准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带深层地质结构及对油气藏的控制作用:以霍尔果斯—玛纳斯—吐谷鲁褶皱冲断带为例
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摘要
准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带位于天山北麓,在晚新生代强烈的挤压作用下,地表发育数排背斜带。由于构造变形复杂、地震反射成像质量较差,对深层地质结构争议较大,另外前新生代盆地原型对晚新生代以来的褶皱冲断带构造格局的影响也尚未探讨。霍尔果斯—玛纳斯—吐谷鲁(简称霍-玛-吐)褶皱冲断带位于准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带地表第二排背斜带,利用最新采集和处理的地震反射资料,并结合地表地质露头建立深层构造模型;利用平衡地质剖面复原和构造物理模拟实验的方法探索早侏罗世盆地原型结构对现今褶皱冲断带构造格局的影响;在此基础上分析霍-玛-吐褶皱冲断带深层天然气富集规律。霍-玛-吐褶皱冲断带垂向上发育古近系—第四系逆冲推覆构造、中上侏罗统—白垩系构造楔和下侏罗统半地堑断陷结构。控制早侏罗世半地堑系统的高角度正断层在晚期挤压构造变形体系中充当逆断坡,并控制上覆构造楔和浅层逆冲推覆构造的发育。早侏罗世半地堑系统具有分段性,并通过侧向断坡进行连接,侧向断坡上覆地层发育南北向走滑调节断层。油气勘探现状表明,霍-玛-吐褶皱冲断带内部南北向走滑调节断层具有高效沟通下侏罗统烃源岩的特点,是控制天然气的富集的重要因素。以上研究表明,中西部陆内前陆冲断带前新生代古构造对于晚新生代挤压冲断构造格局和深层天然气富集规律具有重要意义。
The South Junggar Foreland Thrust Belt is located in northern Tian Shan piedmont,where multiple fold and thrust belts developed under the influence of strong compressional activity in the Late Cenozoic.Its deep structures as well as the impact of pre-Cenozoic paleo-structures on the present tectonic framework are still under debate due to structural complexity and lack of high quality seismic imaging data.In this paper,we select the Huoerguosi-Manasi-Tugulu fold and thrust belt—situated in the second row of the fold and thrust belt in the South Junggar Foreland Thrust Belt—as our study area.We used newly collected and processed seismic data and ground geological data to discover the deep structures.We also used sandbox modeling and balanced restoration method to explore the impact of the prototype basin in the Early Jurassic on the present tectonic framework.The results show that Lower Jurassic half-graben system,Middle-Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous structural wedge,and thrust belts in the Cenozoic layers developed in the Huoerguosi-Manasi-Tugulu fold and thrust belt.The normal faults developed in the Early Jurassic served as thrust ramps in the Late Cenozoic foreland thrust belts,and also controlled the development of structural wedge and thrust belts above them.The Early Jurassic half-graben has different segments,connected by lateral ramps.These lateral ramps control the strike slip faults developed among the fold and thrust belts,impacting greatly on the migration and accumulation of gas originated from Lower Jurassic source rocks.Finally,we can conclude that the pre-Cenozoic paleo-structures have great influence on the tectonic framework and petroleum accumulation in the intracontinental foreland thrust belts.
The South Junggar Foreland Thrust Belt is located in northern Tian Shan piedmont,where multiple fold and thrust belts developed under the influence of strong compressional activity in the Late Cenozoic.Its deep structures as well as the impact of pre-Cenozoic paleo-structures on the present tectonic framework are still under debate due to structural complexity and lack of high quality seismic imaging data.In this paper,we select the Huoerguosi-Manasi-Tugulu fold and thrust belt—situated in the second row of the fold and thrust belt in the South Junggar Foreland Thrust Belt—as our study area.We used newly collected and processed seismic data and ground geological data to discover the deep structures.We also used sandbox modeling and balanced restoration method to explore the impact of the prototype basin in the Early Jurassic on the present tectonic framework.The results show that Lower Jurassic half-graben system,Middle-Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous structural wedge,and thrust belts in the Cenozoic layers developed in the Huoerguosi-Manasi-Tugulu fold and thrust belt.The normal faults developed in the Early Jurassic served as thrust ramps in the Late Cenozoic foreland thrust belts,and also controlled the development of structural wedge and thrust belts above them.The Early Jurassic half-graben has different segments,connected by lateral ramps.These lateral ramps control the strike slip faults developed among the fold and thrust belts,impacting greatly on the migration and accumulation of gas originated from Lower Jurassic source rocks.Finally,we can conclude that the pre-Cenozoic paleo-structures have great influence on the tectonic framework and petroleum accumulation in the intracontinental foreland thrust belts.
引文
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[15]李本亮,管树巍,陈竹新,等.楔形构造在山前冲断构造位移量消减中的作用:以准噶尔盆地南缘为例[J].地质学报,2012,86(6):890-897.
[16]管树巍,李本亮,何登发,等.构造楔形体的识别与勘探:以准噶尔盆地南缘为例[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3):129-137.
[17]漆家福,陈书平,杨桥,等.准噶尔-北天山盆山过渡带构造基本特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):252-260.
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[29] WANG Q,ZHANG P Z,FREYMUELLER J T,et al.Present-day crustal deformation in China constrained by global positioning system measurements[J].Science,2001,294:574-577.
[30] JOLIVET M,DOMINGUEZ S,CHARREAU J,et al.Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic history of the central Chinese Tian Shan:reactivated tectonic structures and active deformation[J].Tectonics,2010,29:TC6019.DOI:10.1029/2010TC002712.
[31]马德龙,潘建国,张虎权,等.准噶尔盆地南缘小渠子背斜T/P同构造不整合几何学、运动学特征及地质意义[J].地质科学,2018,53(1):146-154.
[32] ALLEN M B,爦ENGOR A M C,NATAL'IN B A,et al.Junggar,Turfan and Alakol basins as Late Permian to Early Triassic extensional structures in a sinistral shear zone in the Altaid orogenic collage,Central Asia[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1995,152:327-338.
[33] HENDRIX M S,GRAHAM S A,CARROLL A R,et al.Sedimentary record and climatic implications of recurrent deformation in the Tien Shan:evidence from the Mesozoic strata of the North Tarim,South Junggar,and Turpan Basins,Northwest China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1992,104:53-79.
[34] GRAVE J D,BUSLOV M M,HAUTE V D P,et al.Distant effects of India-Eurasia convergence and Mesozoic intracontinental deformation in Central Asia:constraints from apatite fission-track thermochronology[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2007,29:188-204.
[35] CHEN K,GUMIAUX C,AGUIER R,et al.The Mesozoic palaeorelief of the northern Tian Shan(China)[J].Terra Nova,2011,23(3):195-205.
[36]李忠权,陈更生.新疆准噶尔盆地南缘拉张伸展动力学环境的探讨[J].高校地质学报,1998,4(1):73-78.
[37]刘和甫,汪泽成,熊保贤,等.中国中西部中、新生代前陆盆地与挤压造山带耦合分析[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):55-72.
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