大地电场岩体裂隙模型的应用基础与震例解析
|
摘要
应用大地电场岩体裂隙模型,对中国大陆主要块体内电磁环境、装置系统较好的40个台站进行分析,发现80%场地岩体裂隙结构处于发育阶段、15%场地裂隙处于排列有序的长大阶段、5%场地岩体较破碎,这些不同阶段的岩体裂隙结构对应着不同的大地电场幅度、方向变化特征.通过对2013年至2018年3月中国大陆6次典型震例解析,发现在强震震中200km范围内,岩体裂隙处于长大或发育好的场地较集中,而且这些场地在强震前更容易发生岩体剪裂、裂隙优势方位偏转和大幅度突跳等结构变异,200km外场地裂隙优势方位多发生突跳现象.总体上,这些现象还具有时间准同步性、场地选择性特点.
With the model of telluric field rock cracks,this work analyzes 40 geoelectric field stations with better electromagnetic environment and device systems in main blocks of Chinese mainland.It is found that rock crack structure of the 80% sites is in the development stage,that of the 15% is in an orderly stage of growth and the 5% is rather broken.These crack structures of the rock masses at different stages correspond to different magnitudes and direction change features of the telluric field.Six typical earthquakes in mainland China from 2013 to March 2018 are analyzed.The results show that rock cracks are in the stage of growth or well developed concentrated at the sites within 200 km to epicenters of major earthquakes,and at these sites occurred more easily structural variations such as rock shear cracks,deflection of preferred orientation of cracks and large jump.Outside 200 km to the epicenters,jumps of preferred orientations of cracks occurred at the sites.On the whole,these phenomena also have features of time quasi-synchronization and site selectivity.
With the model of telluric field rock cracks,this work analyzes 40 geoelectric field stations with better electromagnetic environment and device systems in main blocks of Chinese mainland.It is found that rock crack structure of the 80% sites is in the development stage,that of the 15% is in an orderly stage of growth and the 5% is rather broken.These crack structures of the rock masses at different stages correspond to different magnitudes and direction change features of the telluric field.Six typical earthquakes in mainland China from 2013 to March 2018 are analyzed.The results show that rock cracks are in the stage of growth or well developed concentrated at the sites within 200 km to epicenters of major earthquakes,and at these sites occurred more easily structural variations such as rock shear cracks,deflection of preferred orientation of cracks and large jump.Outside 200 km to the epicenters,jumps of preferred orientations of cracks occurred at the sites.On the whole,these phenomena also have features of time quasi-synchronization and site selectivity.
引文
An Z H,Du X B,Tan D C,et al.2013.Study on the geo-electric field variation of Sichuan Lushan MS7.0and Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(11):3868-3876,doi:10.6038/cjg20131128.
Chen Y,Huang T F,Liu E R.2009.Rock Physics(in Chinese).Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,6-131.
Du X B,Xi J L,Tan D C,et al.2006.DB/T 18.2-2006Specification for the construction of seismic station Geoelectrical station Part2:Geoelectrical field observatory(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,829-843.
Fan Y Y,Du X B,Zlotnicki J,et al.2010.The electromagnetic phenomena before the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(12):2887-2898,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.012.
Huang Q H.2011a.Rethinking earthquake-related DC-ULF electromagnetic phenomena:towards a physics-based approach.Nat.Hazards Earth Syst.Sci.,11(11):2941-2949.
Huang Q H.2011b.Retrospective investigation of geophysical data possibly associated with the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,41(4-5):421-427.
Huang Q H,Liu T.2006.Earthquakes and tide response of geoelectric potential field at the Niijima station.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),49(6):1745-1754.
Huang Q H,Lin Y F.2010.Numerical simulation of selectivity of seismic electric signal and its possible influences.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(3):535-543,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.007.
Huang Q H,Lin Y F.2010.Selectivity of seismic electric signal(SES)of the 2000Izu earthquake swarm:a 3DFEM numerical simulation model.Proc.Japan Acad.B,86(3):257-264.
Li C L,Gao M T,Xu W J,et al.2016.Influence of strong earthquakes on the occurrence rate of major earthquakes and applications on Xianshuihe fault.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(8):2833-2842,doi:10.6038/cjg20160810.
Liu J,Du X B,Zlotnicki J,et al.2011.The changes of the ground and ionosphere electric/magnetic fields before several great earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(11):2885-2897,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.11.018.
Ren H X,Chen X F,Huang Q H.2012.Numerical simulation of coseismic electromagnetic fields associated with seismic waves due to finite faulting in porous media.Geophys.J.Int.,188(3):925-944,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05309.
