我国蓝色粮仓科技创新的发展思路与实施途径
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摘要
蓝色粮仓建设对保障食物安全、推动经济发展、催生新兴产业、彰显国家权益、改善生态环境以及突破产业瓶颈具有重要意义。在当前科技和产业背景下,如何卓有成效地构建蓝色粮仓已成为社会各界关注的热点。本文明确了蓝色粮仓的概念和特点,分析了蓝色粮仓构建的必要性和可行性,提出了实现渔业产业由大国向强国跨越以及提升科技创新和产业发展能力的总体目标,从聚焦重大需求、构建科技创新链,坚持原创驱动、突破重大科学问题,强化集成示范、支撑产业健康持续发展等方面论述了实施途径,即按照基础研究、重大共性关键技术、典型应用示范全链条布局的要求,坚持生态优先谋划,陆海统筹布局,针对种质创制、健康养殖、资源养护、友好捕捞、流通加工五大产业类型需求,实施良种引领、空间拓展、技术升级、产业示范四大行动,建立智慧养殖、智能捕捞、绿色加工三大体系,满足优质蛋白供给和产业转型升级两大需求,最终构建中国特色的蓝色粮仓。
The "Blue Granary" is of great significance for safeguarding food security, promoting economicdevelopment, culturing emerging industries, highlighting national rights, improving the ecological environment,and breaking through industrial bottlenecks. In the current technological and industrial situation, how to constructthe "Blue Granary" effectively has become a hot topic. Here we elaborated the definition, particularity, necessityand feasibility of "Blue Granary" construction in a systematic and deep-going way. We suggested that theconstruction of "Blue Granary" should help to realize the transformation from a big industrial country to a strongone and to achieve the goal of improving the ability of scientific and technological innovation. What's more, theimplementation approaches have been proposed from the following aspects: focusing on major needs, constructingthe value chain of scientific and technological advances; adhering to the original drive, making breakthrough atimportant scientific issues; strengthening integrated demonstration, supporting the healthy and sustainabledevelopment of the industry. Specifically, we should commit to the general principle of ensuring ecologicalpriority and coordination of land and sea integrated development plans in accordance with the requirements ofbasic research, major common key technologies, and typical application demonstrations of the entire chain. Then,we continued to take four major measures including seed breeding drive, technology upgradation, space expansion,and industrial demonstration, in order to meet the industrial demands, namely germplasm creation, healthyaquaculture, resources conservation, friendly fishing, and circulation processing. In the meanwhile, we need tobuild three systems of smart farming, intelligent fishing and green processing, and to accomplish two goals ofhigh-quality protein supply and industrial transformation and upgrading, all of which eventually will makecontributions to construct a blue granary with Chinese characteristics.
The "Blue Granary" is of great significance for safeguarding food security, promoting economicdevelopment, culturing emerging industries, highlighting national rights, improving the ecological environment,and breaking through industrial bottlenecks. In the current technological and industrial situation, how to constructthe "Blue Granary" effectively has become a hot topic. Here we elaborated the definition, particularity, necessityand feasibility of "Blue Granary" construction in a systematic and deep-going way. We suggested that theconstruction of "Blue Granary" should help to realize the transformation from a big industrial country to a strongone and to achieve the goal of improving the ability of scientific and technological innovation. What's more, theimplementation approaches have been proposed from the following aspects: focusing on major needs, constructingthe value chain of scientific and technological advances; adhering to the original drive, making breakthrough atimportant scientific issues; strengthening integrated demonstration, supporting the healthy and sustainabledevelopment of the industry. Specifically, we should commit to the general principle of ensuring ecologicalpriority and coordination of land and sea integrated development plans in accordance with the requirements ofbasic research, major common key technologies, and typical application demonstrations of the entire chain. Then,we continued to take four major measures including seed breeding drive, technology upgradation, space expansion,and industrial demonstration, in order to meet the industrial demands, namely germplasm creation, healthyaquaculture, resources conservation, friendly fishing, and circulation processing. In the meanwhile, we need tobuild three systems of smart farming, intelligent fishing and green processing, and to accomplish two goals ofhigh-quality protein supply and industrial transformation and upgrading, all of which eventually will makecontributions to construct a blue granary with Chinese characteristics.
引文
[1]杨红生,邢丽丽,张立斌.现代渔业创新发展亟待链条设计与原创驱动[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(12):1339-1346.Yang H S,Xing L L,Zhang L B.Promoting systematic design and innovation-driven development for modern fishery[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016,31(12):1339-1346(in Chinese).
