基于STATCOM和Crowbar的双馈风电场低电压穿越控制
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摘要
针对保障双馈风电机组在因电网故障引起的电压跌落时不离网运行的问题,通过分析双馈感应发电机的结构与电网电压跌落时双馈风电机组的暂态数学模型,提出了应用静止同步补偿器(Static-Synchronous-Compensator,STATCOM)与撬棒(Crowbar)保护电路结合的方案来改善双馈风电机组低压穿越能力。在Matlab/Simulink平台搭建了双馈感应发电机的低压穿越仿真模型,结果表明:STATCOM可以在电网故障时发出无功功率维持电网电压稳定;Crowbar保护电路可以在电网故障时抑制转子侧过电流。应用STATCOM与Crowbar保护电路可以在电网电压跌落时,提高双馈风电场的低压穿越能力。
In order to keep the doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) from running off the grid due to the voltage drop caused by power grid failure, a scheme is proposed to improve the low voltage riding through ability of doubly-fed wind turbines by combining static-synchronous-compensator(STATCOM) with Crowbar protection circuit. The structure of doubly-fed induction generator and the transient mathematical model of doubly-fed wind turbines is analyzed in detail. Simulating results show that STATCOM can provide reactive power to maintain the grid voltage stability in the event of a power grid failure; the Crowbar protection circuit can suppress the rotor side during grid faults. The use of STATCOM and Crowbar protection circuits can improve the low-voltage riding through capability of a doubly-fed wind farm when the grid voltage drops.
In order to keep the doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) from running off the grid due to the voltage drop caused by power grid failure, a scheme is proposed to improve the low voltage riding through ability of doubly-fed wind turbines by combining static-synchronous-compensator(STATCOM) with Crowbar protection circuit. The structure of doubly-fed induction generator and the transient mathematical model of doubly-fed wind turbines is analyzed in detail. Simulating results show that STATCOM can provide reactive power to maintain the grid voltage stability in the event of a power grid failure; the Crowbar protection circuit can suppress the rotor side during grid faults. The use of STATCOM and Crowbar protection circuits can improve the low-voltage riding through capability of a doubly-fed wind farm when the grid voltage drops.
引文
[1]郑重,杨耕,耿华.配置STATCOM的DFIG风电场在不对称电网故障下的控制策略 [J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):27-38.
[2]周志宇,郭钰锋.基于Crowbar电路的双馈风电机组低电压穿越能力 [J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2013,45(4):122-128.
[3]张建忠,熊良根,杭俊,等.DFIG风电机组串联耦合补偿低压穿越研究 [J].电网技术,2014,38(1):67-73.
[4]吴方劼,张文豪,柯联锦.应用STATCOM与Crowbar提高风电场低电压穿越能力 [J].电测与仪表,2014,51(7):33-38.
[5]中国电力工程顾问集团公司.风电并网技术标准 [S].北京:国家能源局,2009.
[6]王艾萌,舒思婉.基于联合仿真的双馈风力发电机三相对称故障下暂态特性的分析 [J].华北电力大学学报 (自然科学版),2015,42(6):50-56.
[7]黄弘扬,王波,黄晓明,等.基于双馈风电机组的分布式动态无功支撑系统 [J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(24):140-147.
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[10]VRIONIS T D,KOUTIVA X I,VOVOS N A.A genetic algorithm-based low voltage ride-through control strategy for grid connected doubly fed induction wind generators [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(3):1325-1334.
[11]李俊杰,蒋昆,刘国平,等.采用串联网侧变换器的双馈风电系统高电压穿越控制策略 [J].电网技术,2014,38(11):3037-3044.
[12]张锋,晁勤.STATCOM改善风电场暂态电压稳定性的研究 [J].电网技术,2008,32(9):70-73.
[13]付鹏武,朱锴,欧阳惠,等.STATCOM在双馈风电场低电压穿越中的应用研究 [J].湖南电力,2014,34(4):12-16.
[14]汪春莉,徐玉琴,王磊,等.运用STATCOM解决风电场LVRT问题的控制措施研究 [J].可再生能源,2015,33(4):551-557.
[15]薛尚青,蔡金锭,刘丽军.静止同步补偿器与双馈风电场的无功电压协调控制 [J].电工电能新技术,2013,32(2):24-27.
[16]陈建军,任永峰,李含善,等.转子侧采用直接功率控制的双馈风力发电系统 [J].可再生能源,2010,28(6):26-30.
[17]童建东,张新宇,白宪庆,等.双馈风力发电机组网侧变换器电压空间矢量电流滞环控制 [J].中国电力,2007(7):87-91.
[18]王增平,李菁,郑涛,等.不同撬棒保护投入时刻下双馈风电机组短路电流计算分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(5):109-117.
[19]徐玉琴,曹璐璐.双馈感应发电机暂态特性分析及Crowbar阻值优化 [J].电工技术学报,2017,32(4):93-100.