Ren H X,Wen J,Huang Q H,et al.2015.Electrokinetic effect combined with surface-charge assumption:apossible generation mechanism of coseismic EM signals.Geophys.J.Int.,200(2):837-850,doi:10.1093/gji/ggu435.
Sun Z J,Wang H J.1984.Introduction on the Geoelctric Subject(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,23-28.
Tan D C,Wang L W,Zhao J L,et al.2011.Influence factors of harmonic waves and directional waveforms of tidal geoelectrical field.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(7):1842-1853,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.07.018.
Tan D C,Xin J C.2017.Correlation between abnormal trends in the spontaneous fields of tectonic plates and strong seismicities.Earthq.Sci.,30(4):173-181,doi:10.1007/s11589-017-0180-9.
Tan D C,Xi J L,Zhang H,et al.2013.Hydrogeologic factors of geoelectric field and diurnal computation of preferred orientation of crack water seepage.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),35(1):36-49.
Tan D C,Zhao J L,Liu X F,et al.2014.Features of regional variations of the spontaneous field.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(5):1588-1598,doi:10.6038/cjg20140522.
Tan D C,Zhao J L,Xi J L,et al.2010.A study on feature and mechanism of the tidal geoelectrical field.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(3):544-555,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.008.
Tan D C,Zhao J L,Xi J L,et al.2012.The variation of waveform and analysis of composition for the geoelectrical field before moderate or strong earthquakes in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(3):875-885,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.017.
Tang J,Zhan Y,Wang L F,et al.2010.Electromagnetic coseismic effect associated with aftershock of Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(3):526-534,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.006.
Teng J W.2010.Ponder and research on the genesis and occurrence of strong earthquakes and the prediction of their place,time and intensity.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(8):1749-1766,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.08.001.
Varotsos P,Alexopoulous K.1984a.Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the earth preceding earthquakes,Ⅰ.Tectonophysics,110(1-2):73-98.
Varotsos P,Alexopoulous K.1984b.Physical properties of the variations of electric field of the earth preceding earthquakes,Ⅱ.Determination of epicenter and magnitude.Tectonophysics,110(1-2):99-125.
Wang J J,Li Q,Yang D M,et al.2017.An improved FMI method of deriving Kindices.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(7):2534-2544,doi:10.6038/cjg20170703.
Xin J C,Tan D C,Zhao F,et al.2017.Calculation of preferred orientation of rock cracks influenced by typical interferences.Earthquake(in Chinese),37(4):112-122.
Xu W Y,Li W D.1993.UT-Variability of the Sqdynamo current and its ground magnetic field reconstruction.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),36(4):417-427.
Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Xiao Q B,et al.2009.Generation mechanism of Wenchuan strong earthquake of MS8.0inferred from EMmeasurements in three levers.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(2):553-563.
Zhou J C,Xu J Q,Sun H P.2009.Accurate correction models for tidal gravity in Chinese continent.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(6):1474-1482,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.06.008.
安张辉,杜学彬,谭大诚等.2013.四川芦山MS7.0和汶川MS8.0地震前地电场变化研究.地球物理学报,56(11):3868-3876,doi:10.6038/cjg20131128.
陈颙,黄庭芳,刘恩儒.2009.岩石物理学.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,6-131.
杜学彬,席继楼,谭大诚等.2006.DB/T 18.2-2006地震台站建设规范地电台站第2部分:地电场台站.北京:地震出版社,829-843.
范莹莹,杜学彬,Zlotnicki J等.2010.汶川MS8.0大震前的电磁现象.地球物理学报,53(12):2887-2898,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.012.
黄清华,刘涛.2006.新岛台地电场的潮汐响应与地震.地球物理学报,49(6):1745-1754.
黄清华,林玉峰.2010.地震电信号选择性数值模拟及可能影响因素.地球物理学报,53(3):535-543,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.007.
李昌珑,高孟潭,徐伟进等.2016.强震对大地震发生率的影响研究及在鲜水河断裂带的应用.地球物理学报,59(8):2833-2842,doi:10.6038/cjg20160810.
刘君,杜学彬,Zlatnicki J等.2011.几次大震前的地面和空间电磁场变化.地球物理学报,54(11):2885-2897,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.11.018.
孙正江,王华俊.1984.地电概论.北京:地震出版社,23-28.
谭大诚,王兰炜,赵家骝等.2011.潮汐地电场谐波和各向波形的影响要素.地球物理学报,54(7):1842-1853,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.07.018.
谭大诚,席继楼,张慧等.2013.地电场水文地质因素及裂隙水主体渗流方向逐日计算.地震学报,35(1):36-49.
谭大诚,赵家骝,刘小凤等.2014.自然电场的区域性变化特征.地球物理学报,57(5):1588-1598,doi:10.6038/cjg20140522.
