不同温度下韭菜迟眼蕈蚊年龄-阶段两性实验种群生命表的构建
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摘要
为了明确温度对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育和繁殖的影响,本文利用年龄-阶段两性种群生命表研究了该虫北京种群在4种温度(15、20、25和30℃)下的发育历期、存活率、繁殖力以及其他的种群参数。结果表明,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊各虫态发育历期以及产卵前期均随温度升高而缩短。在25℃条件下的单雌产卵量为85.34粒,显著高于其他3个温度。内禀增长率(r)和周限增长率(λ)随温度的升高而升高,平均世代周期(T)则出现相反的趋势,在25℃下净增殖率(R_0)最大,为45.77。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在15～30℃范围内都能完成生长发育和繁殖,但25℃下种群存活率高、繁殖力大、世代周期较短,更适合种群暴发。
In order to understand the effects of temperature on Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang, the age-stage two-sex life table was used to obtain the developmental duration, survival rate, fecundity and population parameters of Beijing population under four different temperatures(15, 20, 25 and 30℃). The results showed that the developmental duration and pre-oviposition duration of B. odoriphaga decreased with increasing temperature. The average number of eggs laid per female at 25℃ was 85.34, significantly higher than at the other three temperatures. The intrinsic rate of increase(r) and the finite rate of increase(λ) increased with increasing temperature; however, the mean generation time(T) had a different trend. The highest net reproductive value(R_0) occurred at 25℃(45.77), significantly different from those at the other temperatures. These results indicated that B. odoriphaga was able to develop, survive and reproduce successfully across the entire temperature range from 15℃ to 30℃; however, under the condition of 25℃, with higher survival rate and fecundity and shorter generation, it was the most suitable temperature for the population growth of B. odoriphaga.
In order to understand the effects of temperature on Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang, the age-stage two-sex life table was used to obtain the developmental duration, survival rate, fecundity and population parameters of Beijing population under four different temperatures(15, 20, 25 and 30℃). The results showed that the developmental duration and pre-oviposition duration of B. odoriphaga decreased with increasing temperature. The average number of eggs laid per female at 25℃ was 85.34, significantly higher than at the other three temperatures. The intrinsic rate of increase(r) and the finite rate of increase(λ) increased with increasing temperature; however, the mean generation time(T) had a different trend. The highest net reproductive value(R_0) occurred at 25℃(45.77), significantly different from those at the other temperatures. These results indicated that B. odoriphaga was able to develop, survive and reproduce successfully across the entire temperature range from 15℃ to 30℃; however, under the condition of 25℃, with higher survival rate and fecundity and shorter generation, it was the most suitable temperature for the population growth of B. odoriphaga.
引文
[1] 杨集昆,张学敏.韭菜蛆的鉴定迟眼蕈蚊属二新种(双翅目:眼蕈蚊科)[J].北京大学学报,1985,11(2):153-156.
[2] LI Wenxiang, YANG Yuting, XIE Wen, et al. Effects of temperature on the age-stage, two-sex life table of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2015, 108(1):126-134.
[3] UMINA P A, WEEKS A R, Kearney M R, et al. A rapid shift in a classic clinal pattern in Drosophila reflecting climate change [J]. Science, 2005, 308(5722): 691-693.
[4] BROUFAS G D, PAPPAS M L, KOVEOS D S.Effect of relative humidity on longevity, ovarian maturation, and egg production in the olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) [J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2009, 102: 70-75.
[5] FORSTER J A, HIRST G, WOODWARD G. Growth and development rates have different thermal responses [J].The American Society of Naturalist,2011,178:668-678.
[6] 梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在不同温度下的实验种群生命表[J].昆虫学报,2004,47(2):219-222.
[7] 史彩华,杨玉婷,韩昊霖,等.北京地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及越夏越冬场所调查研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(6):1174-1183.
[8] 罗茵,祝国栋,薛明,等.高温胁迫对异迟眼蕈蚊与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊存活及生殖的影响[C]//陈万权.绿色生态可持续发展与植物保护—中国植物保护学会第十二次全国会员代表大会暨学术年会.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2017:152.
