川西汉旺地区雷口坡组四段风暴岩特征及地质意义
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摘要
通过野外实测剖面和镜下薄片观察,川西汉旺地区雷口坡组四段发育典型的风暴岩,具有底冲刷—充填构造、风暴砾屑层、菊花构造和丘状交错层理等典型风暴沉积标志。根据该风暴岩岩性、沉积位置、沉积标志组合特征,共识别出三种风暴沉积序列类型:1)序列Ⅰ由侵蚀底面及砾屑段、粒序段组成,代表靠近风暴浪基面附近的台前缓斜坡下部环境; 2)序列Ⅱ由侵蚀底面及砾屑段、粒序段、平行纹层段、丘状纹层段组成,代表靠近正常浪基面附近的台前缓斜坡上部环境; 3)序列Ⅲ由粒序段、平行纹层段组成,代表台地边缘环境。风暴层序自下而上的沉积演化为:台前缓斜坡下部—台前缓斜坡上部—台地边缘,整体为一个向上变浅的沉积序列。
On the basis of outcrop and thin section analyses,tempestites were identified in the fourth member of the Leikoupo Formation,Hanwang area,western Sichuan Basin. The major markers of storm sediments are scouring fill structures,storm-flow-generated gravelstones, chrysanthemum-like structures and hummocky cross-stratifications( HCS) etc. Three types of storm-deposited sequence were observed,in terms of their lithology,sedimentary position and depositional marks. Type I consists of storm gravelstone and graded members deposited at the lowest part of slopes near the storm wave base. Type II contains a storm gravelstone member,a graded member,a parallel lamination member and an HCS,which is deposited at the uppermost part of the slope near the fine-weather wave base. Type III comprises a graded member and a parallel lamination member,deposited at the platform margin. The depositional evolution of the tempestites shallows upward from the base of the slope to the upper part of the slope at the platform margin.The discovery of tempesites in the study area is highly significant in understanding paleolatitude and paleoplate evolution,paleoclimate change,stratigraphic isochronous contrast,and the sedimentary environment of the Sichuan Basin during the Middle Triassic,particularly the development of the Longmenshan island chain in the Songpan-Ganzi Sea.
On the basis of outcrop and thin section analyses,tempestites were identified in the fourth member of the Leikoupo Formation,Hanwang area,western Sichuan Basin. The major markers of storm sediments are scouring fill structures,storm-flow-generated gravelstones, chrysanthemum-like structures and hummocky cross-stratifications( HCS) etc. Three types of storm-deposited sequence were observed,in terms of their lithology,sedimentary position and depositional marks. Type I consists of storm gravelstone and graded members deposited at the lowest part of slopes near the storm wave base. Type II contains a storm gravelstone member,a graded member,a parallel lamination member and an HCS,which is deposited at the uppermost part of the slope near the fine-weather wave base. Type III comprises a graded member and a parallel lamination member,deposited at the platform margin. The depositional evolution of the tempestites shallows upward from the base of the slope to the upper part of the slope at the platform margin.The discovery of tempesites in the study area is highly significant in understanding paleolatitude and paleoplate evolution,paleoclimate change,stratigraphic isochronous contrast,and the sedimentary environment of the Sichuan Basin during the Middle Triassic,particularly the development of the Longmenshan island chain in the Songpan-Ganzi Sea.
引文
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[2]宋金民,杨迪,李朋威,等.中国碳酸盐风暴岩发育特征及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2012,26(3):589-600.[Song Jinmin,Yang Di,Li Pengwei,et al. Development characteristics and geological significance of carbonate tempestites in China[J]. Geoscience,2012,26(3):589-600.]
[3]宋金民,刘树根,赵异华,等.川中地区中下寒武统风暴岩特征及沉积地质意义[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):30-42.[Song Jinmin,Liu Shugen,Zhao Yihua,et al. Characteristics and sedimentary geological significances of Lower-Middle Cambrian tempestites in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):30-42.]
[4]李华启,姜在兴,邢焕清,等.四川盆地西部上三叠统须家河组二段风暴岩沉积特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(1):81-86.[Li Huaqi,Jiang Zaixing,Xing Huanqing,et al. Characteristics of storm deposits in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(1):81-86.]
[5]林彤,刘树根,宋金民,等.川北南江地区下三叠统飞一段风暴沉积特征及地质意义[J].沉积学报,2015,33(5):899-908.[Lin Tong,Liu Shugen,Song Jinmin,et al. The sedimentary characteristics and geological significances of carbonate tempestites near the boundary of Late Permian to Early Triassic at Nanjiang Section,north of Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(5):899-908.]
[6]胡志水,赵永胜.重庆中梁山三叠系飞仙关组三段风暴沉积[J].沉积学报,1993,11(2):84-90.[Hu Zhishui,Zhao Yongsheng. Storm deposits in member III of Feixianguan Formation,Triasic Series in Zhongliang Mountain,Chongqing[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1993,11(2):84-90.]
