大棚养殖和露天养殖模式下不同生长阶段凡纳滨对虾肌肉营养成分比较
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摘要
分析凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)在大棚养殖(40、60、74、94 d)和露天养殖(40、60、80、95 d)模式下相近生长阶段肌肉中水解氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成和含量,并对其营养价值进行评价。结果表明:(1)在大棚养殖和露天养殖模式下,凡纳滨对虾肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量在其相近生长阶段间无显著性差异。(2)大棚养殖模式下,凡纳滨对虾生长至40、60、74、94 d时的不饱和脂肪酸分别占脂肪酸总量的64.46%、60.97%、62.47%、63.16%;露天养殖模式下,凡纳滨对虾生长至40、60、80、95 d时的不饱和脂肪酸含量分别占脂肪酸总量的67.69%、64.74%、65.35%、65.63%。两种养殖模式下凡纳滨对虾肌肉均含丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,且大棚养殖模式下凡纳滨对虾在其相近生长阶段的多不饱和脂肪酸显著(P<0.05)低于露天养殖。(3)大棚养殖和露天养殖模式下相近生长阶段凡纳滨对虾肌肉氨基酸组成基本一致,均包含17种氨基酸。大棚养殖模式下,凡纳滨对虾生长至40、60、80、95 d时必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比值分别为29.36%、30.71%、33.28%、32.91%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值分别为50.04%、55.63%、63.14%、60.56%;露天养殖模式下,凡纳滨对虾生长至40、60、80、95 d时必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比值分别为34.70%、33.69%、32.93%、34.11%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值分别为64.44%、63.72%、62.66%、66.76%,基本符合FAO/WHO理想模式,露天养殖的凡纳滨对虾氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸总量均显著高于大棚养殖。大棚养殖和露天养殖模式下凡纳滨对虾是一种高蛋白低脂肪,具有较高营养保健价值的虾类资源;露天养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉营养品质总体优于大棚养殖的凡纳滨对虾。
The composition and contents of hydrolytic amino acids and fatty acids of greenhouse cultured(40, 60, 74, 94 d) and outdoor cultured(40,60,80,95 d) Litopenaeus vannamei were analyzed during similar growth phases and the nutritional values were assessed. The results showed that:(1)Under the greenhouse culture and outdoor culture mode, the contents of crude protein, crude fat and ash in shrimp muscles showed no obvious difference among Litopenaeus vannamei in similar growth phases.(2)Under the greenhouse culture mode,the unsaturated fatty acids of Litopenaeus vannamei at 40, 60, 74 and 94 d accounted for 64.46%, 60.97%, 62.47% and 63.16% of the total fatty acid content, respectively.Under the outdoor culture mode, the unsaturated fatty acid contents of Litopenaeus vannamei at 40, 60, 80 and 95 d accounted for 67.69%, 64.74%, 65.35% and 65.63% of the total fatty acid content, respectively.The muscles of Litopenaeus vannamei were rich in unsaturated fatty acids under the two cultivation modes, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids of Litopenaeus vannamei in the similar growth stage under the greenhouse cultivation mode were significantly lower than that in the outdoor cultivation mode.(3)The amino acids composition in greenhouse cultured and outdoor cultured Litopenaeus vannamei in similar growth stages were consistent, which contained 17 kinds of amino acids.When Litopenaeus vannamei grew to 40 d, 60 d, 80 d and 95 d in the greenhouse culture mode,ΣEAA/ΣAA ratios were 29.36%, 30.71%, 33.28%, 32.91% and ΣEAA/ΣNEAA ratios were 50.04%, 55.63%, 63.14%, 60.56%.When Litopenaeus vannameigrew to 40 d, 60 d, 80 d and 95 d in the outdoor culture mode,ΣEAA/ΣAA ratios were 34.70%, 33.69%, 32.93%, 34.11%,ΣEAA/ΣNEAA ratios were 64.44%, 63.72%, 62.66%, 66.76%, which basically conformed to the FAO/WHO ideal model. The total amount of amino acids, essential amino acids and delicious amino acids in outdoor cultured Litopenaeus vannamei were higher than those cultured in greenhouse.Conclusions are as follows: Greenhouse cultured and outdoor cultured Litopenaeus vannamei was a kind of shrimp which had high protein, low fat and high nutritional value; The nutritional quality of muscles of outdoor cultured Litopenaeus vannamei was better than that of greenhouse cultured Litopenaeus vannamei.
