高比例代乳粉对成年黔北麻羊瘤胃内环境及血浆生化指标的影响
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摘要
为研究高比例代乳粉对黔北麻羊瘤胃内环境及血浆生化指标的影响,拓展代乳粉的使用范围,试验采用单因素试验设计,选取体况良好,年龄、体重相接近[(33.05±2.18)kg]的黔北麻羊18只,随机分为3组:对照组、处理1组和处理2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊,对照组、处理1组、处理2组代乳粉水平分别为0%、5%、10%。试验持续35 d,包括分组适应观察期20 d,预饲期10 d和正式期5 d。检测指标包括瘤胃内环境pH、NH3-N浓度、纤维素酶活性(羧甲基纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶、木聚糖酶)和血浆生化指标总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、尿素氮(UN)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)。结果显示:(1)代乳粉不影响瘤胃pH、NH3-N浓度、羧甲基纤维素酶和纤维二糖酶活性(P>0.05),处理2组木聚糖酶活性显著高于对照组41.51%(P<0.05),与处理1组差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)代乳粉对山羊血浆Glu、TP、Alb、UN、CAT影响均不显著(P>0.05),处理1组、2组SOD显著高于对照组,分别较对照组高17.84%(P<0.05)、26.38%(P<0.05),处理1组GSH-Px显著高对照组19.09%(P<0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中添加5%和10%代乳粉均能改善成年黔北麻羊的瘤胃内环境,提高血浆抗氧化应激能力。但10%代乳粉未能进一步表现出有益作用。总体来看,生产中建议添加比例为5%。
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of high concentration of milk replacer on ruminalinternal environment and the plasma biochemical indices of adult goats.Eighteen healthy goats were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 goat per replicate in a single factor design according to their body weight and age.Goats in control group,treatment 1 and treatment 2 groups were fed of 3 diets differing in milk replacer addition level at 0%(basal diet),5% and 10%,respectively.The plasma biochemical indices of glucose(Glu),total protein(TP),albumin(Alb),urea nitrogen(UN),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT) and rumen fermentation parameters of pH,NH3-N concentration,cellulase activity(carboxymethyl cellulose,cellobiose,xylanase) were be measured at the end of experiment. The results showed that:(1) Milk replacer had no significant differencein rumen pH,NH3-N concentration,carboxymethyl cellulose and cellobiose activities between every group(P > 0.05).Thexylanase activity in treatment 2 group was the highest,which was 41.51% higher than control and had no significant difference with treatment 1 group(P < 0.05).(2) There was no significant difference in plasma Glu,UN,TP,Alb and CAT(P >0.05),nevertheless,the SOD level in treatment 1 and treatment 2 group were 17.84% and 26.38% higher than control group(P < 0.05),and GSH-Px level in treatment 1 was significantly increased than control group(P <0.05),and it increased by 19.09%(P < 0.05).In conclusion,the addition of 5% and 10% level milk replacer could improve ruminal environment and plasma antioxidant ability.But the 10% level milk replacer did not show any further beneficial effects. Overall,the addition of 5% level was recommended in practice.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of high concentration of milk replacer on ruminalinternal environment and the plasma biochemical indices of adult goats.Eighteen healthy goats were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 goat per replicate in a single factor design according to their body weight and age.Goats in control group,treatment 1 and treatment 2 groups were fed of 3 diets differing in milk replacer addition level at 0%(basal diet),5% and 10%,respectively.The plasma biochemical indices of glucose(Glu),total protein(TP),albumin(Alb),urea nitrogen(UN),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT) and rumen fermentation parameters of pH,NH3-N concentration,cellulase activity(carboxymethyl cellulose,cellobiose,xylanase) were be measured at the end of experiment. The results showed that:(1) Milk replacer had no significant differencein rumen pH,NH3-N concentration,carboxymethyl cellulose and cellobiose activities between every group(P > 0.05).Thexylanase activity in treatment 2 group was the highest,which was 41.51% higher than control and had no significant difference with treatment 1 group(P < 0.05).(2) There was no significant difference in plasma Glu,UN,TP,Alb and CAT(P >0.05),nevertheless,the SOD level in treatment 1 and treatment 2 group were 17.84% and 26.38% higher than control group(P < 0.05),and GSH-Px level in treatment 1 was significantly increased than control group(P <0.05),and it increased by 19.09%(P < 0.05).In conclusion,the addition of 5% and 10% level milk replacer could improve ruminal environment and plasma antioxidant ability.But the 10% level milk replacer did not show any further beneficial effects. Overall,the addition of 5% level was recommended in practice.
