三种不同需冷量桃品种休眠诱导期生理变化
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摘要
以三个不同需冷量的桃品种‘常绿桃’(无)、‘春捷’(102～120 C.U.)、‘青州蜜桃’(1200 C.U.)嫁接在同一桃树砧木‘山桃’上为实验材料,研究不同需冷量桃叶片在自然休眠诱导期(8月20日-11月20日)的生理变化。结果表明:在自然休眠诱导期,桃叶片的抗氧化保护酶活性、光合速率、可溶性糖和淀粉含量发生显著变化。随着休眠诱导的发展,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性一直升高,在休眠诱导期后期(10月10日)‘常绿桃’高于‘春捷’和‘青州蜜桃’,过氧化物酶(POD)活性下降,不同需冷量桃无显著差异,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈双峰变化且常绿桃峰值低于‘春捷’和‘青州蜜桃’;净光合速率呈下降趋势但常绿桃高于‘春捷’和‘青州蜜桃’且峰值分别是‘春捷’和‘青州蜜桃’的1.96和3.13倍;可溶性糖含量降低、淀粉含量增加但‘常绿桃’可溶性糖含量高于‘春捷’和‘青州蜜桃’、淀粉含量低于‘春捷’和‘青州蜜桃’。以上结果表明,‘常绿桃’在休眠诱导期保护酶活性、光合速率和可溶性糖含量均高于‘春捷’和‘青州蜜桃’,淀粉含量低于‘春捷’和‘青州蜜桃’。
Physiological changes of peach leaves in dormancy induction period(20 th August-20 th November) were studied with three different chilling requirement peach cultivars ‘evergreen peach'(no), ‘Chunjie'(102～120 C.U.), ‘Qingzhou' Peach(1200 C.U.) was grafted on the same peach rootstock. The result indicated that the activities of antioxidant protective enzymes, photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar and starch content in peach leaves all significantly changed during the natural dormancy induction. Along with dormancy developing, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased and in the late dormancy induction period(10 th October), the evergreen peach was higher than that of ‘Chun Jie' and ‘Qingzhou peach', the activity of peroxidase(POD) decreased and there was no significant difference between peach cultivars with different chilling requirement, the activity of catalase(CAT) changed as double Peak and the peak value of ‘evergreen peach' were lower than dormant peach; the net photosynthetic rate decreased but the value of everygreen peach was higher than ‘Chun Jie' and‘Qingzhou peach' and the peak was 1.96 and 3.13 times of ‘chunjie' and ‘qingzhou' peach respectively. The content of soluble sugar decreased and the starch content increased but the content of soluble sugar of evergreen peach was higher than‘Chun Jie' and ‘Qingzhou peach', starch content was lower than them. The above results showed that the protective enzymes activity, photosynthesis rate and soluble sugar content was higher than ‘Chun Jie' and ‘Qingzhou peach', the starch content was lower than ‘Chun Jie' and ‘Qingzhou peach'.
Physiological changes of peach leaves in dormancy induction period(20 th August-20 th November) were studied with three different chilling requirement peach cultivars ‘evergreen peach'(no), ‘Chunjie'(102～120 C.U.), ‘Qingzhou' Peach(1200 C.U.) was grafted on the same peach rootstock. The result indicated that the activities of antioxidant protective enzymes, photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar and starch content in peach leaves all significantly changed during the natural dormancy induction. Along with dormancy developing, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased and in the late dormancy induction period(10 th October), the evergreen peach was higher than that of ‘Chun Jie' and ‘Qingzhou peach', the activity of peroxidase(POD) decreased and there was no significant difference between peach cultivars with different chilling requirement, the activity of catalase(CAT) changed as double Peak and the peak value of ‘evergreen peach' were lower than dormant peach; the net photosynthetic rate decreased but the value of everygreen peach was higher than ‘Chun Jie' and‘Qingzhou peach' and the peak was 1.96 and 3.13 times of ‘chunjie' and ‘qingzhou' peach respectively. The content of soluble sugar decreased and the starch content increased but the content of soluble sugar of evergreen peach was higher than‘Chun Jie' and ‘Qingzhou peach', starch content was lower than them. The above results showed that the protective enzymes activity, photosynthesis rate and soluble sugar content was higher than ‘Chun Jie' and ‘Qingzhou peach', the starch content was lower than ‘Chun Jie' and ‘Qingzhou peach'.
