高尔夫球头打磨岗位手传振动职业接触评价
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摘要
目的评价高尔夫球头打磨作业工人手传振动的接触情况。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择某运动器材厂高尔夫球头打磨岗位为研究对象,测量66个打磨岗位作业工人手传振动接触水平,识别手传振动危害的关键控制点,进行手传振动危害分级。结果该运动器材厂高尔夫球头打磨岗位4 h等能量频率计权振动加速度[a_(hw(4))]中位数(M)为4.21 m/s~2,打磨岗位a_(hw)(4)超标率为50.0%(33/66)。粗磨作业岗位a_(hw(4)高于细磨作业岗位(M:5.50 vs3.94 m/s~2,P<0.05)。粗磨作业和细磨作业中,不同球头打磨岗位a_(hw(4))由高到低依次为空心钛合金球头、空心不锈钢球头、实心不锈钢球头(粗磨作业M:7.47 vs 4.43 vs 3.11 m/s~2,P<0.01;细磨作业M:5.24 vs 4.21 vs 2.93 m/s~2,P<0.01)。对于空心钛合金球头打磨岗位,粗磨作业岗位a_(hw(4))高于细磨作业岗位(M:7.47 vs 5.24 m/s~2,P<0.01)。粗磨作业岗位特别是空心不锈钢球头和空心钛合金球头打磨岗位是手传振动危害的关键控制点。66个打磨岗位手传振动危害分级为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级危害的岗位分别占3.0%、47.0%、40.9%和9.1%,Ⅱ级及以上危害者占50.0%(33/66)。结论高尔夫球头打磨作业工人手传振动职业接触水平高,超标严重,存在较高的职业健康风险。
Objective To evaluate the exposure status of hand-transmitted vibration(HTV)in golf ball head grinding workers.Methods The golf ball head grinding positions in a sports equipment factory were selected as the research subjects by the judgement sampling method.The HTV exposure level of the workers in 66 grinding positions was measured,the key control points for HTV hazards were identified,and the damage of HTV was classified.Results The median(M)of 4 hours energy equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration to vibration[a_(hw(4))]of grinding positions in this sports equipment factory was 4.21 m/s~2,and the a_(hw(4)) over standard rate was 50.0%(33/66).The a_(hw(4)) of rough grinding positions was higher than that of fine grinding positions(M:5.50 v.s 3.94 m/s~2,P<0.05).In both rough grinding positions and fine grinding positions,the a_(hw(4)) of different ball head grinding types from high to low were hollow titanium alloy ball heads, hollow stainless steel ball heads,and solid stainless steel ball heads(rough grinding positions M:7.41 vs4.43 vs 3.11 m/s~2,P<0.01; fine grinding p ositions M:5.24 vs 4.21 vs 2.93 m/s~2,P<0.01).For the hollow titanium alloy ball head grinding positions,the a_(hw(4)) of rough grinding was higher than that of fine grinding(M:7.47 vs 5.24 m/s~2,P<0.01).Rough grinding positions,especially hollow stainless steel ball heads and hollow titanium alloy ball head grinding positions were key control points for HTV hazards.In the 66 grinding positions,the HTV hazards were classified as grade 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ in the grinding positions accounted for 3.0%,47.0%,40.9%,and 9.1%,respectively,and those with grade Ⅱ and above were 50.0%(33/66). Conclusion The exposure level of HTV in golf ball head grinding workers is high,with a trend of exceeding the standard.The golf ball head grinding workers have a high occupational health risk.
Objective To evaluate the exposure status of hand-transmitted vibration(HTV)in golf ball head grinding workers.Methods The golf ball head grinding positions in a sports equipment factory were selected as the research subjects by the judgement sampling method.The HTV exposure level of the workers in 66 grinding positions was measured,the key control points for HTV hazards were identified,and the damage of HTV was classified.Results The median(M)of 4 hours energy equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration to vibration[a_(hw(4))]of grinding positions in this sports equipment factory was 4.21 m/s~2,and the a_(hw(4)) over standard rate was 50.0%(33/66).The a_(hw(4)) of rough grinding positions was higher than that of fine grinding positions(M:5.50 v.s 3.94 m/s~2,P<0.05).In both rough grinding positions and fine grinding positions,the a_(hw(4)) of different ball head grinding types from high to low were hollow titanium alloy ball heads, hollow stainless steel ball heads,and solid stainless steel ball heads(rough grinding positions M:7.41 vs4.43 vs 3.11 m/s~2,P<0.01; fine grinding p ositions M:5.24 vs 4.21 vs 2.93 m/s~2,P<0.01).For the hollow titanium alloy ball head grinding positions,the a_(hw(4)) of rough grinding was higher than that of fine grinding(M:7.47 vs 5.24 m/s~2,P<0.01).Rough grinding positions,especially hollow stainless steel ball heads and hollow titanium alloy ball head grinding positions were key control points for HTV hazards.In the 66 grinding positions,the HTV hazards were classified as grade 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ in the grinding positions accounted for 3.0%,47.0%,40.9%,and 9.1%,respectively,and those with grade Ⅱ and above were 50.0%(33/66). Conclusion The exposure level of HTV in golf ball head grinding workers is high,with a trend of exceeding the standard.The golf ball head grinding workers have a high occupational health risk.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国卫生部.职业卫生名词术语:GBZ/T 224-2010[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010.
[2]肖斌,陈青松,林瀚生,等.手持工件打磨作业手传振动基本特征调查[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(3):312-315,319.
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[7]彭明益,郑创亮,许丹,等.某高尔夫球杆生产企业职业病危害调查分析[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(4):478-480.