[2]曾呈奎.走农牧化道路为主导的水产生产发展我国的蓝色农业[J].科学与管理,2000,20(4):11-13.Zeng C K.The blue agriculture of our country develops aquaculture production that takes agro-pastoral road as dominant[J].Science and Management,2000,20(4):11-13(in Chinese).
[3]张福绥.21世纪我国的蓝色农业[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(12):21-28.Zhang F S.Blue agriculture of China in 21st century[J].Engineering Science,2000,2(12):21-28(in Chinese).
[4]韩立民,李大海."蓝色粮仓":国家粮食安全的战略保障[J].农业经济问题,2015(1):24-29.Han L M,Li D H.Blue food system:guarantee of China's food security[J].Problems of AgriculturalEconomy,2015(1):24-29(in Chinese).
[5]杨红生.试论我国"蓝色农业"的第二次飞跃[J].世界科技研究与发展,1999,21(4):77-80.Yang H S.Second leap in“blue agriculture”devlopment[J].World Science-Technology R&D,1999,21(4):77-80(in Chinese).
[6]兰圣伟.深耕"蓝色土地"建设"蓝色粮仓"-访中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院副院长韩立民[N].中国海洋报,2014-7-30(511期,A3版).Lan S W.Deep ploughing"blue land",constructing"blue granary"-interviewing Vice director Limin Han from Ocean University of China[N].China Ocean News,2014-7-30(511,A3)(in Chinese).
[7]卢昆.蓝色粮仓概念重构及其建设模式选择研究[J].东岳论丛,2017(6):117-122.Lu K.Study on the conceptual reconstruction of blue granary and its construction mode selection[J].Dongyue Tribune,2017(6):117-122(in Chinese).
[8]卢昆,周娟枝,刘晓宁.蓝色粮仓的概念特征及其演化趋势[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2012(2):35-39.Lu K,Zhou J Z,Liu X Y.Study on the characteristics of blue granary and its evolution trend[J].Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences Edition),2012(2):35-39(in Chinese).
[9]成升魁,李云云,刘晓洁,等.关于新时代我国粮食安全观的思考[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(6):911-926.Cheng S K,Li Y Y,Liu X J,et al.Thoughts on food security in China in the new period[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(6):911-926(in Chinese).
[10]张兰婷,王波,秦宏.论我国"蓝色粮仓"发展模式的构建[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(5):36-44.Zhang L T,Wang B,Qin H.On the construction of development mode of blue granary in China[J].Journal of shandong university(philosophy and social sciences),2018(5):36-44(in Chinese).
[11]成升魁,徐增让,谢高地,等.中国粮食安全百年变化历程[J].农学学报,2018(1):186-192.Cheng S K,Xu Z R,Xie G D,et al.The History of China's Food Security in the Past Hundreds Years[J].Journal of Agriculture,2018(1):186-192(in Chinese).
[12]刘阳光,徐麟辉.渔业对粮食安全的作用及对策[J].中国渔业经济研究,1998(3):21-22.Liu Y G,Xu Q H.The function of fishery to food security and countermeasure[J].Chinese Fisheries Economy Research,1998(3):21-22(in Chinese).
[13]张珊.湖南现代渔业发展研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.Zhang S.Research on the development of modern fishery industry in Hunan[D].Changsha:Hunan agricultural university,2013(in Chinese).
[14]张合成.建设生态文明水产业的作用不可替代[J].中国水产,2008(6):17-20.Zhang H C.The role of aquaculture is irreplaceable when Building ecological civilization[J].China Fisheries,2008(6):17-20(in Chinese).
[15]Agardy,T.Effects of fisheries on marine ecosystems:a conservationist's perspective[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2000,57(3):761-765.
[16]Wilson K D,Leung A W,Kennish R.Restoration of Hong Kong fisheries through deployment of artificial reefs in marine protected areas[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59(suppl):S157-S163.
[17]Greenville J,MacAulay T G.Protected areas in fisheries:a two‐patch,two‐species model[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,2006,50(2):207-226.
[18]海洋农业产业科技创新战略研究组环境保护与资源养护专题组.发展海洋环境保护与资源养护产业刻不容缓[J].中国农村科技,2013(11):64-65.Research Group on Scientific and Technological Innovation Strategy of Marine Agricultural Industry.It is urgent to develop Marine environmental protection and resource conservation industries[J].China Rural Science&Technology,2013(11):64-65(in Chinese).