引文
[1]曹少奇,陈焱森,赵宗胜,等.早期断奶对舍饲哈萨克羔羊生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2016,48(9):62~67.
[2]费水英.不同比例植物蛋白代乳粉对早期断奶犊牛免疫指标的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(6):77~81.
[3]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1993,4:40~41.
[4]韩娥,吴文旋,吴佳海,等.代乳粉对成年黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵及血浆生化指标的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(10):2104~2110.
[5]黄开武,屠焰,司丙文,等.代乳品蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛营养物质消化和瘤胃发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(12):3940~3950.
[6]姜旭明,刘智利,刘德生,等.不同蛋白质来源的日粮对瘤胃发酵特性及蛋白质消化的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(1):74~80.
[7]李凤鸣,雒秋江,牛越峰,等.不同代乳条件下1~35日龄羔羊瘤胃及其微生物群落的发育[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(5):1567~1576.
[8]刘彩娟,孙满吉,孙金艳,等.饲粮中添加复合益生菌对奶牛瘤胃发酵及纤维素酶活的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(5):821~827.
[9]刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.饲粮不同NFC/NDF对肉用绵羊瘤胃p H、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(6):1069~1077.
[10]马俊南,刁其玉,齐志国,等.不同固液比例饲喂模式对断奶前后犊牛营养物质代谢及瘤胃发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):1930~1939.
[11]单俊娟,王军,陶大勇.代乳料对不同日龄断奶羔羊生长指标的影响[J].新疆农垦科技,2017,40(5):24~25.
[12]单俊娟.早期断奶对羔羊生长对羔羊腹泻及母羊繁殖性能影响的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].新疆:塔里木大学,2017.
[13]田兴舟,肖玉贵,李明忠,等.代乳粉对黔北麻羊断奶羔羊生长性能和血浆生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2928~2939.
[14]王波,柴建民,王海超,等.蛋白水平对早期断奶双胞胎湖羊公羔营养物质消化与血清指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(6):1170~1179.
[15]王加启.反刍动物营养学研究方法[M].北京:现代教育出版社,2011.
[16]王蕾,王加启,卜登攀,等.奶牛日粮添加共轭亚油酸和二十二碳六烯酸对瘤胃纤维素酶活性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(4):65~68.
[17]杨璐玲,吕永艳,张杰杰,等.啤酒糟对瘤胃发酵参数及纤维素酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2414~2421.
[18]张彩英,胡国良,曹华斌.反刍动物瘤胃内环境的特点及调控措施[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(4):18~20.
[19]Bürger P J,Pereira J C,Fernando C D S J,et al.Ruminal fermentation and microbial efficiency in Holstein calves fed diets with different concentrate levels[J].Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia,2000,29(1):215~224.
[20]Clark J H,Klusmeyer T H,Cameron M R.Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fraction to the duodenum of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(8):2304~2323.
[21]de Paula M R,Oltramari C E,Silva J T,et al.Intensive liquid feeding of dairy calves with a medium crude protein milk replacer:Effects on performance,rumen,and blood parameters.[J].Journal o Dairy Science,2017.
[22]Gharehbash A M,Ghoorchi T,Hassani S,et al.Effects of ewe milk,milk replacer and three starter diets on microbial protein syn thesis,rumen fermentation,blood and urinary metabolites in Dalagh breed suckling lambs.[J].Journal of Science&Technology of Agriculture&Natural Resources,2009,13(47):461~470.
