广西象州与横县碳酸盐岩分布区土壤中Cd形态分布特征及影响因素
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摘要
广西壮族自治区碳酸盐岩分布面积为96 372 km~2,约占全区陆地国土面积的40.7%。由碳酸盐岩风化形成的土壤中Cd、Pb、Hg等重金属元素普遍富集。初步评价发现,农作物籽实对Cd的吸收量与土壤Cd含量无对应关系,农作物Cd超标多出现在土壤Cd含量较低的地区。进一步研究发现,Cd高含量的土壤中普遍含有铝土矿、Fe-Mn结核等颗粒。为了探索土壤中Cd存在形态及其影响因素,选择了含铝土矿和铁锰结核的横县土壤和无铝土矿与铁锰结核的象州土壤,系统研究了土壤Cd形态差异及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)象州土壤中Cd主要以活动态形式存在,生物可利用性高,横县土壤中Cd主要以稳定态形式存在,生物可利用性低。(2)p H值为6.0是象州土壤Cd活动态含量的突变点,p H值在6.0处含量达到最大值;而在横县,p H降低使活动态Cd比例增加。(3)象州土壤中活动态Cd随有机质增加而增加,表明Cd被有机质弱吸附;而横县土壤有机质含量与Cd形态无明显相关性。(4)由铝土矿导致的土壤高Cd含量,多以残渣态形式存在,不会对动植物造成危害。
The carbonate covering area is about 96,372 km~2,accounting for about 40. 7% of district land area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The heavy metals in soil formed from the carbonate weathering were enriched commonly,such as cadmium( Cd),lead( Pb) and mercury( Hg). Preliminary evaluation results showed that there was no corresponding relation between Cd uptake of crops and Cd content in soil. Crops which exceed food safety standards always grew in the soil with low Cd content. Soil with high Cd content generally contained bauxite,Fe-Mn nodules and other particles. In order to discuss factors affecting geochemical fractions of Cadmium,we determined geochemical fractions of cadmium and other soil properties in two study areas in relation to bauxite and Fe-Mn nodules. Soils in the Hengxian area were with bauxite and Fe-Mn nodules. Soils in the Xiangzhou area were without bauxite and Fe-Mn nodules. The results show that:( 1) In Xiangzhou area,the Cd content of soil was mainly bounded to mobile fraction and the bioavailability of Cd was high. In Hengxianarea,Cd was mainly bounded to residue fraction,the bioavailability was low.( 2) Soil pH and organic matter were important factors controlling the Cd mobility. Soil pH value 6. 0 is the abrupt change point of the Cd mobility,contents of ion-exchange Cd reached maximum in soil pH value 6. 0 in Xiangzhou soils. The percentage of mobile fraction Cd was increasing with soil pH decreasing in Hengxian soils.( 3) Cd in mobile fraction was correlated positively with organic matter in Xiangzhou soils,which indicated that Cd is weakly adsorbed by organic matter in soil. Cd fraction has no obvious correlation with organic matter in Hengxian soil.( 4) The Cd content of soil with bauxite was high,which occurred in the residual fraction in Hengxian. So,it was not harmful to animals or plants.
The carbonate covering area is about 96,372 km~2,accounting for about 40. 7% of district land area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The heavy metals in soil formed from the carbonate weathering were enriched commonly,such as cadmium( Cd),lead( Pb) and mercury( Hg). Preliminary evaluation results showed that there was no corresponding relation between Cd uptake of crops and Cd content in soil. Crops which exceed food safety standards always grew in the soil with low Cd content. Soil with high Cd content generally contained bauxite,Fe-Mn nodules and other particles. In order to discuss factors affecting geochemical fractions of Cadmium,we determined geochemical fractions of cadmium and other soil properties in two study areas in relation to bauxite and Fe-Mn nodules. Soils in the Hengxian area were with bauxite and Fe-Mn nodules. Soils in the Xiangzhou area were without bauxite and Fe-Mn nodules. The results show that:( 1) In Xiangzhou area,the Cd content of soil was mainly bounded to mobile fraction and the bioavailability of Cd was high. In Hengxianarea,Cd was mainly bounded to residue fraction,the bioavailability was low.( 2) Soil pH and organic matter were important factors controlling the Cd mobility. Soil pH value 6. 0 is the abrupt change point of the Cd mobility,contents of ion-exchange Cd reached maximum in soil pH value 6. 0 in Xiangzhou soils. The percentage of mobile fraction Cd was increasing with soil pH decreasing in Hengxian soils.( 3) Cd in mobile fraction was correlated positively with organic matter in Xiangzhou soils,which indicated that Cd is weakly adsorbed by organic matter in soil. Cd fraction has no obvious correlation with organic matter in Hengxian soil.( 4) The Cd content of soil with bauxite was high,which occurred in the residual fraction in Hengxian. So,it was not harmful to animals or plants.