[7]彭靖淞,刘树根,赵霞飞,等.川西中三叠统天井山组风暴沉积的发现及古地理意义[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(1):83-88,111.[Peng Jingsong,Liu Shugen,Zhao Xiafei,et al. Discovery of tempestite in Middle Triassic Tianjingshan Formation in western Sichuan and its paleogeographic significance[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(1):83-88,111.]
[8]曾德铭.川西北地区中三叠统雷口坡组储层研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2005.[Zeng Deming. The study of reservoir in the Middle Triassic in northwest Sichuan Basin[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2005.]
[9]林彤.川西地区中部中三叠统雷四段储层特征[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016.[Lin Tong. Reservoir characteristics of Middle Triassic Leikoupo-4 Formation in the central part of western Sichuan Basin[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2016.]
[10] Kreisa R D,Bambach R K. The role of storm processes in generating shell beds in Paleozoic shelf environments[M]//Einsele G,seilacher A. Cyclic and event stratification. Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,1982:200-207.
[11] Allen J R L. Sedimentary structures,their character and physical basis[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,1982:2.
[12] Aigner T. Calcareous tempestites:storm-dominated stratification in upper muschelkalk limestones(Middle Trias, SW-Germany)[M]//Einsele G,Seilacher A. Cyclic and event stratification. Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,1982:18-198.
[13]宋金民,罗平,刘树根,等.塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克地区下寒武统风暴岩及其地质意义[J].地学前缘,2014,21(6):346-355.[Song Jinmin,Luo Ping,Liu Shugen,et al. Lower Cambrian tempestites and their geological significances in Sugaitblak area,Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(6):346-355.]
[14]刘树臣.风暴岩的基本特征及其与浊积岩的区别标志[J].岩相古地理,1989(5):44-55,43.[Liu Shuchen. The basic characteristics of storm rocks and their distinguishing signs from turbidites[J]. Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,1989(5):44-55,43.]
[15]李壮福,郭英海.徐州地区震旦系贾园组的风暴沉积[J].古地理学报,2000,2(2):19-27.[Li Zhuangfu,Guo Yinghai. Storm deposits in the Sinian Jiayuan Formation of Xuzhou area[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2000,2(2):19-27.]
[16]刘宝珺,许效松,罗安屏,等.中国扬子地台西缘寒武纪风暴事件与磷矿沉积[J].沉积学报,1987,5(3):28-39,186.[Liu Baojun,Xu Xiaosong,Luo Anping,et al. Storm events and phosphate deposition in Cambrian on the western margin of the Yangtze Platform,China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1987,5(3):28-39,186.]
[17]郑斌嵩,牟传龙,梁薇,等.黔西北丁台地区下寒武统清虚洞组风暴沉积的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,2016,34(3):478-486.[Zheng Binsong,Mou Chuanlong,Liang Wei,et al. Discovery and significance of the storm deposit within the Lower Cambrian Qingxudong Formation in the Dingtai area,northwestern Guizhou[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2016,34(3):478-486.]
[18]陈林洲,罗新民,肖劲东.鄂东南早三叠世钙质风暴沉积特征及其初步研究[J].岩相古地理,1991(3):1-9.[Chen Linzhou,Luo Xinmin,Xiao Jindong,et al. Early Triassic calcareous storm deposits in southeastern Hubei[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,1991(3):1-9.]
[19]刘树根,宋金民,罗平,等.四川盆地深层微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征及其油气勘探前景[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(2):129-152.[Liu Shugen,Song Jinmin,Luo Ping,et al. Characteristics of microbial carbonate reservoir and its hydrocarbon exploring outlook in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2016,43(2):129-152.]
[20]冯动军,朱彤,李宏涛.川西海相雷口坡组成藏地质特征及控制因素[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(6):1-7.[Feng Dongjun,Zhu Tong,Li Hongtao. Geological features and control factors of reservoir forming in Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,28(6):1-7.]
[21]徐锦龙,洪天求,贾志海,等.四川江油马角坝地区船山组核形石基本特征及其环境意义[J].沉积学报,2013,31(1):1-9.[Xu Jinlong,Hong Tianqiu,Jia Zhihai,et al. Characteristics and environmental significance of the Chuanshan Formation oncoids in the Majiaoba area,northwestern Sichuan province[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(1):1-9.]
[22]林元弼,汤明敏,陆森娥,等.天气学[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1988:331-335.[Lin Yuanbi,Tang Mingmin,Lu Sen’e,et al. Synoptic[M]. Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,1988:331-335.]
[23]朱志文,郝天珧,赵惠生.攀西及邻区印支—燕山期地块构造运动的古地磁考证[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(4):420-431.[Zhu Zhiwen,Hao Tianyao,Zhao Huisheng. Paleomagnetic study on the tectonic motion of Pan-Xi block and adjacent area during Yinzhi-Yanshan period[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica,1988,31(4):420-431.]
[24] Parrish J T. Latitudinal distribution of land and shelf and absorbed solar radiation during the Phanerozoic[R]. Denver:U. S. Geological Survey,1985
[25] Russell F D,Parrish J T,Parrish J M,et al. The Pangaean Megamonsoon:evidence from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation,Colorado Plateau[J]. Palaios,1991,6(4):347-370.
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