基于模型的螺栓松动状态监测方法
|
摘要
基于现有的模型损伤识别技术,提出了一种两阶段的螺栓状态长期在线识别方法:第1阶段识别螺栓连接中是否存在扭矩降低,设定了基于模态应变能的新损伤指标,并讨论了螺栓松动中非线性的表现;第2阶段识别松动螺栓的残余扭矩,以试验测得的前3阶局部振型,通过灵敏度修正识别螺栓连接中BEAM单元的弹性模量,建立了螺栓残余扭矩与BEAM单元弹性模量之间的对应关系;最后,使用两块通过螺栓连接的矩形钢板验证了该方法的有效性。试验结果表明,该方法能够快速识别出扭矩的降低,并识别其残余扭矩值是否已低于安全范围。
A new two stages method for on-line identification of bolt state is proposed based on the existing model damage identification technology.The first stage to identify whether there is a torque in bolt connection is reduced,at the same time a new damage index based on modal strain energy is set up,and bolt looseness in the nonlinear performance is discussed.The purpose of the second stage is to identify the residual torque,the equivalent stiffness of bolted connection is identified by a sensitivity-based updating based on the first 3 order modes,and the relationship between the residual torque and the equivalent stiffness is established.Finally,under laboratory conditions,two rectangular steel plates connected by bolts are used as the experimental object,the looseness of the bolts is represented by changing the relative residual stress.The results show that the purposed method can be used to identify the happening of torque reduction,and estimate whether the residual torque value is lower than the limit value.
A new two stages method for on-line identification of bolt state is proposed based on the existing model damage identification technology.The first stage to identify whether there is a torque in bolt connection is reduced,at the same time a new damage index based on modal strain energy is set up,and bolt looseness in the nonlinear performance is discussed.The purpose of the second stage is to identify the residual torque,the equivalent stiffness of bolted connection is identified by a sensitivity-based updating based on the first 3 order modes,and the relationship between the residual torque and the equivalent stiffness is established.Finally,under laboratory conditions,two rectangular steel plates connected by bolts are used as the experimental object,the looseness of the bolts is represented by changing the relative residual stress.The results show that the purposed method can be used to identify the happening of torque reduction,and estimate whether the residual torque value is lower than the limit value.
引文
[1]王涛,杨志武,邵俊华,等.基于压电阻抗技术的螺栓松动检测试验研究[J].传感技术学报,2014,27(10):1321-1325.Wang Tao,Yang Zhiwu,Shao Junhua,et al.Research on bolt loosen detection based on piezoelectric impedance technology[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2014,27(10):1311-1325.(in Chinese)
[2]王涛,罗毅,刘绍鹏,等.基于压电主动传感方式的螺栓松动检测实验研究[J].新型工业化,2013,3(7):1059-1063.Wang Tao,Luo Yi,Liu Shaopeng,et al.Bolt loosening detection based on piezoelectric active sensing technology[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2013,3(7):1059-1063.(in Chinese)
[3]Huda F,Kajiwara I,Hosoya N,et al.Bolt loosening analysis and diagnosis by non-contact laser excitation vibration tests[J].Mechanical Systems&Signal Processing,2013,40(2):589-604.
[4]He K,Zhu W D.Detecting loosening of bolter connections in a pipeline using changes in natural frequencies[J].Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,2014,136(3):034503.
[5]Todd M D,Nichols J M,Nichols C J,et al.An assessment of modal property effectiveness in detecting bolted joint degradation:theory and experiment[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2004,275(3/5):1113-1126.
[6]徐超,周帮友,刘信恩,等.机械螺栓连接状态监测和辨识方法研究进展[J].强度与环境,2009,36(2):28-36.Xu Chao,Zhou Bangyou,Liu Xinen,et al.A review of vibration based condition monitoring and indentification for mechanical bolted joints[J].Structure&Environment Engineering,2009,36(2):28-36.(in Chinese)
[7]Zhang M,Jiang Y,Lee C H.Finite element modeling of self-loosening of bolted joints[J].Journal of Mechanical Design,2007,129(2):218-226.
