xinglong,ZHANG Quan. Framework of the theory and technology for simultaneous mining of coal and its associated resources[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(4):653-662.
[2]袁亮,张通,赵毅鑫,等.煤与共伴生资源精准协调开采——以鄂尔多斯盆地煤与伴生特种稀有金属精准协调开采为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(3):449-459.YUAN Liang,ZHANG Tong,ZHAO Yixin,et al. Precise coordinated mining of coal and associated resources:A case of environmental coordinated mining of coal and associated rare metal in Ordos basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(3):449-459.
[3]袁亮.煤炭精准开采科学构想[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):1-7.YUAN Liang.Scientific conception of precision coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):1-7.
[4]袁亮.开展基于人工智能的煤炭精准开采研究,为深地开发提供科技支撑[J].科技导报,2017,(14):3.YUAN Liang.Research on precise coal mining based on artificial intelligence to provide technological support for deep mining[J]. Science&Technology Review,2017,(14):3.
[5]袁亮,姜耀东,何学秋,等.煤矿典型动力灾害风险精准判识及监控预警关键技术研究进展[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(2):306-318.YUAN Liang,JIANG Yaodong,HE Xueqiu,et al. Research progress of precise risk accurate identification and monitoring early warning on typical dynamic disasters in coal mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(2):306-318.
[6]袁亮.面向煤炭精准开采的物联网架构及关键技术[J].工矿自动化,2017,43(10):1-7.YUAN Liang. Framework and key technologies of Internet of things for precision coal mining[J]. Industry and Mine Automation,2017,43(10):1-7.
[7]辛至秀.捷克地浸采铀的污染问题及其思考[J].世界核地质科学,2005,22(3):183-186.XIN Zhixiu.Problems and consideration of pollution related to Stráz uranium mine in Czech Republic[J]. World Nuclear Geoscience,2005,22(3):183-186.
[8]杨金华,邱茂鑫,郝宏娜,等.智能化——油气工业发展大趋势[J].石油科技论坛,2016,(6):36-42.YANG Jinhua,QIU Maoxin,HAO Hongna,et al. Intelligence-oil and gas industrial development trend[J]. Oil Forum,2016(6):36-42.
[9]姚军,黄朝琴,刘文政,等.深层油气藏开发中的关键力学问题[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2018,48(4):5-31.YAO Jun,HUANG Chaoqin,LIU Wenzheng,et al. Key mechanical problems in the development of deep oil and gas reservoirs[J]. Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica&Astronomica,2018,48(4):5-31.
[10]陈勉,葛洪魁,赵金洲,等.页岩油气高效开发的关键基础理论与挑战[J].石油钻探技术,2015,43(5):7-14.CHEN Mian,GE Hongkui,ZHAO Jinzhou,et al.The key fundamentals for the efficient exploitation of shale oil and gas and its related challenges[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(5):7-14.
[11]张文昭.美国威明顿油田地面下沉与防治[J].世界石油工业,1999,9(4):56-60.ZHANG Wenzhao.Ground subsidence and prevention in wilmington oilfield,USA[J].World Petroleum Industry,1999,9(4):56-60.
[12]官兵,李士斌,张立刚,等.基于多场耦合效应的水平井压裂应力场分析[J].非常规油气,2017,4(3):103-109.GUAN Bing,LI Shibin,ZHANG Ligang,et al. Analysis of stress field of horizontal well fracturing based on multi-field coupling effect[J].Unconventional Oil&Gas,2017,4(3):103-109.
[13]秦鹏,孟志强,李彦恒,等.国外多种能源矿产同盆共存富集规律初探[J].河北工程大学学报(自然科学版),2005,22(3):76-78.QIN Peng,MENG Zhiqiang,LI Yanheng,et al. Relationship of energy ore deposits in a same basin[J]. Journal of Hebei Institute of Architectural Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2005,22(3):76-78.
[14]陈天瑜,欧阳卫华,夏光耀.三位一体打造智能环保网——物联网技术在环境管理体系中的应用[J].科技创新导报,2011(23):28-29.CHEN Tianyu,OU YANG Weihua,XIA Guangyao.Trinity to create an intelligent environmental protection network-application of Internet of things technology in environmental management system[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2011(23):28-29.
[15]张昕嫱,王海龙.新一代信息技术助力制造业转型升级[J].祖国,2018(5):38-40.ZHANG Xinqiang,WANG Hailong. New generation of information technologies are helping the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry[J].Motherland,2018(5):38-40.
[16]林梓焕.人工智能大数据和云计算的融合发展[J].居舍,2018(10):166.LIN Zhihuan. Fusion development of artificial intelligence big data and cloud computing[J].Ju She,2018(10):166.
[17]文兴.基律纳铁矿智能采矿技术考察报告[J].采矿技术,2014,14(1):4-6.WEN Xing. Investigation report of intelligent mining technology of Kiruna iron ore[J].Mining Technology,2014,14(1):4-6.
[18]谭亚辉,廖文胜,肖碧泉.超深砂岩型铀矿地浸开采技术问题的探讨[J].铀矿冶,2015,34(3):135-138.TAN Yahui,LIAO Wensheng,XIAO Biquan. Discussion on the problem of in-situ leaching mining ultra-deep sandstone-type uranium ore deposit[J].Uranium Mining&Metallurgy,2015,34(3):135-138.
[19]付勇,魏帅超,金若时,等.我国砂岩型铀矿分带特征研究现状及存在问题[J].地质学报,2016,90(12):3519-3544.FU Yong,WEI Shuaichao,JIN Ruoshi,et al.Current status and existing problems of China’s sandstone-type uranium deposits[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(12):3519-3544.
[20]曾晟,谭凯旋,桑潇,等.原地浸出采铀多场多过程耦合动力学数值模拟[J].原子能科学技术,2011,45(4):500-505.ZENG Sheng,TAN Kaixuan,SANG Xiao,et al. Numerical simulation on multi-field and multi-process coupling dynamics of in-situ leaching of uranium[J]. Atomic Energy Science&Technology,2011,45(4):500-505.
[21]袁亮,姜耀东,王凯,等.我国关闭/废弃矿井资源精准开发利用的科学思考[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):14-20.YUAN Liang,JIANG Yaodong,WANG Kai,et al. Precision exploitation and utilization of closed/abandoned mine resources in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,,2018,43(1):14-20.
[22]黄炳香,赵兴龙,张权.煤与煤系伴生资源共采的理论与技术框架[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(4):653-662.HUANG Bingxiang,ZHAO Xinglong,ZHANG Quan. Framework of the theory and technology for simultaneous mining of coal and its associated resources[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(4):653-662.