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[9]晏华,林瀚生,严茂胜,等.高尔夫球头精细打磨作业手传振动加速度影响因素研究[J].中国卫生工程学,2017,16(4):414-417.
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[12]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.机械振动人体暴露于手传振动的测量与评价第1部分:一般要求:GB/T 14790.1-2009/ISO 5349-1:2001[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)体系及其应用指南:GB/T 19538-2004[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[14]陈嘉斌,陈青松,王建新,等.《职业性手臂振动病的诊断》标准修订说明[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(2):212-216.
[15]CHEN Q,LIN H,XIAO B,et al.Vibration characteristics of golf club heads in their handheld grinding process and potential approaches for reducing the vibration exposure[J].Intl J Indl Ergon,2016,62:27-41.
[16]LUNDSTROM R,NOOR BALOCH A,HAGBERG M,et al.Longterm effect of hand-arm vibration on thermotactile perception thresholds[J].J Occup Med Toxicol,2018,13:19.
[17]KRAJNAK K,WAUGH S.Systemic effects of segmental vibration in an animal model of hand-arm vibration syndrome[J].J Occup Environ Med,2018,60(10):886-895.
[18]KIM A R,KIM D Y,KIM J S,et al.Application of cold intolerance symptom severity questionnaire among vibration-exposed workers as a screening tool for the early detection of hand-arm vibration syndrome:a cross-sectional study[J].Ann Occup Environ Med,2019,31:6.
[19]MAHBUB M H,KUROZAWA Y,ISHITAKE T,et al.A systematic review of diagnostic performance of quantitative tests to assess musculoskeletal disorders in hand-arm vibration syndrome[J].Ind Health,2015;53(5):391-397.
[20]SHEN S C,HOUSE R A.Hand-arm vibration syndrome:What family physicians should know[J].Can Fam Physician,2017,63(3):206-210.
[21]CHEN Q,LIN H,XIAO B,et al.Vibration characteristics of golf club heads in their handheld grinding process and potential approaches for reducing the vibration exposure[J].Int J Ind Ergon,2017,62:27-41.
[22]BUDD D,HOLNESS D L.Raising awareness of hand-arm vibration syndrome(HAVS)using posters[J].Work,2018,61(1):3-10.
[2]肖斌,陈青松,林瀚生,等.手持工件打磨作业手传振动基本特征调查[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(3):312-315,319.
[3]NILSSON T,WAHLSTROM J,BURSTROM L.Hand-arm vibration and the risk of vascular and neurological diseases--a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].PLo S One,2017,12(7):e0180795.
[4]NILSSON T.The gap between evidence on hand-arm vibration hazards and risk management[J].Occup Med(Lond),2019,69(2):80-82.
[5]阎蓉,陈青松,严茂胜,等.血管内皮损伤因子与职业性手臂振动病的关联性[J].中国职业医学,2018,45(2):138-143.
[6]BUDD D,HOLNESS D L,HOUSE R.Functional limitations in workers with hand-arm vibration syndrome(HAVS)[J].Occup Med(Lond),2018,68(7):478-481.
[7]彭明益,郑创亮,许丹,等.某高尔夫球杆生产企业职业病危害调查分析[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(4):478-480.
[8]许丹,陈青松,郑创亮,等.某高尔夫球制品企业职业病危害及其关键控制点分析[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(1):13-15.
[9]晏华,林瀚生,严茂胜,等.高尔夫球头精细打磨作业手传振动加速度影响因素研究[J].中国卫生工程学,2017,16(4):414-417.
[10]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所物理因素测量第9部分:手传振动:GBZ/T 189.9-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[11]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[12]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.机械振动人体暴露于手传振动的测量与评价第1部分:一般要求:GB/T 14790.1-2009/ISO 5349-1:2001[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)体系及其应用指南:GB/T 19538-2004[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[14]陈嘉斌,陈青松,王建新,等.《职业性手臂振动病的诊断》标准修订说明[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(2):212-216.
[15]CHEN Q,LIN H,XIAO B,et al.Vibration characteristics of golf club heads in their handheld grinding process and potential approaches for reducing the vibration exposure[J].Intl J Indl Ergon,2016,62:27-41.
[16]LUNDSTROM R,NOOR BALOCH A,HAGBERG M,et al.Longterm effect of hand-arm vibration on thermotactile perception thresholds[J].J Occup Med Toxicol,2018,13:19.
[17]KRAJNAK K,WAUGH S.Systemic effects of segmental vibration in an animal model of hand-arm vibration syndrome[J].J Occup Environ Med,2018,60(10):886-895.
[18]KIM A R,KIM D Y,KIM J S,et al.Application of cold intolerance symptom severity questionnaire among vibration-exposed workers as a screening tool for the early detection of hand-arm vibration syndrome:a cross-sectional study[J].Ann Occup Environ Med,2019,31:6.
[19]MAHBUB M H,KUROZAWA Y,ISHITAKE T,et al.A systematic review of diagnostic performance of quantitative tests to assess musculoskeletal disorders in hand-arm vibration syndrome[J].Ind Health,2015;53(5):391-397.
[20]SHEN S C,HOUSE R A.Hand-arm vibration syndrome:What family physicians should know[J].Can Fam Physician,2017,63(3):206-210.
[21]CHEN Q,LIN H,XIAO B,et al.Vibration characteristics of golf club heads in their handheld grinding process and potential approaches for reducing the vibration exposure[J].Int J Ind Ergon,2017,62:27-41.
[22]BUDD D,HOLNESS D L.Raising awareness of hand-arm vibration syndrome(HAVS)using posters[J].Work,2018,61(1):3-10.