塔里木盆地深层东河砂岩油藏剩余油地震预测——以东河1油藏为例
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摘要
"长期浅埋"和"晚期快速深埋"的两段式深埋过程,在塔里木盆地深层形成了三项独特的地质特征:(1)深埋砂岩储层的物性保持较好,岩石孔隙度较大;(2)泥岩的速度、密度显著增大,一般大于砂岩;(3)储层内地层压力大、耐压性好、不易变形。上述特征成为塔里木盆地深层剩余油地震预测的重要地质基础。根据东河1油藏的实际参数建立了东河砂岩油藏的储层地质改造模型,开展了地震定量研究,结果表明:(1)含水饱和度上升、泥质含量下降均引起反射振幅减小,0~100%范围内的含水饱和度变化与10%~0范围内的泥质含量变化产生的振幅变化相当;(2)孔隙度上升引起反射振幅增大,14%~24%范围内的孔隙度变化产生的振幅变化10倍于10%~0范围内的泥质含量变化产生的振幅变化;(3)在本文假设条件下,孔隙度上升与泥质含量下降是共生关系,两者产生的振幅变化同时出现、方向相反,综合响应以孔隙度变化产生的振幅变化为主。以油藏开发中后期新采集的地震资料为基础,结合注水井和高含水采油井的相对位置分析目的层反射振幅平面图上的明显分块特征,即可识别长期水驱开发活动引起的储层物性定向改变与油水置换作用的综合响应区域,确定主要的注水受效方向和近似的水驱前缘形态、边界,其外部即为主要的剩余油富集区,并得到东河1油藏新钻井的验证。
Deep burial reservoirs in Tarim Basin went through long-period shallow buried and rapid deep burial.This two-stage burial process forms three unique geological conditions:(1)Physical properties of deep buried sand reservoirs are well kept with medium or good porosity;(2)The velocity and density of mudstone are obviously increased,generally larger than sandstone;(3)Reservoirs have large internal pressure and good anti-compression ability,they are not easy to be deformed.All these constitute an important geological foundation for the residual oil prediction in deep burial sand reservoirs in Tarim Basin on seismic data.Based on available data of Donghe 1,geological models of sand reservoirs are reconstructed,and a seismic quantitative prediction is carried out.The following understandings are obtained:(1)Both water saturation increase and shale content decrease can weaken of seismic amplitude,and the influence of water saturation variation in the range of 0～100%is equivalent to that of the shale content variation in the range of10% ～0;(2)The porosity increase can strengthen the amplitude,and the influence of porosity variation in the range of 14%～24%is ten times more than that of shale content variation in the range of10%～0;(3)Under the assumption of this article,the porosity increase and the shale content decrease form a symbiotic relationship,and their influence on the amplitude appears at the same time but in the opposite direction,the overall response is mainly caused by the porosity variation.Based on a newly acquired 3 Dseismic data associated with the position of injection wells and high water-cut production wells,target plots are characterized by distinct amplitude blocks.So we can distinguish response areas of reservoir physical orientation change from that of oil-water replacement caused by long-term water flooding,and then confirm the main effective direction of water injection and the approximate boundary shape of the water flooding front.Remaining oil enrichment areas are located outside.Such observations are proved by newly drilled wells in the Donghe 1 Area.
