几种投球滑套球座材料的冲蚀性能试验研究
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摘要
水力喷砂压裂会对投球滑套球座造成很严重的冲蚀磨损,从而导致坐封失效。为此,对35CrMo、42CrMo、45#、球墨铸铁和WC球座材料的冲蚀磨损进行试验研究,得到如下结论:塑性材料的冲蚀率随冲蚀角的变化规律相同,均在30°附近呈现最大值; WC涂层冲蚀率随冲蚀角的增大而增大,在冲蚀角90°时出现最大值,当砂浆质量分数较小时,冲蚀率随砂浆质量分数的增大而增大,在15%附近达到峰值,但当质量分数继续增大时,材料的冲蚀率趋于稳定;在同等试验条件和小冲蚀角情况下,5种球座材料试样的冲蚀率从大到小依次为球墨铸铁、45#、35CrMo、42CrMo、WC,可将WC通过热喷涂工艺喷涂到球墨铸铁表面形成涂层来提高其抗冲蚀性;当冲蚀角小于45°时,45#材料表面的冲蚀破坏形态主要以犁沟为主,当冲蚀角大于45°时,冲蚀破坏形态主要以塑性变形为主;当冲蚀角较小时,WC材料的抗冲蚀性优异,材料表面存在细而浅的犁沟,当冲蚀角变大时,凹坑的数量、面积和深度也变大。研究结果对于压裂作业的正常进行具有重要意义。
Hydraulic blasting fracturing would cause severe erosion and wear on the ball seat of the sliding sleeve,resulting in failure of ball setting. To address the problem,the erosion wears of ball seat materials of 35CrMo,42CrMo,45#,ductile iron and WC were studied. The conclusion is as follows: the erosion rates of plastic materials have the same variation trend with the erosion angle,which shows the maximum erosion rate around the erosion angle of 30°. The erosion rate of WC coating increases with the erosion angle,and the maximum value appears at the erosion angle of 90°. When the mass fraction of sand slurry is small,the erosion rate increases with the mass fraction of sand slurry,and reaches the peak around mass fraction of 15%. But when the mass fraction continues to increase,the erosion rate of the material tends to be stable. Given the same experimental conditions and small erosion angle,the erosion rate rank of the five material samples,from high to low,is ductile iron,45#,35CrMo,42CrMo and WC. WC can be sprayed onto the surface of ductile iron by thermal spraying to form a coating to improve the erosion resistance of ductile iron. When the erosion angle is less than 45°,the erosion damage morphology of the surface of 45# material is mainly furrow. When the erosion angle is larger than 45°,the erosion damage is mainly plastic deformation. When the erosion angle is small,the WC material has an excellent erosion resistance with fine and shallow furrow on the surface. And the number,area and depth of pits would become larger with the erosion angle.
Hydraulic blasting fracturing would cause severe erosion and wear on the ball seat of the sliding sleeve,resulting in failure of ball setting. To address the problem,the erosion wears of ball seat materials of 35CrMo,42CrMo,45#,ductile iron and WC were studied. The conclusion is as follows: the erosion rates of plastic materials have the same variation trend with the erosion angle,which shows the maximum erosion rate around the erosion angle of 30°. The erosion rate of WC coating increases with the erosion angle,and the maximum value appears at the erosion angle of 90°. When the mass fraction of sand slurry is small,the erosion rate increases with the mass fraction of sand slurry,and reaches the peak around mass fraction of 15%. But when the mass fraction continues to increase,the erosion rate of the material tends to be stable. Given the same experimental conditions and small erosion angle,the erosion rate rank of the five material samples,from high to low,is ductile iron,45#,35CrMo,42CrMo and WC. WC can be sprayed onto the surface of ductile iron by thermal spraying to form a coating to improve the erosion resistance of ductile iron. When the erosion angle is less than 45°,the erosion damage morphology of the surface of 45# material is mainly furrow. When the erosion angle is larger than 45°,the erosion damage is mainly plastic deformation. When the erosion angle is small,the WC material has an excellent erosion resistance with fine and shallow furrow on the surface. And the number,area and depth of pits would become larger with the erosion angle.
引文
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[20]孟杏,樊建春,刘书杰,等.管汇材料35CrMo钢冲蚀磨损性能研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(11):25-28.MENG X,FAN J C,LIU S J,et al.Erosion-wear property of the 35CrMo steel for manifold pipe material[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(11):25-28.
[21]曹学文,彭文山,胥锟,等.双金属复合管内衬层液固两相流冲蚀机理[J].油气储运,2017,36(6):739-746.CAO X W,PENG W S,XU K,et al.Erosion mechanism of liquid-solid two-phase flow at inner liner of bimetallic composite tube[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(6):739-746.
