胡萝卜收获机根茎分离装置设计与试验
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摘要
为了提高胡萝卜收获机的作业质量,在统计分析主要胡萝卜品种物理特性参数的基础上,设计了一种由平板式齐平器、水平夹持输送机构、双圆盘式切秧机构和上水平夹持输送机构等组成的根茎分离装置。利用解析作图法对双圆盘式切秧机构进行受力和运动分析,得出了茎秆顺利切割满足的力学关系;结合作业速度分析,确定了圆盘刀的转速范围为312~325 r/min;以胡萝卜收获农艺要求及低能耗为目标,通过理论计算得出了圆盘刀的各关键结构和工作参数。设计了两种结构形式的圆盘刀,选取切净率和肉质根损伤率为试验指标,进行对比田间试验,结果表明:在转速315 r/min时,刃角型普通圆盘刀与锯齿状圆盘刀根茎分离效果近似,切秧率均超过90%,肉质根损伤率低于2%。考虑经济性,采用刃角型普通圆盘刀加装根茎分离装置,进行了整机田间试验,结果表明:在机器前进速度1.34 m/s时,胡萝卜收净率98.3%、切秧率90.6%、肉质根损伤率1.8%、总损失率3.5%,符合胡萝卜收获的技术指标要求。
In order to improve the work quality of carrot harvester,roots and stems cutting device of carrot was designed based on statistical analysis of physical parameters of carrot. This device consists of leveler,gripping delivery mechanism,double disc blade cutting device and upper gripping delivery mechanism. Force analysis of double disc blade cutting device was done by the means of graphic analysis,the request of stems being cut was obtained by the experiment; rotate speed of disc blade was determined at 312 ~ 325 r / min by analyzing the operation velocity. The working parameters of disc blade were calculated according to the agricultural requirements and the objective of low energy consumption.Two kinds of blades were designed,and cutting rate and root damage rate were chosen as the experiment indicators. The contrast test was done and the result showed that operation performance of the ordinary disc blade and blade with serrated edge was approximate. Both of above blade's cutting rates were more than 90%,and the root damage rate was less than 2%. Taking the economy into consideration,field experiment was done with the ordinary blade,the result showed that when the device worked at the speed of 1. 34 m / s,the net rate was 98. 3%,cutting rate was 90. 6%,root damage rate was 1. 8% and the total losing rate was 3. 5% which met the requirement of carrot harvester.
In order to improve the work quality of carrot harvester,roots and stems cutting device of carrot was designed based on statistical analysis of physical parameters of carrot. This device consists of leveler,gripping delivery mechanism,double disc blade cutting device and upper gripping delivery mechanism. Force analysis of double disc blade cutting device was done by the means of graphic analysis,the request of stems being cut was obtained by the experiment; rotate speed of disc blade was determined at 312 ~ 325 r / min by analyzing the operation velocity. The working parameters of disc blade were calculated according to the agricultural requirements and the objective of low energy consumption.Two kinds of blades were designed,and cutting rate and root damage rate were chosen as the experiment indicators. The contrast test was done and the result showed that operation performance of the ordinary disc blade and blade with serrated edge was approximate. Both of above blade's cutting rates were more than 90%,and the root damage rate was less than 2%. Taking the economy into consideration,field experiment was done with the ordinary blade,the result showed that when the device worked at the speed of 1. 34 m / s,the net rate was 98. 3%,cutting rate was 90. 6%,root damage rate was 1. 8% and the total losing rate was 3. 5% which met the requirement of carrot harvester.
引文
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7 于昭洋,胡志超,王海鸥,等.大蒜果秧分离机构参数优化及试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):40-46.YU Zhaoyang,HU Zhichao,WANG Haiou,et al.Parameters optimization and experiment of garlic picking mechanism[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):40-46.(in Chinese)
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10 中国农业百科全书总编辑地蔬菜卷编辑委员会,中国农业百科全书编辑部.中国农业百科全书(蔬菜卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1990.
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12 万霖,车刚,汪春,等.4QZR-30型青贮饲料收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(3):187-190.WAN Lin,CHE Gang,WANG Chun,et al.Design and experiment of 4QZR-30 silage harvester mechine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(3):187-190.(in Chinese)
13 李丰根,林茂,徐欧腾,等.两种形式甘蔗切割器对破头率影响的因素分析[J].农机化研究,2012,34(4):136-138.LI Fenggen,LIN Mao,XU Outeng,et al.Analysis of influencing factors on the rate of broken root of two types of cutters[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012,34(4):136-138.(in Chinese)
14 杨薇,李建东,高波,等.胡萝卜种植与收获机械化现状与思考[J].农机化研究,2014,36(12):247-252.YANG Wei,LI Jiandong,GAO Bo,et al.Research status and thinking of the mechanization of planting and harvesting carrot[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2014,36(12):247-252.(in Chinese)
15 徐文龙.切割厚度可调甜菜切顶机构的机理分析与优化设计[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2013.XU Wenlong.Mechanism analysis and parameter optimization for the adjustable cutting thickness of beet cut top mechanism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology University,2013.(in Chinese)
16 陈国晶,赵冰,杨坚,等.甘蔗收割机单圆盘切割器工作参数优化[J].农机化研究,2010,32(2):146-148.CHEN Guojing,ZHAO Bing,YANG Jian,et al.Optimization of working parameters for single disc basecutter of sugarcane harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2010,32(2):146-148.(in Chinese)