谭大诚,赵家骝,席继楼等.2010.潮汐地电场特征及机理研究.地球物理学报,53(3):544-555,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.008.
谭大诚,赵家蹓,席继楼等.2012.青藏高原中强地震前的地电场变异及构成解析.地球物理学报,55(3):875-885,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.017.
汤吉,詹艳,王立风等.2010.汶川地震强余震的电磁同震效应.地球物理学报,53(3):526-534,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.006.
滕吉文.2010.强烈地震孕育与发生的地点、时间及强度预测的思考与探讨.地球物理学报,53(8):1749-1766,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.08.001.
王建军,李琪,杨冬梅等.2017.地磁活动K指数自动计算FMI方法的改进.地球物理学报,60(7):2534-2544,doi:10.6038/cjg20170703.
辛建村,谭大诚,赵菲等.2017.典型干扰对岩体裂隙优势方位计算结果的影响研究.地震,37(4):112-122.
徐文耀,李卫东.1993.Sq发电机电流的UT变异性及其地面磁场的重建.地球物理学报,36(4):417-427.
赵国泽,陈小斌,肖骑彬等.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震成因三“层次”分析-基于深部电性结构.地球物理学报,52(2):553-563.
周江存,徐建桥,孙和平.2009.中国大陆精密重力潮汐改正模型.地球物理学报,52(6):1474-1482,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.06.008.
Chen Y,Huang T F,Liu E R.2009.Rock Physics(in Chinese).Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,6-131.
Du X B,Xi J L,Tan D C,et al.2006.DB/T 18.2-2006Specification for the construction of seismic station Geoelectrical station Part2:Geoelectrical field observatory(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,829-843.
Fan Y Y,Du X B,Zlotnicki J,et al.2010.The electromagnetic phenomena before the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(12):2887-2898,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.012.
Huang Q H.2011a.Rethinking earthquake-related DC-ULF electromagnetic phenomena:towards a physics-based approach.Nat.Hazards Earth Syst.Sci.,11(11):2941-2949.
Huang Q H.2011b.Retrospective investigation of geophysical data possibly associated with the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,41(4-5):421-427.
Huang Q H,Liu T.2006.Earthquakes and tide response of geoelectric potential field at the Niijima station.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),49(6):1745-1754.
Huang Q H,Lin Y F.2010.Numerical simulation of selectivity of seismic electric signal and its possible influences.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(3):535-543,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.007.
Huang Q H,Lin Y F.2010.Selectivity of seismic electric signal(SES)of the 2000Izu earthquake swarm:a 3DFEM numerical simulation model.Proc.Japan Acad.B,86(3):257-264.
Li C L,Gao M T,Xu W J,et al.2016.Influence of strong earthquakes on the occurrence rate of major earthquakes and applications on Xianshuihe fault.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(8):2833-2842,doi:10.6038/cjg20160810.
Liu J,Du X B,Zlotnicki J,et al.2011.The changes of the ground and ionosphere electric/magnetic fields before several great earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(11):2885-2897,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.11.018.
Ren H X,Chen X F,Huang Q H.2012.Numerical simulation of coseismic electromagnetic fields associated with seismic waves due to finite faulting in porous media.Geophys.J.Int.,188(3):925-944,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05309.
Ren H X,Wen J,Huang Q H,et al.2015.Electrokinetic effect combined with surface-charge assumption:apossible generation mechanism of coseismic EM signals.Geophys.J.Int.,200(2):837-850,doi:10.1093/gji/ggu435.
Sun Z J,Wang H J.1984.Introduction on the Geoelctric Subject(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,23-28.
Tan D C,Wang L W,Zhao J L,et al.2011.Influence factors of harmonic waves and directional waveforms of tidal geoelectrical field.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(7):1842-1853,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.07.018.
Tan D C,Xin J C.2017.Correlation between abnormal trends in the spontaneous fields of tectonic plates and strong seismicities.Earthq.Sci.,30(4):173-181,doi:10.1007/s11589-017-0180-9.
Tan D C,Xi J L,Zhang H,et al.2013.Hydrogeologic factors of geoelectric field and diurnal computation of preferred orientation of crack water seepage.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),35(1):36-49.
Tan D C,Zhao J L,Liu X F,et al.2014.Features of regional variations of the spontaneous field.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(5):1588-1598,doi:10.6038/cjg20140522.
Tan D C,Zhao J L,Xi J L,et al.2010.A study on feature and mechanism of the tidal geoelectrical field.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(3):544-555,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.008.
Tan D C,Zhao J L,Xi J L,et al.2012.The variation of waveform and analysis of composition for the geoelectrical field before moderate or strong earthquakes in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(3):875-885,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.017.
