高原切变线的客观识别与时空分布的统计分析
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摘要
本文利用计算机客观识别技术,稳定地识别出高原切变线并分析了高原切变线的气候特征。通过对比三套常用的高分辨率再分析资料(ERA-Interim、NCEP CFSR和JRA-55)在高原地区中低层大气的适用性,筛选出与高原地区500 h Pa风场较为吻合的NCEP CFSR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast SystemReanalysis)再分析资料作为基础数据,根据人工判识切变线的基本标准与计算机几何学知识,定义了高原切变线的客观识别标准。对客观识别出的2005～2015年高原切变线与《青藏高原低涡切变线年鉴》中的结果进行对比分析与验证,并在此基础上统计分析了近11年高原切变线的气候特征。高原切变线年均生成49.4条,其中东部型切变线年均38条,是高原切变线的基本型;高原切变线维持时间多为6 h;切变线两侧的水平散度、垂直涡度和总变形三个物理量的大值区均出现在94°～95°E。客观识别高原切变线的方法可以较为高效地识别高原切变线,为高原切变线研究提供了新的途径。
This study aims to objectively and efficiently identify the TPSL(Tibetan Plateau shear line) and analyze the climatic characteristics of the TPSL. Based on comparison of the applicability of three high resolution reanalysis datasets(ERA-Interim, NCEP CFSR, and JRA-55) commonly used in the Tibetan Plateau area, the CFSR reanalysis dataset is selected as the basic dataset. According to the basic standard for manual identification of shear line and knowledge of computer geometry, an objective identification standard for TPSL is determined. The objectively identified TPSLs during 2005–2015 are compared with the TPSLs shown in the Tibetan Plateau Vortex and Shear Line Yearbook. On the basis of the comparison and verification, climatic characteristics of the TPSL in the recent 11 years are statistically analyzed. The annual average number of TPSLs is 49.4, among which 38 are eastern-type, which is also the basic type of TPSL. Themaintenance time of the TPSL is 6 h usually. Areas of large total deformation, vertical vorticity, and horizontal divergence all are located between 94°–95°E. The objective TPSL identification method can efficiently identify the TPSL, and provides a new way to study the TPSL.
This study aims to objectively and efficiently identify the TPSL(Tibetan Plateau shear line) and analyze the climatic characteristics of the TPSL. Based on comparison of the applicability of three high resolution reanalysis datasets(ERA-Interim, NCEP CFSR, and JRA-55) commonly used in the Tibetan Plateau area, the CFSR reanalysis dataset is selected as the basic dataset. According to the basic standard for manual identification of shear line and knowledge of computer geometry, an objective identification standard for TPSL is determined. The objectively identified TPSLs during 2005–2015 are compared with the TPSLs shown in the Tibetan Plateau Vortex and Shear Line Yearbook. On the basis of the comparison and verification, climatic characteristics of the TPSL in the recent 11 years are statistically analyzed. The annual average number of TPSLs is 49.4, among which 38 are eastern-type, which is also the basic type of TPSL. Themaintenance time of the TPSL is 6 h usually. Areas of large total deformation, vertical vorticity, and horizontal divergence all are located between 94°–95°E. The objective TPSL identification method can efficiently identify the TPSL, and provides a new way to study the TPSL.
引文
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林志强.2015南支槽的客观识别方法及其气候特征[J].高原气象,34(3):684-689.Lin Zhiqiang.2015.Objective identify method and climatic characteristics of southern branch trough[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),34(3):684-689,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00016.
林志强,周振波,假拉.2013.高原低涡客观识别方法及其初步应用[J].高原气象,32(6):1580-1588.Lin Zhiqiang,Zhou Zhenbo,Jia La.2013.Objective identifying method of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau vortex using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),32(6):1580-1588,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00153.
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宋丽莉,吴战平,秦鹏,等.2009.复杂山地近地层强风特性分析[J].气象学报,67(3):452-460.Song Lili,Wu Zhanping,Qin Peng,et al.2009.An analysis of the characteristics of strong winds in the surface layer over a complex terrain[J].Acta Meterologica Sinica(in Chinese),67(3):452-460,doi:10.11676/qxxb2009.045.