The composition and contents of hydrolytic amino acids and fatty acids of greenhouse cultured(40, 60, 74, 94 d) and outdoor cultured(40,60,80,95 d) Litopenaeus vannamei were analyzed during similar growth phases and the nutritional values were assessed. The results showed that:(1)Under the greenhouse culture and outdoor culture mode, the contents of crude protein, crude fat and ash in shrimp muscles showed no obvious difference among Litopenaeus vannamei in similar growth phases.(2)Under the greenhouse culture mode,the unsaturated fatty acids of Litopenaeus vannamei at 40, 60, 74 and 94 d accounted for 64.46%, 60.97%, 62.47% and 63.16% of the total fatty acid content, respectively.Under the outdoor culture mode, the unsaturated fatty acid contents of Litopenaeus vannamei at 40, 60, 80 and 95 d accounted for 67.69%, 64.74%, 65.35% and 65.63% of the total fatty acid content, respectively.The muscles of Litopenaeus vannamei were rich in unsaturated fatty acids under the two cultivation modes, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids of Litopenaeus vannamei in the similar growth stage under the greenhouse cultivation mode were significantly lower than that in the outdoor cultivation mode.(3)The amino acids composition in greenhouse cultured and outdoor cultured Litopenaeus vannamei in similar growth stages were consistent, which contained 17 kinds of amino acids.When Litopenaeus vannamei grew to 40 d, 60 d, 80 d and 95 d in the greenhouse culture mode,ΣEAA/ΣAA ratios were 29.36%, 30.71%, 33.28%, 32.91% and ΣEAA/ΣNEAA ratios were 50.04%, 55.63%, 63.14%, 60.56%.When Litopenaeus vannameigrew to 40 d, 60 d, 80 d and 95 d in the outdoor culture mode,ΣEAA/ΣAA ratios were 34.70%, 33.69%, 32.93%, 34.11%,ΣEAA/ΣNEAA ratios were 64.44%, 63.72%, 62.66%, 66.76%, which basically conformed to the FAO/WHO ideal model. The total amount of amino acids, essential amino acids and delicious amino acids in outdoor cultured Litopenaeus vannamei were higher than those cultured in greenhouse.Conclusions are as follows: Greenhouse cultured and outdoor cultured Litopenaeus vannamei was a kind of shrimp which had high protein, low fat and high nutritional value; The nutritional quality of muscles of outdoor cultured Litopenaeus vannamei was better than that of greenhouse cultured Litopenaeus vannamei.
引文
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[6] 席丽萍,王居安,邱雨燕,等.池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾幼虾到成虾阶段生长差异研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(5):691-698.XI L P,WANG J A,QIU Y Y,et al.Investigation and analysis of the growth differences of larvae to adult stage of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(5):691-698.
[7] FAO/WHO.Energy and protein requirements[R].Rome:FAO Nutrition Meeting Report Series,1973:40-72.
[8] 桥本芳郎.养鱼饲料学[M].蔡完其,译.北京:中国农业出版社,1980:114-115.QIAO B F L.Fish and feed science[M].CAI W Q,trans.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1980:114-115.
[9] 中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表(全国代表值)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991:30-82.Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine.Food ingredient list[M].Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,1991:30-82.
[10] 李晓,王颖,李红艳,等.凡纳滨对虾虾头与肌肉营养成分分析与评价[J].水产科学,2018,37(1):66-72.LI X,WANG Y,LI H Y,et al.Analysis and assessment of nutrient composition in head and muscle of Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Fisheries Science,2018,37(1):66-72.
[11] 初庆柱,刘书成,范德炜,等.南极拟扇虾肌肉营养成分分析[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(1):168-172.CHU Q Z,LIU S C,FAN D W,et al.Analysis on nutritional components of Parribacusantarctcus[J].ActaHydrobiologicaSinica,2012,36(1):168-172.
[12] 崔光艳,姜增华,王假真,等.2种养殖模式下罗氏沼虾肌肉营养成分的比较[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(9):212-214.CUI G Y,JIANG Z H,WANG J Z,et al.Comparison of nutritional components in muscle of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under two models[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(9):212-214.
[13] 杨立,张波涛,许瑞红,等.巢湖秀丽白虾肌肉营养成分分析及营养评价[J].肉类工业,2017(5):36-39.YANG L,ZHANG B T,XU R H,et al.Analysis of nutritional components and nutritional evaluation of Chaohu Exopalaemon modestus muscle[J].Meat Industry,2017(5):36-39.
[14] 丁建英,康琎,徐建荣.东北螯虾和克氏原螯虾肌肉营养成分比较[J].食品科学,2010,31(24):427-431.DING J Y,KANG J,XU J R.Comparison of nutritional compositions in muscle of Cambaroidesdauricus and Procambarusclarkii[J].Food Science,2010,31(24):427-431.