Deep burial reservoirs in Tarim Basin went through long-period shallow buried and rapid deep burial.This two-stage burial process forms three unique geological conditions:(1)Physical properties of deep buried sand reservoirs are well kept with medium or good porosity;(2)The velocity and density of mudstone are obviously increased,generally larger than sandstone;(3)Reservoirs have large internal pressure and good anti-compression ability,they are not easy to be deformed.All these constitute an important geological foundation for the residual oil prediction in deep burial sand reservoirs in Tarim Basin on seismic data.Based on available data of Donghe 1,geological models of sand reservoirs are reconstructed,and a seismic quantitative prediction is carried out.The following understandings are obtained:(1)Both water saturation increase and shale content decrease can weaken of seismic amplitude,and the influence of water saturation variation in the range of 0～100%is equivalent to that of the shale content variation in the range of10% ～0;(2)The porosity increase can strengthen the amplitude,and the influence of porosity variation in the range of 14%～24%is ten times more than that of shale content variation in the range of10%～0;(3)Under the assumption of this article,the porosity increase and the shale content decrease form a symbiotic relationship,and their influence on the amplitude appears at the same time but in the opposite direction,the overall response is mainly caused by the porosity variation.Based on a newly acquired 3 Dseismic data associated with the position of injection wells and high water-cut production wells,target plots are characterized by distinct amplitude blocks.So we can distinguish response areas of reservoir physical orientation change from that of oil-water replacement caused by long-term water flooding,and then confirm the main effective direction of water injection and the approximate boundary shape of the water flooding front.Remaining oil enrichment areas are located outside.Such observations are proved by newly drilled wells in the Donghe 1 Area.
引文
[1]Sun Longde,Zhou Xinyuan,Song Wenjie et al.Donghe sandstone subtle reservoir exploration and development technology in Hade 4 Oilfield.Petroleum Science,2004,1(2):35-43.
[2]James D R.Reservoir management using 3-D seismic data.The Leading Edge,1989,8(2):25-31.
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[4]石玉梅,姚逢昌,刘雯林.陆相碎屑岩油藏长期水驱时移地双监测的可行性.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):328-333.Shi Yumei,Yao Fengchang,Liu Wenlin.Feasibility of time-lapse seismic monitoring in long-period waterdrive continental facies clastic rock reservoir.OGP,2005,40(3):328-333.
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[6]Ling Yun,Guo Xiangyu,Cai Yintao et al.Integration of 3Dseismic data and dynamic reservoir data for exploitation of remaining oil in a mature field:A case study in western China.The Leading Edge,2009,28(12):1508-1516.
[7]凌云,郭向宇,蔡银涛等.无基础地震观测的时移地震油藏监测技术.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(6):938-947.Ling Yun,Guo Xiangyu,Cai Yintao et al.3.5D+4Dseismic reservoir surveillance without baseline survey.OGP,2013,48(6):938-947.
[8]夏竹,李中超,贾瑞忠等.井震联合薄储层沉积微相表征实例研究.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):1002-1011.Xia Zhu,Li Zhongchao,Jia Ruizhong et al.Thin reservoir sedimentary microfacies characterization based on well logging and seismic data:a case study.OGP,2016,51(5):1002-1011.
[9]胡见义,吴因业,张静.高海拔与超深地层石油地质若干问题.石油学报,2009,30(2):159-167.Hu Jianyi,Wu Yinye,Zhang Jing.Discussion on petroleum geology theory for high-elevation and ultradeep formations.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(2):159-167.
[10]孙龙德,邹才能,朱如凯等.中国深层油气形成、分布与潜力分析.石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):641-649.Sun Longde,Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai et al.Formation,distribution and potential of deep hydrocarbon resources in China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):641-649.
[11]刘强,余义常,江同文等.哈得逊油田东河砂岩储层水淹变化机理研究.岩性油气藏,2017,29(2):150-159.Liu Qiang,Yu Yichang,Jiang Tongwen et al.The mechanism of reservoir transition through waterflooding of Donghe sandstone of Hadeson Oilfield.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(2):150-159.
[12]李存贵,徐守余.长期注水开发油藏的孔隙结构变化规律.石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):94-96.Li Cungui,Xu Shouyu.Law of pore structure variety in reservoir during a long episode waterflooded development.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(2):94-96.
[13]吴素英.长期注水冲刷储层参数变化规律及对开发效果的影响.大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(4):35-37.Wu Suying.Variation rule of oil layer parameters washed by long-term injected water and its impact on development effect.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2006,25(4):35-37.
