形变退火态Ti-50.8Ni-0.1Nb合金的相变和形状记忆行为
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摘要
用XRD、光学显微镜、示差扫描量热仪和拉伸实验研究退火温度(t_a)对冷拉Ti-50.8Ni-0.1Nb(摩尔分数,%)合金组织、相变和形状记忆行为的影响。结果表明:350～700℃退火态Ti-50.8Ni-0.1Nb合金由马氏体M(B19′,单斜结构)和母相A(B2,Cs Cl型结构)组成。随t_a升高,合金组织形貌由纤维状变为等轴状,再结晶温度约为580℃;合金冷却/加热相变类型由A→R→M/M→R→A型向A→R→M/M→A型向A→M/M→A型转变(R-R相,菱方结构),R相变温度降低,M相变温度和热滞先升高后降低,R相变热滞为6.7～9.8℃。350～550℃退火态合金的抗拉强度高于600～700℃退火态合金的,伸长率则远低于后者的。400～550℃退火态合金呈形状记忆效应,350℃退火态和600℃及以上温度退火态合金呈超弹性。随应力-应变循环次数增加,合金应力-应变曲线的平台应力下降。400～550℃退火态合金的形状记忆效应和600℃及以上温度退火态合金的超弹性稳定性良好。
The effects of annealing temperature(T_a) on the microstructure, phase transformation and shape memory behavior of cold drawing Ti-50.8 Ni-0.1 Nb(mole fraction, %) shape memory alloy were investigated by XRD, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile test. The results show that the phase compositions of Ti-50.8 Ni-0.1 Nb alloy annealed at 350-700 ℃ are martensite M(B19′, monoclinic) and parent phase A(B2, CsCl). With increasing T_a, the microstructure morphology of the alloy changes from fibrous to equiaxed grain, the recrystallization temperature is about 580 ℃; the transformation types of the alloy change from A→R→M/M→R→A to A→R→M/M→A to A→M/M→A(A-parent phase B2, CsCl; R-R phase, rhombohedral; M-martensite B19′, monoclinic) upon cooling/heating, the R transformation temperature of the alloy decreases, the M transformation temperature and temperature hysteresis increases firstly and then decreases, the R transformation temperature hysteresis is 6.7-9.8 ℃. The tensile strength of the alloy annealed at 350-550 ℃ is higher than that of the alloy annealed at 600-700 ℃, while the percentage elongation of the former is lower than that of the latter. The alloy annealed at 400-550 ℃ shows shape memory effect, and the alloys annealed at 300 ℃ and 600-700 ℃ show superelasticity. With increasing stress-strain cycling number, the platform stress in the stress-strain curve of the alloy decreases. The stability of the shape memory effect in the alloy annealed at 400-550 ℃ and the superelasticity in the alloy annealed at 600-700 ℃ are well.
The effects of annealing temperature(T_a) on the microstructure, phase transformation and shape memory behavior of cold drawing Ti-50.8 Ni-0.1 Nb(mole fraction, %) shape memory alloy were investigated by XRD, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile test. The results show that the phase compositions of Ti-50.8 Ni-0.1 Nb alloy annealed at 350-700 ℃ are martensite M(B19′, monoclinic) and parent phase A(B2, CsCl). With increasing T_a, the microstructure morphology of the alloy changes from fibrous to equiaxed grain, the recrystallization temperature is about 580 ℃; the transformation types of the alloy change from A→R→M/M→R→A to A→R→M/M→A to A→M/M→A(A-parent phase B2, CsCl; R-R phase, rhombohedral; M-martensite B19′, monoclinic) upon cooling/heating, the R transformation temperature of the alloy decreases, the M transformation temperature and temperature hysteresis increases firstly and then decreases, the R transformation temperature hysteresis is 6.7-9.8 ℃. The tensile strength of the alloy annealed at 350-550 ℃ is higher than that of the alloy annealed at 600-700 ℃, while the percentage elongation of the former is lower than that of the latter. The alloy annealed at 400-550 ℃ shows shape memory effect, and the alloys annealed at 300 ℃ and 600-700 ℃ show superelasticity. With increasing stress-strain cycling number, the platform stress in the stress-strain curve of the alloy decreases. The stability of the shape memory effect in the alloy annealed at 400-550 ℃ and the superelasticity in the alloy annealed at 600-700 ℃ are well.
引文
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[20]商泽进,王忠民,尹冠生,郑碧玉.循环加载条件下Ti Ni形状记忆合金棒材的超弹性行为[J].实验力学,2008,23(4):305-310.SHANG Ze-jin,WANG Zhong-min,YIN Guan-sheng,ZHENG Bi-yu.Superelastic behavior under cyclic loading for Ti Ni shape memory alloy bars[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2008,23(4):305-310.
[21]贺志荣.Ti-Ni-V形状记忆合金超弹性研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2015,44(7):1639-1642.HE Zhi-rong.Superelasticity of Ti-Ni-V shape memory alloys[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2015,44(7):1639-1642.
[2]HE Z,LIU M.Effect of heat treatment on transformation behavior of Ti-Ni-V shape memory alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2011,528(22):6993-6997.
