基于非点源污染负荷的流域生态补偿动态计算研究
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摘要
生态补偿定量化计算是建立流域生态补偿机制的重要内容,也是生态补偿机制实施的关键。目前流域生态补偿的核算大多停留在利用年平均数据的粗略估算上,缺乏更加精细准确的核算过程。通过构建分布式流域非点源模型,考虑水文、水质的精细变化过程,创新性地提出基于流域非点源污染负荷核算方法,结合控制断面超标污染物通量治理成本,可精确到日时间尺度的流域生态补偿精细化动态计算方法。以香溪河流域为实例,对所建的模型进行了应用和验证。结果表明:香溪河流域2015年可获得的生态补偿值较2005年增加1 207.14万元;每实现1 km~2的退耕还林,因非点源污染负荷减少和生态环境改善可获得约2.60万元的生态补偿。
Quantitative calculation of eco-compensation is an important part of establishing eco-compensation mechanism and the key of implementing basin eco-compensation mechanism. At present, most of the accounting of river basin eco-compensation is based on the rough estimation of the annual average data, which lacks a fine and accurate accounting process. By constructing a distributed watershed non-point source model and considering the fine changes of hydrology and water quality, this paper innovatively proposes a basin eco-compensation refined dynamic calculation method, which can calculate the basin eco-compensation on the daily time scale. The model is applied and verified by taking the Xiangxi River Basin as an example. The results show that the eco-compensation value obtained in 2015 increased by 12,071,400 RMB compared with that in 2005. Moreover, for per square kilometer of reforesting the cultivated land, about 26,000 RMB in eco-compensation should be paid for the Xiangxi River Basin due to reduced pollution load and improved ecological environment.
Quantitative calculation of eco-compensation is an important part of establishing eco-compensation mechanism and the key of implementing basin eco-compensation mechanism. At present, most of the accounting of river basin eco-compensation is based on the rough estimation of the annual average data, which lacks a fine and accurate accounting process. By constructing a distributed watershed non-point source model and considering the fine changes of hydrology and water quality, this paper innovatively proposes a basin eco-compensation refined dynamic calculation method, which can calculate the basin eco-compensation on the daily time scale. The model is applied and verified by taking the Xiangxi River Basin as an example. The results show that the eco-compensation value obtained in 2015 increased by 12,071,400 RMB compared with that in 2005. Moreover, for per square kilometer of reforesting the cultivated land, about 26,000 RMB in eco-compensation should be paid for the Xiangxi River Basin due to reduced pollution load and improved ecological environment.
引文
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[18] 王秀娟,刘瑞民,宫永伟,等.香溪河流域土地利用格局演变对非点源污染的影响研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(5):1194-1200.
[19] 宋林旭,刘德富,肖尚斌.三峡库区香溪河流域非点源营养盐输出变化的试验研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(8):990-996.
[20] 郭丽峰,刘明喆,张辉,等.基于污染物通量的潘家口:大黑汀水源地水污染生态补偿量化研究[J].水资源保护,2016,32(5):146-151.
[2] 耿翔燕,葛颜祥,张化楠.基于重置成本的流域生态补偿标准研究:以小清河流域为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):140-147.
[3] 徐大伟,郑海霞,刘民权.基于跨区域水质水量指标的流域生态补偿量测算方法研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(4):189-194
[4] 赵卉卉,张永波,王明旭.中国流域生态补偿标准核算方法进展研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(1):151-154.
[5] 禹雪中,冯时.中国流域生态补偿标准核算方法分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(9):14-19.
[6] 冉宁,杨波,王康.流域生态补偿断面污染通量核算方法分析[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(11):138-143.
[7] Gitas I Z,Douros K,Minakou C,et al.Multi-temporal soil erosion risk assessment in N.Chalkidiki using a modified USLE raster model[J].Earsel Eproceedings,2009,8(1):40-52.
[8] 王吉苹,曹文志.应用GLEAMS模型评估我国东南地区农业小流域硝态氮的渗漏淋失[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(1):28-32.
[9] Afzali S F,Bagheri E,Amin S,et al.Comparison of WEPP,ANSWERS and MPSIAC models for evaluating the runoff,soil erosion and sediments at Khosroshirin region,Fars province,Iran[J].International Journal of Forest,Soil and Erosion (IJFSE),2015,5(3):76-85.
[10] Shi Y,Xu G,Wang Y,et al.Modelling hydrology and water quality processes in the Pengxi River basin of the Three Gorges Reservoir using the soil and water assessment tool[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,182:24-38.
[11] 夏函,李斗果,王永桂,等.社会经济发展对三峡澎溪河流域氮磷负荷的影响[J].人民长江,2016,47(22):26-31.
[12] 陈肖敏,郭平,彭虹,等.子流域划分对SWAT模型模拟结果的影响研究[J].人民长江,2016,47(23):44-49.
[13] 邱光胜,涂敏,叶丹,等.三峡库区支流富营养化状况普查[J].人民长江,2008,39(13):1-4.
[14] 杨敏,张晟,胡征宇.三峡水库香溪河库湾蓝藻水华暴发特性及成因探析[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(3):371-378.
[15] 胡圣,邱光胜,印士勇.三峡水库香溪河库湾水体富营养化演化监测分析[J].人民长江,2012,43(12):10-13.
[16] 王珠娜,王晓光,史玉虎,等.三峡库区秭归县退耕还林工程水土保持效益研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(1):68-72.
[17] 吴东,黄志霖,肖文发,等.三峡库区典型退耕还林模式水土保持功能研究[J].中国水土保持,2017(1):33-37.
[18] 王秀娟,刘瑞民,宫永伟,等.香溪河流域土地利用格局演变对非点源污染的影响研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(5):1194-1200.
[19] 宋林旭,刘德富,肖尚斌.三峡库区香溪河流域非点源营养盐输出变化的试验研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(8):990-996.
[20] 郭丽峰,刘明喆,张辉,等.基于污染物通量的潘家口:大黑汀水源地水污染生态补偿量化研究[J].水资源保护,2016,32(5):146-151.
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