引文
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[16]王海波,王孝娣,程存刚,等.桃芽休眠的自然诱导因子及钙在休眠诱导中的作用[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2333-2338
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[21]李春燕,陈思思,徐雯,等.苗期低温胁迫对扬麦叶片抗氧化酶和渗透调节物质的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(12):2293-2298
[22]Ley S,Dolger K,Appenroth KJ.Carbohydrate metabolism as a possible physiological modulator of dormancy in turions of Spirodela polyrhiza(L.)Schleiden[J].Plant Science,1997,129(1):5-7
[23]Tabaeiaghdaei SR,Pearce RS,Harrison P.Sugars regulate cold-induced gene expression and freezing-tolerance in barley cell cultures[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2003,54(387):1565-1575
[24]施征,白登忠,张维诚,等.青海云杉休眠前后非结构性碳水化合物含量随海拔变化[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(6):908-915
[25]Ito A,Sugiura T,Sakamoto D,et al.Effects of dormancy progression and low-temperature response on changes in the sorbitol concentration in xylem sap of Japanese pear during winter season[J].Tree Physiology 2013,33(4):398-408
[26]Anderson JV,Gesch RW,Jia Y,et al.Seasonal shifts in dormancy status,carbohydrate metabolism,and related gene expression in crown buds of leafy spurge[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2005,28(12):1567-1578
[2]Sherson SM,Alford HL,Forbes SM,et al.Roles of cell wall invertases and monosaccharide transporters in the growth and development of Arabidopsis[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2003,54(382):525-531
[3]王海波,王孝娣,高东升,等.不同需冷量桃品种芽休眠诱导期间的生理变化[J].果树学报,2009,26(4):445-449
[4]代汉萍,薛志杰,郭修武.树莓自然越冬枝条生理生化特性研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,31(5):573-577
[5]李冬梅,谭秋平,高东升,等.光周期对休眠诱导期桃树光合及PSⅡ光系统性能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):1933-1939
[6]李冬梅.光周期诱导设施桃树休眠的生理生化变化及蛋白质组学初探[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012:12-15
[7]González-rossia D,Reig C,Dovis V,et al.Changes on carbohydrates and nitrogen content in the bark tissues induced by artificial and its relationship with dormancy bud break in Prunus sp.[J].Sciential Horticulturae,2008,118(4):275-281
[8]Wang K,Shao XF,Gong YF,et al.The metabolism of soluble carbohydrates related to chilling injury in peach fruit exposed to cold stress[J].Postharvest Biology&Technology,2013,86(3):53-61
[9]Koehler G,Wilson RC,Goodpaster JV,et al.Proteomic study of low-temperature responses in strawberry cultivars(Fragaria×ananassa)that differ in cold tolerance[J].Plant Physiology,2012,159(4):1787-1805
[10]Ghrab M,Mimoun MB,Masmoudi MM,et al.Chilling trends in a warm production area and their impact on flowering and fruiting of peach trees[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,178(8):87-94
[11]Horvath DP,Chao WS,Anderson JV.Molecular analysis of signals controlling dormancy and growth in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge[J].Plant Physiology,2002,128(4):1439-1446(下转第74页)
[12]孙凌俊,吕春晶,马丽,等.‘巨峰’葡萄休眠及解除过程糖类物质变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(28):93-98
[13]Mohamed HB,Vadel AM,Geuns JMC,et al.Biochemical changes in dormant grapevine shoot tissues in response to chilling:possible role in dormancy release[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2010,124(4):440-447
[14]李玲.桃花芽休眠解除SSH文库构建及相关基因的功能分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2011:34-35
[15]Jian LC,Li PH,Sun LH,et al.Alteration in ultrastructure and subcellular localization of Ca2+in poplar apical bud cells during the induction of dormancy[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1997,48(6):1195-1207
[16]王海波,王孝娣,程存刚,等.桃芽休眠的自然诱导因子及钙在休眠诱导中的作用[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2333-2338
[17]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:211-232
[18]李合生.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:250-251
[19]Kalberer SR,Wisniewski M,Arora R.Deacclimation and reacclimation of cold-hardy plants:Current understanding and emerging concepts[J].Plant Sciece,2006,171(1):3-16
[20]Martinez-reyes I,Cuezva JM.The H(+)-ATP synthase:Agate to ROS-mediated cell death or cell survival[J].Biochimica Biophysica Acta,2014,1837(7):1099-1112
[21]李春燕,陈思思,徐雯,等.苗期低温胁迫对扬麦叶片抗氧化酶和渗透调节物质的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(12):2293-2298
[22]Ley S,Dolger K,Appenroth KJ.Carbohydrate metabolism as a possible physiological modulator of dormancy in turions of Spirodela polyrhiza(L.)Schleiden[J].Plant Science,1997,129(1):5-7
[23]Tabaeiaghdaei SR,Pearce RS,Harrison P.Sugars regulate cold-induced gene expression and freezing-tolerance in barley cell cultures[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2003,54(387):1565-1575
[24]施征,白登忠,张维诚,等.青海云杉休眠前后非结构性碳水化合物含量随海拔变化[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(6):908-915
[25]Ito A,Sugiura T,Sakamoto D,et al.Effects of dormancy progression and low-temperature response on changes in the sorbitol concentration in xylem sap of Japanese pear during winter season[J].Tree Physiology 2013,33(4):398-408
[26]Anderson JV,Gesch RW,Jia Y,et al.Seasonal shifts in dormancy status,carbohydrate metabolism,and related gene expression in crown buds of leafy spurge[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2005,28(12):1567-1578