[15] 庄平,宋超,章龙珍.长江口安氏白虾与日本沼虾营养成分比较[J].动物学报,2008,54(5):822-829.ZHUANG P,SONG C,ZHANG L Z.Comparison of nutritive components of Exopalaemon annandalei and Macrobrachium nipponensis collected from the Yangtze Estuary[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,2008,54(5):822-829.
[16] 邴旭文,王进波.池养南美蓝对虾与南美白对虾肌肉营养品质的比较[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(4):453-458.BING X W,WANG J B.A comparative study of nutritional quality in the muscle of Penaeus stylirostris and Penaeus vannamei in the cultured-pond[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2006,30(4):453-458.
[17] 张高静,韩丽萍,孙剑锋,等.南美白对虾营养成分分析与评价[J].中国食品学报,2013,13(8):254-260.ZHANG G J,HAN L P,SUN J F,et al.Analysis and evaluation of nutritive composition in Penaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2013,13(8):254-260.
[18] PEINADO I,MILES W,KOUTSIDIS G.Odour characteristics of seafood flavour formulations produced with fish by-products incorporating EPA,DHA and fish oil[J].Food Chemistry,2016,212:615-619.
[19] DUNSTAN G A,SINCLAIR A J,O’DEA K.The lipid content and fatty acid composition of various marine species from Southern Australian coastal waters[J].Comparative biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry,1988,91(1):166-169.
[20] COLLINGRIDGE G.The role of NMDA receptors in learning and memory[J].Nature,1987,330(6149):604-605.
[21] 李红艳,刘天红,孙元芹,等.生态化池塘养殖模式下凡纳滨对虾与日本囊对虾营养成分的比较[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(2):135-141.LI H Y,LIU T H,SUN Y Q,et al.A comparative study on nutritional quality in the muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei and Marsupenaeus japonicusin the marine ecological cultured-pond[J].Marine Fisheries,2015,37(2):135-141.
[22] 施永海,张根玉,刘永士,等.野生及养殖哈氏仿对虾肌肉营养成分的分析与比较[J].水产学报,2013,37(5):768-776.SHI Y H,ZHANG G Y,LIU Y S,et al.Comparison of muscle nutrient composition between wild and cultured sword prawn(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(5):768-776.
[23] 陈晓汉,陈琴,谢达祥.南美白对虾含肉率及肌肉营养价值的评定[J].水产科技情报,2001,28(4):165-168.CHEN X H,CHEN Q,XIE D X.Assessment of meat containing rates and muscle nutrition values in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)[J].Fisheries Science & Technology Information,2001,28(4):165-168.
[24] 张彤晴,林海,葛家春,等.日本沼虾和秀丽白虾野生群体肌肉营养品质分析[J].饲料研究,2008(1):59-63.ZHANG T Q,LIN H,GE J C,et al.Analysis of muscle nutrient in wild populations of Macrobrachium nipponense and Exopalaemon[J].Feed Research,2008(1):59-63.
[2] 黄永春,艾华水,殷志新,等.第四代凡纳滨对虾抗WSSV选育家系的抗病及免疫特性研究[J].水产学报,2010,34(10):1549-1558.HUANG Y C,AI H S,YIN Z X,et al.Studies on WSSV-resistant and immune characteristics of the 4th generation selective breeding families for resistance to the white spot syndrome virus(WSSV) of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(10):1549-1558.
[3] 农业部渔业渔政管理局.中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016:32.Department of Agriculture Fishery Administration.China fishery statistics yearbook[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2016:32.
[4] 段亚飞,黄忠,林黑着,等.深水网箱和池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉营养成分的比较分析[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(2):93-100.DUAN Y F,HUANG Z,LIN H Z,et al.Comparative analysis of muscle nutrient composition between floating-cage cultured and pond-cultured Pacific white shrimps(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].South China Fisheries Science,2017,13(2):93-100.
[5] 彭永兴,许祥,程玉龙,等.海水和淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉营养成分的比较[J].水产科学,2013,32(8):435-440.PENG Y X,XU X,CHENG Y L,et al.Comparative analysis of nutrients in muscles of pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in seawater and freshwater[J].Fisheries Science,2013,32(8):435-440.
[6] 席丽萍,王居安,邱雨燕,等.池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾幼虾到成虾阶段生长差异研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(5):691-698.XI L P,WANG J A,QIU Y Y,et al.Investigation and analysis of the growth differences of larvae to adult stage of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(5):691-698.
[7] FAO/WHO.Energy and protein requirements[R].Rome:FAO Nutrition Meeting Report Series,1973:40-72.
[8] 桥本芳郎.养鱼饲料学[M].蔡完其,译.北京:中国农业出版社,1980:114-115.QIAO B F L.Fish and feed science[M].CAI W Q,trans.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1980:114-115.