[19]刘翔,付娜.滨海新区城乡一体化进程中农村产业升级的路径选择[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(8):4934-4937.Liu X,Fu N.Path choice on rural industrial upgrading in the process of rural-urban integration in binhai new area[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,,2011,39(8):4934-4937(in Chinese).
[20]国务院.国务院关于促进海洋渔业持续健康发展的若干意见[R].北京:国务院,2013State Council.Several opinions of the state council on promoting the sustainable and healthy development ofMarine fishery[R].Beijing:State Council,2013(in Chinese).
[21]王波,翟璐,韩立民.美国、加拿大和日本"蓝色粮仓"发展概况与经验启示[J].世界农业,2018(2):28-34.Wang B,Zhai L,Han L M.Overview and experience of the development of"blue granary"in the United States,Canada and Japan[J].World Agriculture,2018(2):28-34(in Chinese).
[22]杨红生,杨心愿,林承刚,等.着力实现海洋牧场建设的理念,装备,技术,管理现代化[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(7):732-738.Yang H S,Yang X Y,Lin C G,et al.Strive to realize modernization of concept,equipment,technology,and m a n a g e m e n t o f m o d e r n m a r i n c e r a n c h i n g development[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018,33(7):732-738(in Chinese).
[23]杨红生.海岸带生态农牧场新模式构建设想与途径--以黄河三角洲为例[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(10):1111-1117.Yang H S.Conception and approach on new model of ecological farm and ranch constructions in coastal zone--a case of the yellow river delta,China[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,32(10):1111-1117(in Chinese).
[24]杨红生.我国海洋牧场建设回顾与展望[J].水产学报,2016,40(7):1133-1140.Yang H S.Construction of marine ranching in China:reviews and prospects[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(7):1133-1140(in Chinese).
[25]韩立民.海洋产业结构与布局的理论和实证研究[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2007.Han L M.Theoretical and empirical research on maritime industrial structure and distribution[M].Qingdao:Ocean University of China Press,2007(in Chinese).
[26]唐启升,韩冬,毛玉泽,等.中国水产养殖种类组成、不投饵率和营养级[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(4):729-758.Tang Q S,Han D,Mao Y Z,et al.Species composition,non-fed rate and trophic level of Chinese aquaculture[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(4):729-758(in Chinese).
[2]曾呈奎.走农牧化道路为主导的水产生产发展我国的蓝色农业[J].科学与管理,2000,20(4):11-13.Zeng C K.The blue agriculture of our country develops aquaculture production that takes agro-pastoral road as dominant[J].Science and Management,2000,20(4):11-13(in Chinese).
[3]张福绥.21世纪我国的蓝色农业[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(12):21-28.Zhang F S.Blue agriculture of China in 21st century[J].Engineering Science,2000,2(12):21-28(in Chinese).
[4]韩立民,李大海."蓝色粮仓":国家粮食安全的战略保障[J].农业经济问题,2015(1):24-29.Han L M,Li D H.Blue food system:guarantee of China's food security[J].Problems of AgriculturalEconomy,2015(1):24-29(in Chinese).
[5]杨红生.试论我国"蓝色农业"的第二次飞跃[J].世界科技研究与发展,1999,21(4):77-80.Yang H S.Second leap in“blue agriculture”devlopment[J].World Science-Technology R&D,1999,21(4):77-80(in Chinese).
[6]兰圣伟.深耕"蓝色土地"建设"蓝色粮仓"-访中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院副院长韩立民[N].中国海洋报,2014-7-30(511期,A3版).Lan S W.Deep ploughing"blue land",constructing"blue granary"-interviewing Vice director Limin Han from Ocean University of China[N].China Ocean News,2014-7-30(511,A3)(in Chinese).
[7]卢昆.蓝色粮仓概念重构及其建设模式选择研究[J].东岳论丛,2017(6):117-122.Lu K.Study on the conceptual reconstruction of blue granary and its construction mode selection[J].Dongyue Tribune,2017(6):117-122(in Chinese).
[8]卢昆,周娟枝,刘晓宁.蓝色粮仓的概念特征及其演化趋势[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2012(2):35-39.Lu K,Zhou J Z,Liu X Y.Study on the characteristics of blue granary and its evolution trend[J].Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences Edition),2012(2):35-39(in Chinese).
[9]成升魁,李云云,刘晓洁,等.关于新时代我国粮食安全观的思考[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(6):911-926.Cheng S K,Li Y Y,Liu X J,et al.Thoughts on food security in China in the new period[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(6):911-926(in Chinese).