[9] CHI H. Timing of control based on the stage structure of pest population: a simulation approach [J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 1990, 83: 1143-1150.
[10] CHI H, HUANG Y S.Age-stage, two-sex life tables of Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) with mathematical proof of the relationship between female fecundity and the net reproductive rate [J]. Environmental Entomology, 2006, 35: 10-21.
[11] SOUTHWOOD T R E. The construction, description and analysis of age-specific life-tables [M]//SOUTHWOOD T R E.Ecological methods. Netherlands: Springer,1978:356-387.
[12] 吴坤君,龚佩瑜,李秀珍,等.粘虫的年龄-发育期结构生命表[J].昆虫学报,1994,37(4):426-434.
[13] CHI H. Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rates among individuals[J]. Environmental Entomology, 1988, 17: 26-34.
[14] HUANG Y B, CHI H. Assessing the application of the jackknife and bootstrap techniques to the estimation of the variability of the net reproductive rate and gross reproductive rate: a case study in Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) [J]. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2012, 61: 37-45.
[15] 郝强, 黄倩, 梁炜博, 等. 不同温度下斜纹夜蛾的两性生命表[J]. 昆虫学报, 2016, 59(6): 654-662.
[16] ZHANG Tao, REITZ S R, WANG Haihong, et al. Sublethal effects of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) on life table parameters of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)[J].Journal of Economic Entomology, 2015, 108(3): 975-985.
[17] CHANG Cheng, HUANG Chunyen, DAI Shumei, et al. Genetically engineered ricin suppresses Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on demographic analysis of group-reared life table[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2016,109(3):987-992.
[18] MAIMUSA H A, AHMAD A H, KASSIM N F, et al. Age-stage, two sex life table characteristics of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in Penang Island, Malaysia [J]. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2016, 32(1): 1-11.
[19] CHI H, LIU H. Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology [J]. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, 1985, 24: 225-240.
[20] CHI H. TIMING-MSChart: a computer program for the population projection based on the age-stage, two-sex life table [J/OL]. http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/Download/TIMING-MSChart.rar. 2016a.
[21] GOODMAN D. Optimal life histories, optimal notation, and the value of reproductive value [J]. The American Naturalist,1982, 119: 803-823.
[22] HOFFMAN A A, S?RENSEN J G, LOESCHCKEV. Adaptation of Drosophila to temperature extremes: bringing together quantitative and molecular approaches [J]. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2003, 28:175-216.
[23] CUI Xuhong, WAN Fanghao, XIE Ming, et al. Effects of heat shock on survival and reproduction of two whitefly species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci biotype B [J]. Journal of Insect Science, 2008, 8:24.
[24] ATLIHAN R, CHI H. Temperature-dependent development and demography of Scymnus subvillosus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on Hyalopterus pruni (Homoptera: Aphididae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2008, 101: 325-333.
[25] QIU B, ZHOU Z S, LUO S P, et al. Effect of temperature on development, survival, and fecundity of Microplitis manilae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)[J]. Environmental Entomology, 2012, 41: 657-664.
[26] YU J Z, CHI H, CHEN B H. Comparison of the life tables and predation rates of Harmonia dimidiate (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at different temperatures [J]. Biological Control, 2012, 64:1-9.
[27] FARHADI R, ALLAHYARI H, CHI H. Life table and predation capacity of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) [J]. Biological Control, 2011, 59(2): 83-89.
[2] LI Wenxiang, YANG Yuting, XIE Wen, et al. Effects of temperature on the age-stage, two-sex life table of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2015, 108(1):126-134.
[3] UMINA P A, WEEKS A R, Kearney M R, et al. A rapid shift in a classic clinal pattern in Drosophila reflecting climate change [J]. Science, 2005, 308(5722): 691-693.
[4] BROUFAS G D, PAPPAS M L, KOVEOS D S.Effect of relative humidity on longevity, ovarian maturation, and egg production in the olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) [J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2009, 102: 70-75.