[3]DAGHASH S M,OZBULUT O E.Characterization of superelastic shape memory alloy fiber-reinforced polymer composites under tensile cyclic loading[J].Materials and Design,2016,111:504-512.
[4]贺志荣,刘曼倩,王芳,张永宏,王永善.时效工艺对Ti-Ni-V形状记忆合金组织和超弹性的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(5):1301-1306.HE Zhi-rong,LIU Man-qian,WANG Fang,ZHANGYong-hong,WANG Yong-shan.Effect of aging process on microstructure and superelasticity of Ti-Ni-V shape memory alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(5):1301-1306.
[5]JANI J M,LEARY M,SUBIC A,GIBSON M A.Review of shape memory alloy research,applications and opportunities[J].Materials and Design,2014,56:1078-1113.
[6]KANG X,LI Y,YIN X,XIE H,MI X.The microstructure and properties of Ti50Ni47Fe3 and Ti50Ni46.75Fe3Cr0.25shape memory alloy[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,631/632:326-330.
[7]RONG L,MILLER D A,LAGOUDAS D C.Transformation behavior in a thermomechanically cycled Ti Ni Cu alloy[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2001,32(11):2689-2693.
[8]商泽进,王忠民,李新波,郑碧玉.冷加工变形量对Ti NiCu形状记忆合金棒材形状记忆效应的影响[J].机械科学与技术,2010,29(7):902-905.SHANG Ze-jin,WANG Zhong-min,LI Xin-bo,ZHENGBi-yu.Effects of cold deformation on the shape memory effect of Ti Ni Cu alloy bars[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2010,29(7):902-905.
[9]HE Z,LIU M.Effects of annealing and deforming temperature on microstructure and deformation characteristics of Ti-Ni-V shape memory alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering B,2012,177:986-991.
[10]李贵发,孙益阳,洪起虎.热处理温度对NiTiNb5相变温度和组织的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2012,32(3):15-18.LI Gui-fa,SUN Yi-yang,HONG Qi-hu.Influence of heat treatment temperature on phase transformation temperature and microstructure of Ni Ti Nb5 alloy[J].Special Casting and Nonferrous Alloys,2012,32(3):15-18.
[11]ZHAO Xin-qing.Mechanical properties and transformation behavior of NiTiNb shape memory alloys[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2009,22(5):540-543.
[12]XIAO Fu,MA Guo-jun,ZHAO Xin-qing.Effects of Nb content on yield strength of NiTiNb alloys in martensite state[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2009,22(6):658-662.
[13]SHARIAT B S,MENG Qing-lin,MAHMUD A S,WUZhi-gang,BAKHTIARI R,ZHANG Jun-song,MOTAZEDIAN F,YANG Hong,RIO G,NAM T H,LIUYi-nong.Functionally graded shape memory alloys:Design,fabrication and experimental evaluation[J].Materials and Design,2017,124:225-237.
[14]贺志荣,王芳.热处理对Ti-49.8Ni-1.0Co超弹性合金相变行为的影响[J].金属学报,2008,44(1):23-28.HE Zhi-rong,WANG Fang.Effect of heat treatment on transformation behavior of superelastic alloy Ti-49.8Ni-1.0Co[J].Acta Metallurglca Sinica,2008,44(1):23-28.
[15]贺志荣.Ti-50.8Ni-0.3Cr超弹性合金的相变与形变特性[J].金属学报,2008,44(9):1076-1080.HE Zhi-rong.Transformation and deformation characteristics of Ti-50.8Ni-0.3Cr superelastic alloy[J].Acta Metallurglca Sinica,2008,44(9):1076-1080.
[16]JIANG F,LIU Y,YANG H,LI L,ZHENG Y F.Effect of ageing treatment on the deformation behavior of Ti-50.9at.%Ni[J].Acta Materialia,2009,57(16):4773-4781.
[17]SEMBA H,OKABE N,YAMAJI T,OKITA K,YAMAUCHIK.Effects of applied strain and subsequent heat treatment at intermediate temperature on mechanical properties of a thin plate Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloy[J].Materials Transactions,2006,47(3):772-779.
[18]贺志荣,王芳.Ti-Ni-V形状记忆合金的循环形变特性[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(7):1866-1872.HE Zhi-rong,WANG Fang.Cyclic deformation characteristics of Ti-Ni-V shape memory alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(7):1866-1872.
[19]ATLI K C.The effect of tensile deformation on the damping capacity of Ni Ti shape memory alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,679:260-267.
[20]商泽进,王忠民,尹冠生,郑碧玉.循环加载条件下Ti Ni形状记忆合金棒材的超弹性行为[J].实验力学,2008,23(4):305-310.SHANG Ze-jin,WANG Zhong-min,YIN Guan-sheng,ZHENG Bi-yu.Superelastic behavior under cyclic loading for Ti Ni shape memory alloy bars[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2008,23(4):305-310.
[21]贺志荣.Ti-Ni-V形状记忆合金超弹性研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2015,44(7):1639-1642.HE Zhi-rong.Superelasticity of Ti-Ni-V shape memory alloys[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2015,44(7):1639-1642.