[10]张兰婷,王波,秦宏.论我国"蓝色粮仓"发展模式的构建[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(5):36-44.Zhang L T,Wang B,Qin H.On the construction of development mode of blue granary in China[J].Journal of shandong university(philosophy and social sciences),2018(5):36-44(in Chinese).
[11]成升魁,徐增让,谢高地,等.中国粮食安全百年变化历程[J].农学学报,2018(1):186-192.Cheng S K,Xu Z R,Xie G D,et al.The History of China's Food Security in the Past Hundreds Years[J].Journal of Agriculture,2018(1):186-192(in Chinese).
[12]刘阳光,徐麟辉.渔业对粮食安全的作用及对策[J].中国渔业经济研究,1998(3):21-22.Liu Y G,Xu Q H.The function of fishery to food security and countermeasure[J].Chinese Fisheries Economy Research,1998(3):21-22(in Chinese).
[13]张珊.湖南现代渔业发展研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.Zhang S.Research on the development of modern fishery industry in Hunan[D].Changsha:Hunan agricultural university,2013(in Chinese).
[14]张合成.建设生态文明水产业的作用不可替代[J].中国水产,2008(6):17-20.Zhang H C.The role of aquaculture is irreplaceable when Building ecological civilization[J].China Fisheries,2008(6):17-20(in Chinese).
[15]Agardy,T.Effects of fisheries on marine ecosystems:a conservationist's perspective[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2000,57(3):761-765.
[16]Wilson K D,Leung A W,Kennish R.Restoration of Hong Kong fisheries through deployment of artificial reefs in marine protected areas[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59(suppl):S157-S163.
[17]Greenville J,MacAulay T G.Protected areas in fisheries:a two‐patch,two‐species model[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,2006,50(2):207-226.
[18]海洋农业产业科技创新战略研究组环境保护与资源养护专题组.发展海洋环境保护与资源养护产业刻不容缓[J].中国农村科技,2013(11):64-65.Research Group on Scientific and Technological Innovation Strategy of Marine Agricultural Industry.It is urgent to develop Marine environmental protection and resource conservation industries[J].China Rural Science&Technology,2013(11):64-65(in Chinese).
[19]刘翔,付娜.滨海新区城乡一体化进程中农村产业升级的路径选择[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(8):4934-4937.Liu X,Fu N.Path choice on rural industrial upgrading in the process of rural-urban integration in binhai new area[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,,2011,39(8):4934-4937(in Chinese).
[20]国务院.国务院关于促进海洋渔业持续健康发展的若干意见[R].北京:国务院,2013State Council.Several opinions of the state council on promoting the sustainable and healthy development ofMarine fishery[R].Beijing:State Council,2013(in Chinese).
[21]王波,翟璐,韩立民.美国、加拿大和日本"蓝色粮仓"发展概况与经验启示[J].世界农业,2018(2):28-34.Wang B,Zhai L,Han L M.Overview and experience of the development of"blue granary"in the United States,Canada and Japan[J].World Agriculture,2018(2):28-34(in Chinese).
[22]杨红生,杨心愿,林承刚,等.着力实现海洋牧场建设的理念,装备,技术,管理现代化[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(7):732-738.Yang H S,Yang X Y,Lin C G,et al.Strive to realize modernization of concept,equipment,technology,and m a n a g e m e n t o f m o d e r n m a r i n c e r a n c h i n g development[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018,33(7):732-738(in Chinese).
[23]杨红生.海岸带生态农牧场新模式构建设想与途径--以黄河三角洲为例[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(10):1111-1117.Yang H S.Conception and approach on new model of ecological farm and ranch constructions in coastal zone--a case of the yellow river delta,China[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,32(10):1111-1117(in Chinese).
[24]杨红生.我国海洋牧场建设回顾与展望[J].水产学报,2016,40(7):1133-1140.Yang H S.Construction of marine ranching in China:reviews and prospects[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(7):1133-1140(in Chinese).
[25]韩立民.海洋产业结构与布局的理论和实证研究[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2007.Han L M.Theoretical and empirical research on maritime industrial structure and distribution[M].Qingdao:Ocean University of China Press,2007(in Chinese).
[26]唐启升,韩冬,毛玉泽,等.中国水产养殖种类组成、不投饵率和营养级[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(4):729-758.Tang Q S,Han D,Mao Y Z,et al.Species composition,non-fed rate and trophic level of Chinese aquaculture[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(4):729-758(in Chinese).
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