[23]Silper B F,Lana A M Q,Carvalho A U,et al.Effects of milk re placer feeding strategies on performance,ruminal development,and metabolism of dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(2):1016.
[24]Soberson M A,Liu R H,Cherney D J R.Short communication:Antioxidant activity of calf milk replacers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(5):2703~2706.
[2]费水英.不同比例植物蛋白代乳粉对早期断奶犊牛免疫指标的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(6):77~81.
[3]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1993,4:40~41.
[4]韩娥,吴文旋,吴佳海,等.代乳粉对成年黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵及血浆生化指标的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(10):2104~2110.
[5]黄开武,屠焰,司丙文,等.代乳品蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛营养物质消化和瘤胃发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(12):3940~3950.
[6]姜旭明,刘智利,刘德生,等.不同蛋白质来源的日粮对瘤胃发酵特性及蛋白质消化的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(1):74~80.
[7]李凤鸣,雒秋江,牛越峰,等.不同代乳条件下1~35日龄羔羊瘤胃及其微生物群落的发育[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(5):1567~1576.
[8]刘彩娟,孙满吉,孙金艳,等.饲粮中添加复合益生菌对奶牛瘤胃发酵及纤维素酶活的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(5):821~827.
[9]刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.饲粮不同NFC/NDF对肉用绵羊瘤胃p H、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(6):1069~1077.
[10]马俊南,刁其玉,齐志国,等.不同固液比例饲喂模式对断奶前后犊牛营养物质代谢及瘤胃发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):1930~1939.
[11]单俊娟,王军,陶大勇.代乳料对不同日龄断奶羔羊生长指标的影响[J].新疆农垦科技,2017,40(5):24~25.
[12]单俊娟.早期断奶对羔羊生长对羔羊腹泻及母羊繁殖性能影响的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].新疆:塔里木大学,2017.
[13]田兴舟,肖玉贵,李明忠,等.代乳粉对黔北麻羊断奶羔羊生长性能和血浆生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2928~2939.
[14]王波,柴建民,王海超,等.蛋白水平对早期断奶双胞胎湖羊公羔营养物质消化与血清指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(6):1170~1179.
[15]王加启.反刍动物营养学研究方法[M].北京:现代教育出版社,2011.
[16]王蕾,王加启,卜登攀,等.奶牛日粮添加共轭亚油酸和二十二碳六烯酸对瘤胃纤维素酶活性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(4):65~68.
[17]杨璐玲,吕永艳,张杰杰,等.啤酒糟对瘤胃发酵参数及纤维素酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2414~2421.
[18]张彩英,胡国良,曹华斌.反刍动物瘤胃内环境的特点及调控措施[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(4):18~20.
[19]Bürger P J,Pereira J C,Fernando C D S J,et al.Ruminal fermentation and microbial efficiency in Holstein calves fed diets with different concentrate levels[J].Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia,2000,29(1):215~224.
[20]Clark J H,Klusmeyer T H,Cameron M R.Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fraction to the duodenum of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(8):2304~2323.
[21]de Paula M R,Oltramari C E,Silva J T,et al.Intensive liquid feeding of dairy calves with a medium crude protein milk replacer:Effects on performance,rumen,and blood parameters.[J].Journal o Dairy Science,2017.
[22]Gharehbash A M,Ghoorchi T,Hassani S,et al.Effects of ewe milk,milk replacer and three starter diets on microbial protein syn thesis,rumen fermentation,blood and urinary metabolites in Dalagh breed suckling lambs.[J].Journal of Science&Technology of Agriculture&Natural Resources,2009,13(47):461~470.
[23]Silper B F,Lana A M Q,Carvalho A U,et al.Effects of milk re placer feeding strategies on performance,ruminal development,and metabolism of dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(2):1016.
[24]Soberson M A,Liu R H,Cherney D J R.Short communication:Antioxidant activity of calf milk replacers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(5):2703~2706.
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