[5] FORSTER J A, HIRST G, WOODWARD G. Growth and development rates have different thermal responses [J].The American Society of Naturalist,2011,178:668-678.
[6] 梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在不同温度下的实验种群生命表[J].昆虫学报,2004,47(2):219-222.
[7] 史彩华,杨玉婷,韩昊霖,等.北京地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及越夏越冬场所调查研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(6):1174-1183.
[8] 罗茵,祝国栋,薛明,等.高温胁迫对异迟眼蕈蚊与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊存活及生殖的影响[C]//陈万权.绿色生态可持续发展与植物保护—中国植物保护学会第十二次全国会员代表大会暨学术年会.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2017:152.
[9] CHI H. Timing of control based on the stage structure of pest population: a simulation approach [J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 1990, 83: 1143-1150.
[10] CHI H, HUANG Y S.Age-stage, two-sex life tables of Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) with mathematical proof of the relationship between female fecundity and the net reproductive rate [J]. Environmental Entomology, 2006, 35: 10-21.
[11] SOUTHWOOD T R E. The construction, description and analysis of age-specific life-tables [M]//SOUTHWOOD T R E.Ecological methods. Netherlands: Springer,1978:356-387.
[12] 吴坤君,龚佩瑜,李秀珍,等.粘虫的年龄-发育期结构生命表[J].昆虫学报,1994,37(4):426-434.
[13] CHI H. Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rates among individuals[J]. Environmental Entomology, 1988, 17: 26-34.
[14] HUANG Y B, CHI H. Assessing the application of the jackknife and bootstrap techniques to the estimation of the variability of the net reproductive rate and gross reproductive rate: a case study in Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) [J]. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2012, 61: 37-45.
[15] 郝强, 黄倩, 梁炜博, 等. 不同温度下斜纹夜蛾的两性生命表[J]. 昆虫学报, 2016, 59(6): 654-662.
[16] ZHANG Tao, REITZ S R, WANG Haihong, et al. Sublethal effects of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) on life table parameters of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)[J].Journal of Economic Entomology, 2015, 108(3): 975-985.
[17] CHANG Cheng, HUANG Chunyen, DAI Shumei, et al. Genetically engineered ricin suppresses Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on demographic analysis of group-reared life table[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2016,109(3):987-992.
[18] MAIMUSA H A, AHMAD A H, KASSIM N F, et al. Age-stage, two sex life table characteristics of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in Penang Island, Malaysia [J]. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2016, 32(1): 1-11.
[19] CHI H, LIU H. Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology [J]. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, 1985, 24: 225-240.
[20] CHI H. TIMING-MSChart: a computer program for the population projection based on the age-stage, two-sex life table [J/OL]. http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/Download/TIMING-MSChart.rar. 2016a.
[21] GOODMAN D. Optimal life histories, optimal notation, and the value of reproductive value [J]. The American Naturalist,1982, 119: 803-823.
[22] HOFFMAN A A, S?RENSEN J G, LOESCHCKEV. Adaptation of Drosophila to temperature extremes: bringing together quantitative and molecular approaches [J]. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2003, 28:175-216.
[23] CUI Xuhong, WAN Fanghao, XIE Ming, et al. Effects of heat shock on survival and reproduction of two whitefly species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci biotype B [J]. Journal of Insect Science, 2008, 8:24.
[24] ATLIHAN R, CHI H. Temperature-dependent development and demography of Scymnus subvillosus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on Hyalopterus pruni (Homoptera: Aphididae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2008, 101: 325-333.
[25] QIU B, ZHOU Z S, LUO S P, et al. Effect of temperature on development, survival, and fecundity of Microplitis manilae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)[J]. Environmental Entomology, 2012, 41: 657-664.
[26] YU J Z, CHI H, CHEN B H. Comparison of the life tables and predation rates of Harmonia dimidiate (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at different temperatures [J]. Biological Control, 2012, 64:1-9.
[27] FARHADI R, ALLAHYARI H, CHI H. Life table and predation capacity of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) [J]. Biological Control, 2011, 59(2): 83-89.