材料复合视角下的高铬铸铁组织结构
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摘要
高铬铸铁可以看成是由增强相和基体相组成的颗粒增强复合材料,从材料复合的角度对高铬铸铁磨料磨损进行了分析。结果表明:高铬铸铁中碳化物保护基体减少受磨料冲击和磨损,基体固定和支撑碳化物以免碳化物失稳或被拔出;碳化物尺寸太小容易被冲断或被连根挖出,尺寸太大脆断倾向大;碳化物间距过大,磨料落在基体上的机率增大,间距过小时又使得基体难于固定和支撑;碳化物体积分数过小不耐磨,过大会使基体过于弱化;不同组织类型的基体性能差异很大,其中马氏体基体最耐磨但韧性差。结合分析结果,综述了高铬铸铁中碳化物和基体的主要控制方法。
High chromium cast iron may be considered as a particulate reinforced composite which consists of matrix materials and reinforced phase. Abrasive wear of high chromium cast iron was analyzed from the perspective of materials composition. The results show that the carbides in high chromium cast iron protect the matrix from abrasive impact and wear, and the matrix fixes and supports the carbides to prevent the carbides from instability or being pulled out. The size of carbide is too small and it is easy to be cut off or dug out by connecting roots. If the carbide spacing is too large, the probability of abrasive falling on the matrix increases, and if the carbide spacing is too small, the matrix is difficult to be fixed and supported. Carbide volume fraction is too small to wear, too large to make the matrix too weak; The matrix properties of different structure types vary greatly, among which martensite matrix is the most wear-resistant but has poor toughness.
High chromium cast iron may be considered as a particulate reinforced composite which consists of matrix materials and reinforced phase. Abrasive wear of high chromium cast iron was analyzed from the perspective of materials composition. The results show that the carbides in high chromium cast iron protect the matrix from abrasive impact and wear, and the matrix fixes and supports the carbides to prevent the carbides from instability or being pulled out. The size of carbide is too small and it is easy to be cut off or dug out by connecting roots. If the carbide spacing is too large, the probability of abrasive falling on the matrix increases, and if the carbide spacing is too small, the matrix is difficult to be fixed and supported. Carbide volume fraction is too small to wear, too large to make the matrix too weak; The matrix properties of different structure types vary greatly, among which martensite matrix is the most wear-resistant but has poor toughness.
引文
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[2]Sun Ting,Song Renbo,Wang Xu,et al.Abrasive wear behavior and mechanism of high chromium cast[J].Jounrnal of Iron and Steel Research,International.2015,22(1):84-89.
[3]D.Siekaniec,D.Kopyciński,A.Szcz誰sny,et al.Effect of titanium inoculation on tribological properties of high chromium cast iron[J].Archives of Foundry Engineering.2017,17(4):143-146.
[4]龚沛,赵曜,杨浩,等.碳、铬含量及热处理工艺对高铬铸铁力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2017,42(9):137-142.
[5]任莹,路学成,许爱芬,等.颗粒增强金属基复合材料简介[J].热处理.2011,26(5):15-18.
[6]Stachowiak G W,Batchelor A W.Engineering tribology,2nd edition[M].Wohurn:Butterworth-heinemann,2000.
[7]朱步生,彭永富,郑伟,等.冲蚀角对高铬铸铁抗泥沙磨损性能影响的实验研究[J].中国水运,2014(2):170-172.
[8]王荣国.复合材料概论[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2011.
[9]闵婷,高义民,李烨飞,等.第一性原理研究碳化铬的电子结构、硬度和德拜温度[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2012,41(2):271-275.
[10]郝石坚.铬白口铸铁及其生产技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2011.
[11]慈铁军,齐纪渝,叶锋.铬对高铬铸铁组织和性能的影响[J].铸造,2000,49(S1):677-679.
[12]刘筱薇,仵海东,周安若,等.热处理对新型高铬铸铁组织与性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(2):173-176.
[13]Ma Youping,Li Xiulan,Liu Yugao,et al.Effect of Ti-V-Nb-Mo addition on microstructure of high chromium cast iron[J].China Foundry,2012,9(2):148-153.
[14]Guo Erjun,Wang Lihua,Wang Liping,et al.Effects of RE,V,Ti and B composite modification on the microstructure and properties of high chromium cast iron containing 3%molybdenum[J].Rare Metals,2009,28(6):606-611.
[15]Lin Chiming,Chang Chiaming,Chen Jiehao,et al.The effects of additive elements on the microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of Cr-Fe-C hard-facing alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2010,498(1):30-36.
[16]郭克星,夏鹏举.高铬铸铁耐磨性的研究进展与展望[J].铸造技术,2018,39(9):2138-2141.
[17]Hou Yuncheng,Wang You,Pan Zhaoyi,et al.Influence of rare earth nanoparticles and inoculants on performance and microstructure of high chromium cast iron[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2012,30(3):283-288.
[18]张宇彤,王丽萍.RE对高铬铸铁变质效果的研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2005,10(3):7-10.
[19]袁晓洲.用高铬铸铁研制排渣阀过流件[J].新技术新工艺,2003(2):38-40.
[20]刘嘉,张锁梅,赵爱民,等.热处理对高铬铸铁组织和硬度的影响[J].热加工工艺,2013,39(9):28-33.
[21]赵亚忠.超高铬抗磨损耐腐蚀铸铁的研制及应用[J].中国铸造装备与技术,2003(3):24-25.