[14]姜汉桥,谷建伟,陈民锋等.时变油藏地质模型下剩余油分布的数值模拟研究.石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):91-93.Jiang Hanqiao,Gu Jianwei,Chen Minfeng et al.Reservoir simulation of remaining oil distribution based on time variant reservoir model.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(2):91-93.
[15]刘雯林.水驱油田剩余油分布预测的岩石物理依据和方法.岩性油气藏,2010,22(3):91-94.Liu Wenlin.Rock physics for remaining oil distribution in water flood field.Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(3):91-94.
[16]张水昌,张斌,杨海军等.塔里木盆地喜马拉雅晚期油气藏调整与改造.石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):668-679.Zhang Shuichang,Zhang Bin,Yang Haijun et al.A-djustment and alteration of hydrocarbon reservoirs during the late Himalayan period,Tarim Basin,NWChina.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):668-679.
[17]马德波,贾进华,申银民等.塔里木盆地吉拉克地区东河砂岩尖灭线地震预测技术与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):94-104.Ma Debo,Jia Jinhua,Shen Yinmin et al.Seismic prediction of Donghe sandstone pinch-out line in Jilake,Tarim Basin.OGP,2017,52(1):94-104.
[18]Shawn Maxwell.SEG/SPE/ARMA Injection-induced seismicity workshop.The Leading Edge,2015,34(1):102-104.
[19]乔二伟,赵卫华,龙长兴.含不同孔隙流体的砂岩地震波速度随压力变化的实验研究.地球物理学报,2012,55(12):4257-4265.Qiao Erwei,Zhao Weihua,Long Changxing.A laboratory study of seismic wave velocity in sandstone bearing differential pore fluids at different pressures.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(12):4257-4265.
[20]Xu S,White R.A new velocity model for clay-sand mixtures.Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(1):91-118.
[21]Robert G K,Xu S Y.An approximation for the XuWhite velocity model.Geophysics,2002,67(5):1406-1414.
[22]印兴耀,刘欣欣.储层地震岩石物理建模研究现状与进展.石油物探,2016,55(3):309-325.Yin Xingyao,Liu Xinxin.Research status and progress of the seismic rock-physics modeling methods.GPP,2016,55(3):309-325.
[23]Eshelby J D.The Determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion,and related problems.Royal Society of London Proceedings,1957,241(1226):376-396.
[24]Hill R.A self-consistent mechanics of composite materials.Journal of the Mechanics&Physics of Solids,1965,13(4):213-222.
[2]James D R.Reservoir management using 3-D seismic data.The Leading Edge,1989,8(2):25-31.
[3]Richard C N.The future role of geophysics in reservoir engineering.The Leading Edge,1990,9(12):89-97.
[4]石玉梅,姚逢昌,刘雯林.陆相碎屑岩油藏长期水驱时移地双监测的可行性.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):328-333.Shi Yumei,Yao Fengchang,Liu Wenlin.Feasibility of time-lapse seismic monitoring in long-period waterdrive continental facies clastic rock reservoir.OGP,2005,40(3):328-333.
[5]甘利灯,姚逢昌,杜文辉.水驱油藏四维地震技术.石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):437-444.Gan Lideng,Yao Fengchang,Du Wenhui.4Dseismic technology for water flooding reservoirs.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(4):437-444.
[6]Ling Yun,Guo Xiangyu,Cai Yintao et al.Integration of 3Dseismic data and dynamic reservoir data for exploitation of remaining oil in a mature field:A case study in western China.The Leading Edge,2009,28(12):1508-1516.
[7]凌云,郭向宇,蔡银涛等.无基础地震观测的时移地震油藏监测技术.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(6):938-947.Ling Yun,Guo Xiangyu,Cai Yintao et al.3.5D+4Dseismic reservoir surveillance without baseline survey.OGP,2013,48(6):938-947.
[8]夏竹,李中超,贾瑞忠等.井震联合薄储层沉积微相表征实例研究.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):1002-1011.Xia Zhu,Li Zhongchao,Jia Ruizhong et al.Thin reservoir sedimentary microfacies characterization based on well logging and seismic data:a case study.OGP,2016,51(5):1002-1011.