Tang J,Zhan Y,Wang L F,et al.2010.Electromagnetic coseismic effect associated with aftershock of Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(3):526-534,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.006.
Teng J W.2010.Ponder and research on the genesis and occurrence of strong earthquakes and the prediction of their place,time and intensity.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(8):1749-1766,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.08.001.
Varotsos P,Alexopoulous K.1984a.Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the earth preceding earthquakes,Ⅰ.Tectonophysics,110(1-2):73-98.
Varotsos P,Alexopoulous K.1984b.Physical properties of the variations of electric field of the earth preceding earthquakes,Ⅱ.Determination of epicenter and magnitude.Tectonophysics,110(1-2):99-125.
Wang J J,Li Q,Yang D M,et al.2017.An improved FMI method of deriving Kindices.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(7):2534-2544,doi:10.6038/cjg20170703.
Xin J C,Tan D C,Zhao F,et al.2017.Calculation of preferred orientation of rock cracks influenced by typical interferences.Earthquake(in Chinese),37(4):112-122.
Xu W Y,Li W D.1993.UT-Variability of the Sqdynamo current and its ground magnetic field reconstruction.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),36(4):417-427.
Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Xiao Q B,et al.2009.Generation mechanism of Wenchuan strong earthquake of MS8.0inferred from EMmeasurements in three levers.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(2):553-563.
Zhou J C,Xu J Q,Sun H P.2009.Accurate correction models for tidal gravity in Chinese continent.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(6):1474-1482,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.06.008.
安张辉,杜学彬,谭大诚等.2013.四川芦山MS7.0和汶川MS8.0地震前地电场变化研究.地球物理学报,56(11):3868-3876,doi:10.6038/cjg20131128.
陈颙,黄庭芳,刘恩儒.2009.岩石物理学.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,6-131.
杜学彬,席继楼,谭大诚等.2006.DB/T 18.2-2006地震台站建设规范地电台站第2部分:地电场台站.北京:地震出版社,829-843.
范莹莹,杜学彬,Zlotnicki J等.2010.汶川MS8.0大震前的电磁现象.地球物理学报,53(12):2887-2898,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.012.
黄清华,刘涛.2006.新岛台地电场的潮汐响应与地震.地球物理学报,49(6):1745-1754.
黄清华,林玉峰.2010.地震电信号选择性数值模拟及可能影响因素.地球物理学报,53(3):535-543,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.007.
李昌珑,高孟潭,徐伟进等.2016.强震对大地震发生率的影响研究及在鲜水河断裂带的应用.地球物理学报,59(8):2833-2842,doi:10.6038/cjg20160810.
刘君,杜学彬,Zlatnicki J等.2011.几次大震前的地面和空间电磁场变化.地球物理学报,54(11):2885-2897,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.11.018.
孙正江,王华俊.1984.地电概论.北京:地震出版社,23-28.
谭大诚,王兰炜,赵家骝等.2011.潮汐地电场谐波和各向波形的影响要素.地球物理学报,54(7):1842-1853,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.07.018.
谭大诚,席继楼,张慧等.2013.地电场水文地质因素及裂隙水主体渗流方向逐日计算.地震学报,35(1):36-49.
谭大诚,赵家骝,刘小凤等.2014.自然电场的区域性变化特征.地球物理学报,57(5):1588-1598,doi:10.6038/cjg20140522.
谭大诚,赵家骝,席继楼等.2010.潮汐地电场特征及机理研究.地球物理学报,53(3):544-555,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.008.
谭大诚,赵家蹓,席继楼等.2012.青藏高原中强地震前的地电场变异及构成解析.地球物理学报,55(3):875-885,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.017.
汤吉,詹艳,王立风等.2010.汶川地震强余震的电磁同震效应.地球物理学报,53(3):526-534,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.006.
滕吉文.2010.强烈地震孕育与发生的地点、时间及强度预测的思考与探讨.地球物理学报,53(8):1749-1766,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.08.001.
王建军,李琪,杨冬梅等.2017.地磁活动K指数自动计算FMI方法的改进.地球物理学报,60(7):2534-2544,doi:10.6038/cjg20170703.
辛建村,谭大诚,赵菲等.2017.典型干扰对岩体裂隙优势方位计算结果的影响研究.地震,37(4):112-122.
徐文耀,李卫东.1993.Sq发电机电流的UT变异性及其地面磁场的重建.地球物理学报,36(4):417-427.
赵国泽,陈小斌,肖骑彬等.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震成因三“层次”分析-基于深部电性结构.地球物理学报,52(2):553-563.
周江存,徐建桥,孙和平.2009.中国大陆精密重力潮汐改正模型.地球物理学报,52(6):1474-1482,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.06.008.