[20]MOLINAS M,SUUL J A,UNDELAND T.A simple method for analytical evaluation of LVRT in wind energy for induction generators with STATCOM or SVC [C].European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.Aalborg:IEEE Xplore,2007:1-10.
[21]ALEPUZ S,BUSQUETS-MONGE S,BORDONAU J,et al.Predictive current control of grid-connected neutral-point-clamped converters to meet low voltage ride-through requirements [C].Power Electronics Specialists Conference.IEEE Xplore,2008,62(3):2423-2428.
[22]任永峰,胡宏彬,王蕴敏,等.基于RTDS的双馈式风电机组低电压穿越策略 [J].太阳能学报,2014,35(11):2271-2278.
[23]杨淑英,周天保,谢震,等.计及转子电流控制动态的双馈电机电磁暂态过程解析研究 [J].太阳能学报,2017,38(8):2136-2144.
[2]周志宇,郭钰锋.基于Crowbar电路的双馈风电机组低电压穿越能力 [J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2013,45(4):122-128.
[3]张建忠,熊良根,杭俊,等.DFIG风电机组串联耦合补偿低压穿越研究 [J].电网技术,2014,38(1):67-73.
[4]吴方劼,张文豪,柯联锦.应用STATCOM与Crowbar提高风电场低电压穿越能力 [J].电测与仪表,2014,51(7):33-38.
[5]中国电力工程顾问集团公司.风电并网技术标准 [S].北京:国家能源局,2009.
[6]王艾萌,舒思婉.基于联合仿真的双馈风力发电机三相对称故障下暂态特性的分析 [J].华北电力大学学报 (自然科学版),2015,42(6):50-56.
[7]黄弘扬,王波,黄晓明,等.基于双馈风电机组的分布式动态无功支撑系统 [J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(24):140-147.
[8]HAIDAR A M,MUTTAQI K M,HAGH M T.A coordinated control approach for DC link and rotor crowbars to improve fault ride-through of DFIG-Based wind turbine [J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(4):4073-4086.
[9]NADERI S B,NEGNEVITSKY M,JALILIAN A,et al.Optimum resistive type fault current limiter:an efficient solution to achieve maximum fault ride-through capability of fixed-speed wind turbines during symmetrical and asymmetrical grid faults [J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(1):538-548.
[10]VRIONIS T D,KOUTIVA X I,VOVOS N A.A genetic algorithm-based low voltage ride-through control strategy for grid connected doubly fed induction wind generators [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(3):1325-1334.
[11]李俊杰,蒋昆,刘国平,等.采用串联网侧变换器的双馈风电系统高电压穿越控制策略 [J].电网技术,2014,38(11):3037-3044.
[12]张锋,晁勤.STATCOM改善风电场暂态电压稳定性的研究 [J].电网技术,2008,32(9):70-73.
[13]付鹏武,朱锴,欧阳惠,等.STATCOM在双馈风电场低电压穿越中的应用研究 [J].湖南电力,2014,34(4):12-16.
[14]汪春莉,徐玉琴,王磊,等.运用STATCOM解决风电场LVRT问题的控制措施研究 [J].可再生能源,2015,33(4):551-557.
[15]薛尚青,蔡金锭,刘丽军.静止同步补偿器与双馈风电场的无功电压协调控制 [J].电工电能新技术,2013,32(2):24-27.
[16]陈建军,任永峰,李含善,等.转子侧采用直接功率控制的双馈风力发电系统 [J].可再生能源,2010,28(6):26-30.
[17]童建东,张新宇,白宪庆,等.双馈风力发电机组网侧变换器电压空间矢量电流滞环控制 [J].中国电力,2007(7):87-91.
[18]王增平,李菁,郑涛,等.不同撬棒保护投入时刻下双馈风电机组短路电流计算分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(5):109-117.
[19]徐玉琴,曹璐璐.双馈感应发电机暂态特性分析及Crowbar阻值优化 [J].电工技术学报,2017,32(4):93-100.
[20]MOLINAS M,SUUL J A,UNDELAND T.A simple method for analytical evaluation of LVRT in wind energy for induction generators with STATCOM or SVC [C].European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.Aalborg:IEEE Xplore,2007:1-10.
[21]ALEPUZ S,BUSQUETS-MONGE S,BORDONAU J,et al.Predictive current control of grid-connected neutral-point-clamped converters to meet low voltage ride-through requirements [C].Power Electronics Specialists Conference.IEEE Xplore,2008,62(3):2423-2428.
[22]任永峰,胡宏彬,王蕴敏,等.基于RTDS的双馈式风电机组低电压穿越策略 [J].太阳能学报,2014,35(11):2271-2278.
[23]杨淑英,周天保,谢震,等.计及转子电流控制动态的双馈电机电磁暂态过程解析研究 [J].太阳能学报,2017,38(8):2136-2144.
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