[2]SHAW J.Benefits and application of a surface controlled sliding sleeve for frac applications[R].SPE147546-MS,2011.
[3]BAIHLY J D,AVILES I,JOHNSON J,et al.Sleeve activation sleeve activation in open-hole:a ball selection study[R].SPE 162657,2012.
[4]徐玉龙,程智远,刘志斌,等.水平井分段压裂投球滑套承压接触分析[J].石油机械,2012,40(8):93-96.XU Y L,CHENG Z Y,LIU Z B,et al.Pressure bearing and contact analysis of ball injection sliding sleeve in horizontal well staged fracturing[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2012,40(8):93-96.
[5]韩永亮,李世恒,刘志斌,等.水平井分段压裂可钻式投球滑套的研制与应用[J].石油机械,2012,40(12):21-24.HAN Y L,LI S H,LIU Z B,et al.Development and application of drillable dropping sleeve for horizontal staged fracture[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2012,40(12):21-24.
[6]张海燕,魏新芳,余金陵,等.水平井裸眼分段压裂完井关键工具研制[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(2):86-89.ZHANG H Y,WEI X F,YU J L,et al.Development of openhole staged fracturing key tools in horizontal well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(2):86-89.
[7]常云超.水平井分段压裂滑套球座表面处理优选[J].中国科技投资,2013(增刊2):60.CHANG Y C.Optimization of surface treatment of horizontal well segmented fracturing sleeves[J].China Venture Capital,2013(S2):60.
[8]董云龙,唐世忠,牛艳花,等.水平井套管固井滑套分段压裂完井存在问题及对策[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(1):28-30.DONG Y L,TANG S Z,NIU Y H,et al.Problems and measurements of sliding sleeve staged fracturing completion in casing cementing horizontal wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(1):28-30.
[9]王岩.新型可洗井封隔器密封元件结构设计及有限元分析[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2010.WANG Y.The structure design and FEM of a new pecker’s potted component[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2010.
[10]李洪春,蒲晓莉,贾长贵,等.水平井裸眼分段压裂工具设计要点分析[J].石油机械,2012,40(5):82-85.LI H C,PU X L,JIA C G,et al.Analysis of the design points for the horizontal-well open hole staged fracture tool[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2012,40(5):82-85.
[11]LIEBHARD M,LEVY A.The effect of erodent particle characteristics on the erosion of metals[J].Wear,1991,151(2):381-390.
[12]邵荷生.摩擦与磨损[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992.SHAO H S.Friction and wear[M].Beijing:Coal Industry Press,1992.
[13]FINNIE I.On the velocity dependence of the erosion of ductile metals by solid particles at low angles of incidence[J].Wear,1978(48):181-190.
[14]BITTER J G A.A study of erosion phenomena[J].Wear,1963,6(1):5-21.
[15]TILLY G P.A two stage mechanism of ductile erosion[J].Wear,1973,23(1):87-96.
[16]HUTCHINGS I M.A model for the erosion of metals by spherical particles at normal incidenc[J].Wear,1981(70):269-281.
[17]董刚,张九渊.固体粒子冲蚀磨损研究进展[J].材料科学与工程学报,2003,21(2):307-312.DONG G,ZHANG J Y.Developments of reserch on the solid particle erosion of materials[J].Journal of Materials Science&Engineering,2003,21(2):307-312.
[18]张继信,樊建春,詹先觉,等.水力压裂工况下42CrMo材料冲蚀磨损特性研究[J].石油机械,2012,40(4):100-103.ZHANG J X,FAN J C,ZHAN X J,et al.Research on the erosion wear characteristics of 42CrMo steel in hydraulic fracture conditions[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2012,40(4):100-103.
[19]姜心,张来斌,樊建春,等.冲蚀角度对40Cr Ni2Mo材料冲蚀磨损性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2012,37(6):24-26,45.JIANG X,ZHANG L B,FAN J C,et al.Effect of impact angle on erosive resistance of 40CrNi2Mo[J].Lubrication Engineering,2012,37(6):24-26,45.
[20]孟杏,樊建春,刘书杰,等.管汇材料35CrMo钢冲蚀磨损性能研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(11):25-28.MENG X,FAN J C,LIU S J,et al.Erosion-wear property of the 35CrMo steel for manifold pipe material[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(11):25-28.
[21]曹学文,彭文山,胥锟,等.双金属复合管内衬层液固两相流冲蚀机理[J].油气储运,2017,36(6):739-746.CAO X W,PENG W S,XU K,et al.Erosion mechanism of liquid-solid two-phase flow at inner liner of bimetallic composite tube[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(6):739-746.