GFRP复合材料叶片摆振运动表面位移与层间断裂韧性响应
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摘要
风机GFRP复合材料叶片摆振运动时产生的层间滑动裂纹是叶片破坏的主要诱因之一,应力强度因子K是层间断裂韧性的重要参量,也是表面裂缝安全性评估的重要指标之一。本文在试验基础上提出了由GFRP复合材料叶片表面位移推导K值的新方法,通过试验验证其理论正确性,试验与仿真对比证明了通过叶片摆振运动表面位移来研究层间断裂韧性响应的方法是可行的,为GFRP复合材料风机叶片的强度预测提供了新的思路和方法。
It is one of the main causes of GFRP composite windturbine blades failure that the blade shimmy leads to the formation and growth of interlayer sliding cracks.The stress intensity factor Kis an important parameter for the interlayer fracture toughness.It is also one of the important indicators for the safety assessment of surface cracks.On the basis of experiments,a new method for deriving K values from the displacement of the GFRP composite blade surface was proposed in this paper.The correctness of the theory was verified by experiments.It is proved by the comparison between experiment and simulation that it is feasible to study the interlaminar fracture toughness response through the surface displacement of the GFRP composite blades shimmy.This study provides a new idea and method for the strength prediction of GFRP composite windturbine blades.
It is one of the main causes of GFRP composite windturbine blades failure that the blade shimmy leads to the formation and growth of interlayer sliding cracks.The stress intensity factor Kis an important parameter for the interlayer fracture toughness.It is also one of the important indicators for the safety assessment of surface cracks.On the basis of experiments,a new method for deriving K values from the displacement of the GFRP composite blade surface was proposed in this paper.The correctness of the theory was verified by experiments.It is proved by the comparison between experiment and simulation that it is feasible to study the interlaminar fracture toughness response through the surface displacement of the GFRP composite blades shimmy.This study provides a new idea and method for the strength prediction of GFRP composite windturbine blades.
引文
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[2]WOOLSTON D S,RUNYAN H L,ANDREWS R E.An investigation of effects of certain types of structural nonlinearities on wing and control surface flutter[J].Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences,2012,24(1):57-63.
[3]CHEN G,CURZ J B.Genetic algorithm for task allocation in UAV cooperative control[G].AIAA Guidance,Navigation,and Control Coference and Exhibit.Austin:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2003.
[4]秦志文,徐宇,杨科,等.风力机叶片FRP铺层结构强度与失效预测[J].工程热物理学报,2012,33(4):591-594.QIN Z W,XU Y,YANG K,et al.Structural strength and failure prediction on FRP laminate of wind turbine blade[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2012,33(4):591-594(in Chinese).
[5]梁仕飞,矫桂琼,王波.三维机织C/C-SiC复合材料弹性性能预测[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(1):138-142.LIANG S F,JIAO G Q,WANG B.Prediction of elastic properties of three dimensional woven C/C-SiC composite[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(1):138-142(in Chinese).
[6]汪海滨,张卫红,杨军刚,等.考虑孔隙和微裂纹缺陷的C/C-SiC编织复合材料等效模量计算[J].复合材料学报,2008,25(3):182-189.WANG H B,ZHANG W H,YANG J G,et al.Numerical computing of effective modulis of woven C/C-SiC composites including porosities and micro-cracks[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2008,25(3):182-189(in Chinese).
[7]WU J F,SHEPHAR M S.A material model for the finite element analysis of metal matrix composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,1989,35(4):347-366.
[8]雷友锋.纤维增强金属基复合材料宏-细观统一本构模型及应用研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2002.LEI Y F.A unified macro-and micro-mechanics constitutive model and its applications for fiber reinforced metal matrix composites[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2002(in Chinese).
[9]赵琳,张博明.基于单胞解析模型的单向复合材料强度预报方法[J].复合材料学报,2010,27(5):86-92.ZHAO L,ZHANG B M.Method for strength prediction of unidirectional composites based on unit cell analytic model[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2010,27(5):86-92(in Chinese).