[9] 中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表(全国代表值)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991:30-82.Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine.Food ingredient list[M].Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,1991:30-82.
[10] 李晓,王颖,李红艳,等.凡纳滨对虾虾头与肌肉营养成分分析与评价[J].水产科学,2018,37(1):66-72.LI X,WANG Y,LI H Y,et al.Analysis and assessment of nutrient composition in head and muscle of Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Fisheries Science,2018,37(1):66-72.
[11] 初庆柱,刘书成,范德炜,等.南极拟扇虾肌肉营养成分分析[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(1):168-172.CHU Q Z,LIU S C,FAN D W,et al.Analysis on nutritional components of Parribacusantarctcus[J].ActaHydrobiologicaSinica,2012,36(1):168-172.
[12] 崔光艳,姜增华,王假真,等.2种养殖模式下罗氏沼虾肌肉营养成分的比较[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(9):212-214.CUI G Y,JIANG Z H,WANG J Z,et al.Comparison of nutritional components in muscle of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under two models[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(9):212-214.
[13] 杨立,张波涛,许瑞红,等.巢湖秀丽白虾肌肉营养成分分析及营养评价[J].肉类工业,2017(5):36-39.YANG L,ZHANG B T,XU R H,et al.Analysis of nutritional components and nutritional evaluation of Chaohu Exopalaemon modestus muscle[J].Meat Industry,2017(5):36-39.
[14] 丁建英,康琎,徐建荣.东北螯虾和克氏原螯虾肌肉营养成分比较[J].食品科学,2010,31(24):427-431.DING J Y,KANG J,XU J R.Comparison of nutritional compositions in muscle of Cambaroidesdauricus and Procambarusclarkii[J].Food Science,2010,31(24):427-431.
[15] 庄平,宋超,章龙珍.长江口安氏白虾与日本沼虾营养成分比较[J].动物学报,2008,54(5):822-829.ZHUANG P,SONG C,ZHANG L Z.Comparison of nutritive components of Exopalaemon annandalei and Macrobrachium nipponensis collected from the Yangtze Estuary[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,2008,54(5):822-829.
[16] 邴旭文,王进波.池养南美蓝对虾与南美白对虾肌肉营养品质的比较[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(4):453-458.BING X W,WANG J B.A comparative study of nutritional quality in the muscle of Penaeus stylirostris and Penaeus vannamei in the cultured-pond[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2006,30(4):453-458.
[17] 张高静,韩丽萍,孙剑锋,等.南美白对虾营养成分分析与评价[J].中国食品学报,2013,13(8):254-260.ZHANG G J,HAN L P,SUN J F,et al.Analysis and evaluation of nutritive composition in Penaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2013,13(8):254-260.
[18] PEINADO I,MILES W,KOUTSIDIS G.Odour characteristics of seafood flavour formulations produced with fish by-products incorporating EPA,DHA and fish oil[J].Food Chemistry,2016,212:615-619.
[19] DUNSTAN G A,SINCLAIR A J,O’DEA K.The lipid content and fatty acid composition of various marine species from Southern Australian coastal waters[J].Comparative biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry,1988,91(1):166-169.
[20] COLLINGRIDGE G.The role of NMDA receptors in learning and memory[J].Nature,1987,330(6149):604-605.
[21] 李红艳,刘天红,孙元芹,等.生态化池塘养殖模式下凡纳滨对虾与日本囊对虾营养成分的比较[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(2):135-141.LI H Y,LIU T H,SUN Y Q,et al.A comparative study on nutritional quality in the muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei and Marsupenaeus japonicusin the marine ecological cultured-pond[J].Marine Fisheries,2015,37(2):135-141.
[22] 施永海,张根玉,刘永士,等.野生及养殖哈氏仿对虾肌肉营养成分的分析与比较[J].水产学报,2013,37(5):768-776.SHI Y H,ZHANG G Y,LIU Y S,et al.Comparison of muscle nutrient composition between wild and cultured sword prawn(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(5):768-776.
[23] 陈晓汉,陈琴,谢达祥.南美白对虾含肉率及肌肉营养价值的评定[J].水产科技情报,2001,28(4):165-168.CHEN X H,CHEN Q,XIE D X.Assessment of meat containing rates and muscle nutrition values in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)[J].Fisheries Science & Technology Information,2001,28(4):165-168.
[24] 张彤晴,林海,葛家春,等.日本沼虾和秀丽白虾野生群体肌肉营养品质分析[J].饲料研究,2008(1):59-63.ZHANG T Q,LIN H,GE J C,et al.Analysis of muscle nutrient in wild populations of Macrobrachium nipponense and Exopalaemon[J].Feed Research,2008(1):59-63.