[9]胡见义,吴因业,张静.高海拔与超深地层石油地质若干问题.石油学报,2009,30(2):159-167.Hu Jianyi,Wu Yinye,Zhang Jing.Discussion on petroleum geology theory for high-elevation and ultradeep formations.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(2):159-167.
[10]孙龙德,邹才能,朱如凯等.中国深层油气形成、分布与潜力分析.石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):641-649.Sun Longde,Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai et al.Formation,distribution and potential of deep hydrocarbon resources in China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):641-649.
[11]刘强,余义常,江同文等.哈得逊油田东河砂岩储层水淹变化机理研究.岩性油气藏,2017,29(2):150-159.Liu Qiang,Yu Yichang,Jiang Tongwen et al.The mechanism of reservoir transition through waterflooding of Donghe sandstone of Hadeson Oilfield.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(2):150-159.
[12]李存贵,徐守余.长期注水开发油藏的孔隙结构变化规律.石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):94-96.Li Cungui,Xu Shouyu.Law of pore structure variety in reservoir during a long episode waterflooded development.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(2):94-96.
[13]吴素英.长期注水冲刷储层参数变化规律及对开发效果的影响.大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(4):35-37.Wu Suying.Variation rule of oil layer parameters washed by long-term injected water and its impact on development effect.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2006,25(4):35-37.
[14]姜汉桥,谷建伟,陈民锋等.时变油藏地质模型下剩余油分布的数值模拟研究.石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):91-93.Jiang Hanqiao,Gu Jianwei,Chen Minfeng et al.Reservoir simulation of remaining oil distribution based on time variant reservoir model.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(2):91-93.
[15]刘雯林.水驱油田剩余油分布预测的岩石物理依据和方法.岩性油气藏,2010,22(3):91-94.Liu Wenlin.Rock physics for remaining oil distribution in water flood field.Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(3):91-94.
[16]张水昌,张斌,杨海军等.塔里木盆地喜马拉雅晚期油气藏调整与改造.石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):668-679.Zhang Shuichang,Zhang Bin,Yang Haijun et al.A-djustment and alteration of hydrocarbon reservoirs during the late Himalayan period,Tarim Basin,NWChina.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):668-679.
[17]马德波,贾进华,申银民等.塔里木盆地吉拉克地区东河砂岩尖灭线地震预测技术与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):94-104.Ma Debo,Jia Jinhua,Shen Yinmin et al.Seismic prediction of Donghe sandstone pinch-out line in Jilake,Tarim Basin.OGP,2017,52(1):94-104.
[18]Shawn Maxwell.SEG/SPE/ARMA Injection-induced seismicity workshop.The Leading Edge,2015,34(1):102-104.
[19]乔二伟,赵卫华,龙长兴.含不同孔隙流体的砂岩地震波速度随压力变化的实验研究.地球物理学报,2012,55(12):4257-4265.Qiao Erwei,Zhao Weihua,Long Changxing.A laboratory study of seismic wave velocity in sandstone bearing differential pore fluids at different pressures.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(12):4257-4265.
[20]Xu S,White R.A new velocity model for clay-sand mixtures.Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(1):91-118.
[21]Robert G K,Xu S Y.An approximation for the XuWhite velocity model.Geophysics,2002,67(5):1406-1414.
[22]印兴耀,刘欣欣.储层地震岩石物理建模研究现状与进展.石油物探,2016,55(3):309-325.Yin Xingyao,Liu Xinxin.Research status and progress of the seismic rock-physics modeling methods.GPP,2016,55(3):309-325.
[23]Eshelby J D.The Determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion,and related problems.Royal Society of London Proceedings,1957,241(1226):376-396.
[24]Hill R.A self-consistent mechanics of composite materials.Journal of the Mechanics&Physics of Solids,1965,13(4):213-222.