[10]US S,TOLUN S.Structural design and analysis of wind turbine rotor blades using laminated sandwich composites[C]//Biennial Conference on Engineering,Construction,and Operations in Challenging Environments.Houston:American Society of Civil Engineers,2004:492-498.
[11]李德源,叶枝全,包能胜,等.风力机旋转风轮振动模态分析[J].太阳能学报,2004,25(1):72-77.LI D Y,YE Z Q,BAO N S,et al.Vibration modal analysis of the rotating rotor of horizontal axis wind turbine[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2004,25(1):72-77(in Chinese).
[12]韩新月,申新贺,陈严,等.科氏力对水平轴风力机叶片的影响[J].能源工程,2008(3):8-11.HAN X Y,SHEN X H,CHEN Y,et al.The influence of Coriolis force on the horizontal axis wind turbine blade[J].Energy Engineering,2008(3):8-11(in Chinese).
[13]LARSEN J W,IWANGIEWCZ R,NIELSEN S R K.Nonlinear stochastic stability analysis of wind turbine wings by Monte Carlo simulations[J].Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2007,22(2):181-193.
[14]马存旺,张呈林,刘勇,等.复合材料桨叶蒙皮层间裂纹的应力强度因子求解方法研究[J].机械强度,2009,31(2):282-286.MA C W,ZHANG C L,LIU Y,et al.Solution of stress intensity factor for interface cracks of composite blades skins[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2009,31(2):282-286(in Chinese).
[15]贾旭,胡绪腾,宋迎东.基于三维有限元解的紧凑拉伸试样应力强度因子计算公式[J].机械工程材料,2015,39(12):30-34+110.JIA X,HU X T,SONG Y D.Calculation formula for stress intensity factors of CT specimens based on three dimensional finite element solutions[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2015,39(12):30-34+110(in Chinese).
[16]中国国家标准化管理委员会.纤维增强塑料简支梁式冲击韧性试验方法:GB/T 1451-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Fiber-reinforced plastics composites:Determination of charpy impact properties:GB/T 1451-2005[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2005(in Chinese).
[17]孙耀宁,王艳飞,朱子剑.基于UMAT的风机叶片复合材料横向微观尺度力学响应分析[J].可再生能源,2015,33(9):1362-1367.SUN Y N,WANG Y F,ZHU Z J.Microscale analysis of wind turbine blades composites of thetransverse mechanical response based UMAT[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2015,33(9):1362-1367(in Chinese).
[18]李玉龙,刘会芳.加载速率对层间断裂韧性的影响[J].航空学报,2015,36(8):2620-2650.LI Y L,LIU H F.The loading rate effect on the interlaminar fracture toughness[J].Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(8):2620-2650(in Chinese).
[19]PAWAR P M,GANGULI R.Simulation of composite helicopter rotor-system matrix cracking,debonding/delamination and fiber breakage[C]//61th Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society.Grapevine:The American Helicopter Society International Inc.,2005:2206-2220.
[20]CHOI S T,SHIN H,EARMME Y Y.On the unified approach to anisotropic and isotropic elasticity for singularity,interface and crack in dissimilar media[J].International Journal of Solids&Structures,2003,40(6):1411-1431.
[21]BEOM H G,ATLURI S N.Near-tip fields and intensity factors for interfacial cracks in dissimilar anisotropic piezoelectric media[J].International Journal of Fracture,1996,75(2):163-183.
[22]CHOW W T,BEOM H G,ATLURI S N.Calculation of stress intensity factors for an interfacial crack between dissimilar anisotropic media,using a hybrid element method and the mutual integral[J].Computational Mechanics,1995,15(6):546-557.
[23]SILVA L F M,GONALVES J P M,OLIVEIRA F M F,et al.Multiple-site damage in riveted lap-joints:Experimental simulation and finite element prediction[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2000,22(4):319-338.