引文
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[10]WANG X,LIANG C,YIN Y.Distribution and transformation of cadmium formations amended with serpentine and lime in contaminated meadow soil[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2015,15(7):1531-1537.
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[12]张颖异,程相利,齐渊洪,等.广西贵港高铁型铝土矿的矿物学特征研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2015,35(5):52-55.
[13]陈世益,周芳,罗德宣,等.广西贵港三水型铝土矿矿石特征及应用研究[J].广西地质,1992,5(3):9-16.
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[15]李建强,刘志乾.广西三水铝土矿矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].甘肃冶金,2008,30(6):56-59.
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[17]奚小环,陈国光,张德存,等.多目标区域地球化学调查规范(1∶250 000)(DZ/T 0258-2014)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:13.
[18]杨晓燕,侯青叶,杨忠芳.重金属元素Cd在水稻土剖面中的分配系数及其影响因素研究:以四川省成都平原区为例[J].地学前缘,2013,20(2):246-256.
[19]李非里,刘丛强,宋照亮.土壤中重金属形态的化学分析综述[J].中国环境监测,2005,21(4):21-27.
[20]彭刚华.水稻土中重金属Cd的形态含量变化[J].福建环境,2002,19(1):34-35.
[21]黄思宇,彭晓春,吴彦瑜,等.土壤中重金属形态分析研究进展[J].广东化工,2012,39(2):86-87.
[22]侯秀.铁锰氧化物对碱性盐化土壤镉污染中镉的行为影响及生物效应[D].天津:天津师范大学,2009:32.
[23]李非里,刘丛强,宋照亮.土壤中重金属形态的化学分析综述[J].中国环境监测,2005,21(4):21-27.
[24]杨炜林,祖艳群,李元.土壤重金属化学形态的空间异质性及其影响因素研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2007,22(6):912-916.
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[26]刘丹丹,刘菲,缪德仁.土壤重金属连续提取方法的优化[J].现代地质,2015,29(2):390-396.
[27]代杰瑞,郝兴中,庞绪贵,等.典型土壤环境中重金属元素的形态分布和转化——以山东烟台为例[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2013,32(6):713-719.
[28]侯青叶,杨忠芳.山西临汾盆地黄土剖面重金属分布特征及其影响因素[J].现代地质,2008,22(6):922-928.
[29]余涛,杨忠芳,钟坚,等.土壤中重金属元素Pb、Cd地球化学行为影响因素研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):67-73.
[30]JIANG H,LI T,HAN X,et al.Effects of p H and low molecular weight organic acids on competitive adsorption and desorption of cadmium and lead in paddy soils[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2012,184(10):6325-6335.
[31]廖敏,黄昌勇,谢正苗.p H对镉在土水系统中的迁移和形态的影响[J].环境科学学报,1999,19(1):83-88.
[32]顾秋蓓,杨琼,余涛,等.耕作措施对土壤有机碳稳定性的影响——以黑龙江省与吉林省典型地区为例[J].现代地质,2016,30(2):463-469.
[33]杜明阳,赵秀兰.土壤有机质与重金属迁移转化关系文献综述[J].南方农业,2016,10(17):92-94.
[34]ZHAO X,JIANG T,DU B.Effect of organic matter and calcium carbonate on behaviors of cadmium adsorption-desorption on/from purple paddy soils[J].Chemosphere,2014,99:41-48.
[35]陈建斌.有机物料对土壤的外源铜和镉形态变化的不同影响[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(5):450-452.
[36]黄志强,胡自宁,龙斌,等.GIS空间叠置分析在广西红土型高铁三水铝土矿资源遥感地质调查中的应用[J].矿床地质,2010(S1):681-684.
[37]文加波,李克庆,向忠宝,等.电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定铝土矿中40种组分[J].冶金分析,2011,31(12):43-49.
[38]张佳莉,张青伟,阳纯龙,等.桂西铝土矿中稀有和稀散元素地球化学特征[J].桂林理工大学学报,2016,36(1):153-159.
[39]HIEMSTRA T,RIEMSDIJK W H V.Physical chemical interpretation of primary charging behaviour of metal(hydr)oxides[J].Colloids&Surfaces,1991,59:7-25.
[40]WEERASOORIYA R,WIJESEKARA H K D K,BANDARA A.Surface complexation modeling of cadmium adsorption on gibbsite[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2002,207(1/3):13-24.
[41]YU G,SAHA U K,KOZAK L M,et al.Kinetics of cadmium adsorption on aluminum precipitation products formed under the influence of tannate[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2006,70(20):5134-5145.
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