17 于昭洋,胡志超,王海鸥,等.大蒜果秧分离试验装置的设计与测试[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(16):7-15.YU Zhaoyang,HU Zhichao,WANG Haiou,et al.Design and testing of head-stem segregation equipment for garlic[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(16):7-15.(in Chinese)
18 刘庆庭,区颖刚,卿上乐,等.甘蔗收割机单圆盘根切器虚拟样机研究[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(8):78-81.LIU Qingting,OU Yinggang,QING Shangle,et al.Virtual prototype study on single disc basecutter of sugarcane harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2007,38(8):78-81.(in Chinese)
19 杨海,周海波,冯小川,等.锯齿形双圆盘切割器切割原理分析与仿真[J].农机化研究,2011,33(9):23-26.YANG Hai,ZHOU Haibo,FENG Xiaochuan,et al.Cutting principle analysis and simulation of hackle dual-disc cutter bar[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(9):23-26.(in Chinese)
2 王俊,杜冬冬,胡金冰,等.蔬菜机械化收获技术及其发展[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(2):81-87.WANG Jun,DU Dongdong,HU Jinbing,et al.Vegetable mechanized harvesting technology and its development[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(2):81-87.(in Chinese)
3 胡志超,彭宝良,尹文庆,等.多功能根茎类联合收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(8):58-61.HU Zhichao,PENG Baoliang,YIN Wenqing,et al.Design and experiment on mulifunctional root-tuber crops combine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(8):58-61.(in Chinese)
4 王俊霖,张喜瑞,李粤,等.组合圆盘式香蕉茎秆切碎机的研究[J].农机化研究,2013,35(3):154-156,163.WANG Junlin,ZHANG Xirui,LI Yue,et al.Study on the combine disc type of banana straw shreddler[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2013,35(3):154-156,163.(in Chinese)
5 宫元娟,佟林林,秦军伟.胡萝卜微粉碎机盘刀设计及试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(9):64-69.GONG Yuanjuan,TONG Linlin,QIN Junwei.Design and experiment on carrot micro-comminution cutters[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(9):64-69.(in Chinese)
6 薛忠,宋德庆,郭向明,等.圆盘式茎秆切割器研究进展[J].农机化研究,2014,36(5):239-243.XUE Zhong,SONG Deqing,GUO Xiangming,et al.The design and research of an energy-efficient pneumatically-operated topheating shaping machine[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2014,36(5):239-243.(in Chinese)
7 于昭洋,胡志超,王海鸥,等.大蒜果秧分离机构参数优化及试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):40-46.YU Zhaoyang,HU Zhichao,WANG Haiou,et al.Parameters optimization and experiment of garlic picking mechanism[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):40-46.(in Chinese)
8 刘宝,张东兴,李晶.MZPH-820型单行马铃薯收获机设计[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(5):81-86.LIU Bao,ZHANG Dongxing,LI Jing.Design on MZPH-820 single-row potato harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(5):81-86.(in Chinese)
9 王家胜,尚书旗.自走式双行胡萝卜联合收获机的研制及试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(12):38-43.WANG Jiasheng,SHANG Shuqi.Development and experiment of double-row self-propelled carrots combine[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(12):38-43.(in Chinese)
10 中国农业百科全书总编辑地蔬菜卷编辑委员会,中国农业百科全书编辑部.中国农业百科全书(蔬菜卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1990.
11 沈亮,杨华,安红宇,等.胡萝卜收获机的设计[J].农机化研究,2015,37(11):71-76.SHEN Liang,YANG Hua,AN Hongyu,et al.Design of a carrot combine[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015,37(11):71-76.(in Chinese)
12 万霖,车刚,汪春,等.4QZR-30型青贮饲料收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(3):187-190.WAN Lin,CHE Gang,WANG Chun,et al.Design and experiment of 4QZR-30 silage harvester mechine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(3):187-190.(in Chinese)
13 李丰根,林茂,徐欧腾,等.两种形式甘蔗切割器对破头率影响的因素分析[J].农机化研究,2012,34(4):136-138.LI Fenggen,LIN Mao,XU Outeng,et al.Analysis of influencing factors on the rate of broken root of two types of cutters[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012,34(4):136-138.(in Chinese)
14 杨薇,李建东,高波,等.胡萝卜种植与收获机械化现状与思考[J].农机化研究,2014,36(12):247-252.YANG Wei,LI Jiandong,GAO Bo,et al.Research status and thinking of the mechanization of planting and harvesting carrot[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2014,36(12):247-252.(in Chinese)
15 徐文龙.切割厚度可调甜菜切顶机构的机理分析与优化设计[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2013.XU Wenlong.Mechanism analysis and parameter optimization for the adjustable cutting thickness of beet cut top mechanism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology University,2013.(in Chinese)
16 陈国晶,赵冰,杨坚,等.甘蔗收割机单圆盘切割器工作参数优化[J].农机化研究,2010,32(2):146-148.CHEN Guojing,ZHAO Bing,YANG Jian,et al.Optimization of working parameters for single disc basecutter of sugarcane harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2010,32(2):146-148.(in Chinese)
17 于昭洋,胡志超,王海鸥,等.大蒜果秧分离试验装置的设计与测试[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(16):7-15.YU Zhaoyang,HU Zhichao,WANG Haiou,et al.Design and testing of head-stem segregation equipment for garlic[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(16):7-15.(in Chinese)
18 刘庆庭,区颖刚,卿上乐,等.甘蔗收割机单圆盘根切器虚拟样机研究[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(8):78-81.LIU Qingting,OU Yinggang,QING Shangle,et al.Virtual prototype study on single disc basecutter of sugarcane harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2007,38(8):78-81.(in Chinese)
19 杨海,周海波,冯小川,等.锯齿形双圆盘切割器切割原理分析与仿真[J].农机化研究,2011,33(9):23-26.YANG Hai,ZHOU Haibo,FENG Xiaochuan,et al.Cutting principle analysis and simulation of hackle dual-disc cutter bar[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(9):23-26.(in Chinese)