基于嵌入式单片机的仿形玉米播种机设计研究
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摘要
国内外玉米播种机在排种、施肥的驱动方面多采用机械传动,在调整株距和施肥量方面为有级调速且精度较差。为此,设计了玉米播种机嵌入式单片机控制系统,可测定机组实际作业速度以控制株距和施肥量。控制系统由地轮与GPS的比较测速系统、主控单元、驱动单元、带反馈的播种与施肥电机等组成。其中,比较测速系统使播种株距更加均匀,驱动采用PWM信号及PID算法,电机跟随性良好;整体采用模块化设计,便于播种机单体的扩展。田间试验表明:播种的株距均匀度优于机械式播种机,设定株距为25cm时,株距合格率达100%,没有重播和漏播,最大偏差为7 cm,施肥量精度高于传统手工调节的方式,施肥偏差低于4%,有很大的推广价值。
Most popular corn seeder use mechanical transmission driver while it seeds or fertilizes. Machanical transimission can only perform step ratio speed regulation,which often lead to poor precission of row spacing and fertilizing amount. The corn seeder designed in this paper adopts embedded single-chip microcomputer control system to measure the actual working speed of the unit to control the spacing between the plants and the amount of fertilizer. The control system consists of the comparison between the ground wheel and the GPS,the main control unit,the drive unit,and the sowing and fertilization Motors with feedback and other components. compared with the speed measurement system to make the seed spacing more uniform,the use of PWM signal and PID algorithm drive,motor followability is good; the overall use of modular design,easy to expand the planter monomer. After the field test,the plant spacing uniformity is better than the mechanical seeder. When the plant spacing is 25 cm,the plant spacing pass rate reaches 100%,there is no rebroadcast and missed broadcast,the maximum deviation is 7 cm,and the accuracy of fertilizer application is higher than traditional manual adjustment. The method,the deviation of fertilization is less than 4%,has great promotion value.
Most popular corn seeder use mechanical transmission driver while it seeds or fertilizes. Machanical transimission can only perform step ratio speed regulation,which often lead to poor precission of row spacing and fertilizing amount. The corn seeder designed in this paper adopts embedded single-chip microcomputer control system to measure the actual working speed of the unit to control the spacing between the plants and the amount of fertilizer. The control system consists of the comparison between the ground wheel and the GPS,the main control unit,the drive unit,and the sowing and fertilization Motors with feedback and other components. compared with the speed measurement system to make the seed spacing more uniform,the use of PWM signal and PID algorithm drive,motor followability is good; the overall use of modular design,easy to expand the planter monomer. After the field test,the plant spacing uniformity is better than the mechanical seeder. When the plant spacing is 25 cm,the plant spacing pass rate reaches 100%,there is no rebroadcast and missed broadcast,the maximum deviation is 7 cm,and the accuracy of fertilizer application is higher than traditional manual adjustment. The method,the deviation of fertilization is less than 4%,has great promotion value.
引文
[1]邹奇睿,张伟.玉米播种机排种器的研究现状和发展趋势农业机械[J].农业机械,2015(1):95-98.
[2]巩丙才,杜瑞成,马明建,等.播种机电控株距无极调节器调节性能分析与试验[J].农机化研究,2014,36(12):192-195.
[3]张春岭,吴荣,陈黎卿.电控玉米排种系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):51-58.
[4]乔林,胡国顺,刘志刚.基于单片机的伺服高效免耕播种机设计与研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(9):171-175.
[5]耿端阳,李玉环,孟鹏祥,等.玉米伸缩指夹式排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):38-43.
[6]李国林,宋炜,毛俐,等.国内外几种主要排种器的特点[J].农业科技与装备,2011(8):70-73.
[7]陈志.农业机械设计手册[K].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007:303-314.
[8]王喜明,高伟.单片机对直流伺服电机控制的研究[J].科学技术与工程,2007(7):3588-3590.
[9]翟建波,高海洲,郑晓龙,等.基于传感技术的自动排种驱动系统研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011(9):3619-3621,3646.
[10]马文斌,杨延竹,洪运.步进电机控制系统的设计及应用[J].电子技术应用,2015(11):11-13.
[11]张占立,康春花,郭士军.基于单片机的步进电机控制系统[J].电机与控制应用,2011(3):28-31.
[12]赵望达,鲁五一,徐志胜,等.PID控制器及其智能化方法探讨[J].化工自动化及仪表,1999,26(6):45-48.
[13]苗中华,李闯,韩科立,等.基于模糊PID的采棉机作业速度最优控制算法与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):9-14.
[14]古玉雪,苑进,刘成良.基于模糊系统的开度转速双变量施肥控制序列生成方法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):134-139.
[15]周绍磊,彭贤,张玉彤.直流力矩电机PWM驱动卡的设计[J].海军航空工程学院学报,2008(1):83-85.
[2]巩丙才,杜瑞成,马明建,等.播种机电控株距无极调节器调节性能分析与试验[J].农机化研究,2014,36(12):192-195.
[3]张春岭,吴荣,陈黎卿.电控玉米排种系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):51-58.
[4]乔林,胡国顺,刘志刚.基于单片机的伺服高效免耕播种机设计与研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(9):171-175.
[5]耿端阳,李玉环,孟鹏祥,等.玉米伸缩指夹式排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):38-43.
[6]李国林,宋炜,毛俐,等.国内外几种主要排种器的特点[J].农业科技与装备,2011(8):70-73.
[7]陈志.农业机械设计手册[K].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007:303-314.
[8]王喜明,高伟.单片机对直流伺服电机控制的研究[J].科学技术与工程,2007(7):3588-3590.
[9]翟建波,高海洲,郑晓龙,等.基于传感技术的自动排种驱动系统研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011(9):3619-3621,3646.
[10]马文斌,杨延竹,洪运.步进电机控制系统的设计及应用[J].电子技术应用,2015(11):11-13.
[11]张占立,康春花,郭士军.基于单片机的步进电机控制系统[J].电机与控制应用,2011(3):28-31.
[12]赵望达,鲁五一,徐志胜,等.PID控制器及其智能化方法探讨[J].化工自动化及仪表,1999,26(6):45-48.
[13]苗中华,李闯,韩科立,等.基于模糊PID的采棉机作业速度最优控制算法与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):9-14.
[14]古玉雪,苑进,刘成良.基于模糊系统的开度转速双变量施肥控制序列生成方法[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):134-139.
[15]周绍磊,彭贤,张玉彤.直流力矩电机PWM驱动卡的设计[J].海军航空工程学院学报,2008(1):83-85.