[8]杨海平,王良模,彭曙兮,等.基于CAE技术的某越野车车架分析[J].机械科学与技术,2011,30(6):1001-1006.Yang Haiping,Wang Liangmo,Peng Shuxi,et al.A-nalysis of the off-road vehicle′s frame based on CAE[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2011,30(6):1001-1006.(in Chinese)
[9]颜王吉,任伟新.基于代数算法的单元模态应变能灵敏度分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(4):34-39.Yan Wangji,Ren Weixin.Element modal strain energy sensitivity analysis based on an efficient algebraic method[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(4):34-39.(in Chinese)
[10]严平,李胡生,葛继平,等.基于模态应变能和小波变换的结构损伤识别研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(1):121-126.Yan Ping,Li Husheng,Ge Jiping,et al.Structural damage identification based on modal strain energy and wavelet transformation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(1):121-126.(in Chinese)
[11]Yang Q W.Model reduction by neumann series expansion[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling,2009,33(12):4431-4434.
[12]李效法.基于灵敏度分析的模型修正研究及其实现[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[13]高桂丽,李大勇,董静薇,等.铝合金薄板疲劳裂纹的非线性声学特性[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(18):71-76.Gao Guili,Li Dayong,Dong Jingwei,et al.Nonlinear acoustic characteristics of fatigue cracks in aluminum alloy sheet[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(18):71-76.(in Chinese)
[14]Zaitsev V,Nazarov V,Gusev V,et al.Novel nonlinear-modulation acoustic technique for crack detection[J].Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation International,2006,39(3):184-194.
[2]王涛,罗毅,刘绍鹏,等.基于压电主动传感方式的螺栓松动检测实验研究[J].新型工业化,2013,3(7):1059-1063.Wang Tao,Luo Yi,Liu Shaopeng,et al.Bolt loosening detection based on piezoelectric active sensing technology[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2013,3(7):1059-1063.(in Chinese)
[3]Huda F,Kajiwara I,Hosoya N,et al.Bolt loosening analysis and diagnosis by non-contact laser excitation vibration tests[J].Mechanical Systems&Signal Processing,2013,40(2):589-604.
[4]He K,Zhu W D.Detecting loosening of bolter connections in a pipeline using changes in natural frequencies[J].Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,2014,136(3):034503.
[5]Todd M D,Nichols J M,Nichols C J,et al.An assessment of modal property effectiveness in detecting bolted joint degradation:theory and experiment[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2004,275(3/5):1113-1126.
[6]徐超,周帮友,刘信恩,等.机械螺栓连接状态监测和辨识方法研究进展[J].强度与环境,2009,36(2):28-36.Xu Chao,Zhou Bangyou,Liu Xinen,et al.A review of vibration based condition monitoring and indentification for mechanical bolted joints[J].Structure&Environment Engineering,2009,36(2):28-36.(in Chinese)
[7]Zhang M,Jiang Y,Lee C H.Finite element modeling of self-loosening of bolted joints[J].Journal of Mechanical Design,2007,129(2):218-226.
[8]杨海平,王良模,彭曙兮,等.基于CAE技术的某越野车车架分析[J].机械科学与技术,2011,30(6):1001-1006.Yang Haiping,Wang Liangmo,Peng Shuxi,et al.A-nalysis of the off-road vehicle′s frame based on CAE[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2011,30(6):1001-1006.(in Chinese)
[9]颜王吉,任伟新.基于代数算法的单元模态应变能灵敏度分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(4):34-39.Yan Wangji,Ren Weixin.Element modal strain energy sensitivity analysis based on an efficient algebraic method[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(4):34-39.(in Chinese)
[10]严平,李胡生,葛继平,等.基于模态应变能和小波变换的结构损伤识别研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(1):121-126.Yan Ping,Li Husheng,Ge Jiping,et al.Structural damage identification based on modal strain energy and wavelet transformation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(1):121-126.(in Chinese)
[11]Yang Q W.Model reduction by neumann series expansion[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling,2009,33(12):4431-4434.
[12]李效法.基于灵敏度分析的模型修正研究及其实现[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[13]高桂丽,李大勇,董静薇,等.铝合金薄板疲劳裂纹的非线性声学特性[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(18):71-76.Gao Guili,Li Dayong,Dong Jingwei,et al.Nonlinear acoustic characteristics of fatigue cracks in aluminum alloy sheet[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(18):71-76.(in Chinese)
[14]Zaitsev V,Nazarov V,Gusev V,et al.Novel nonlinear-modulation acoustic technique for crack detection[J].Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation International,2006,39(3):184-194.