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高守亭.2007.大气中尺度运动的动力学基础及预报方法[M].北京:气象出版社,169-176.Gao Shouting.2007.Dynamical Foundation and Prediction Methods of Mesoscale Motions in Atmosphere(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,169-176.
高守亭,冉令坤,李小凡.2015.大气中尺度动力学基础及暴雨动力预报方法[M].气象出版社,78-81.Gao Shouting,Ran Lingkun,Li Xiaofan.2015.Dynamical Foundation of Mesoscale Motions in Atmosphere and Dynamical Prediction Methods of Rainstorm(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,78-81.
何光碧,高文良,屠妮妮.2009.2000~2007年夏季青藏高原低涡切变线观测事实分析[J].高原气象,28(3):549-555.He Guangbi,Gao Wenliang,Tu Nini.2009.The observational analysis of shear line and low vortex over the Tibetan Plateau in summer from 2000 to 2007[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),28(3):549-555.
何光碧,师锐.2014.三次高原切变线过程演变特征及其对降水的影响[J].高原气象,33(3):615-625.He Guangbi,Shi Rui.2014.Analysis on evolution characteristics of three Plateau shearlines and their effect on precipitation[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),33(3):615-625,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00023.
李国平,赵福虎,黄楚惠,等.2014.基于NCEP资料的近30年夏季青藏高原低涡的气候特征[J].大气科学,38(4):756-769.Li Guoping,Zhao Fuhu,Huang Chuhui,et al.2014.Analysis of 30-year climatology of the Tibetan Plateau vortex in summer with NCEP reanalysis data[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),38(4):756-769,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2013.13235.
李山山,李国平,2017a.一次鞍型场环流背景下高原东部切变线降水的湿Q矢量诊断分析[J].高原气象,36(2):317-329.Li Shanshan,Li Guoping,2017a.Diagnostic analysis based on wet Q-vector of a shear line with rain on the east side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau under the saddle pattern circulation background field[J].Plateau Meteor,36(2):317-329,dio:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00025
李山山,李国平.2017b.一次高原低涡与高原切变线演变过程与机理分析[J].大气科学,41(4):713-726.Li Shanshan,Li Guoping.2017b.Evolution and mechanism analysis of a plateau vortex and plateau shear line[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),41(4):713-726,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1611.16179.
Lin Zhiqiang.2015.Analysis of Tibetan Plateau vortex activities using ERA-Interim data for the period 1979-2013[J].J.Meteor.Res.,29(5):720-734,doi:10.1007/s13351-015-4273-x.
林志强.2015南支槽的客观识别方法及其气候特征[J].高原气象,34(3):684-689.Lin Zhiqiang.2015.Objective identify method and climatic characteristics of southern branch trough[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),34(3):684-689,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00016.
林志强,周振波,假拉.2013.高原低涡客观识别方法及其初步应用[J].高原气象,32(6):1580-1588.Lin Zhiqiang,Zhou Zhenbo,Jia La.2013.Objective identifying method of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau vortex using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),32(6):1580-1588,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00153.
刘小红,洪钟祥.1996.北京地区一次特大强风过程边界层结构的研究[J].大气科学,20(2):223-228.Liu Xiaohong,Hong Zhongxiang.1996.A study of the structure of a strong wind event in the atmospheric boundary layer in Beijing area[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(Scientia Atmospherica Sinica)(in Chinese),20(2):223-228,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1996.02.12.
马嘉理,姚秀萍.2015.1981~2013年6~7月江淮地区切变线及暴雨统计分析[J].气象学报,73(5):883-894.Ma Jiali,Yao Xiuping.2015.Statistical analysis of the shear lines and torrential rains over the Yangtze-Huaihe River region during June-July in 1981-2013[J].Acta Meterologica Sinica(in Chinese),73(5):883-894,doi:10.11676/qxxb2015.065.R
彭广,李跃清,郁淑华.等.2005-2015.青藏高原低涡、切变线年鉴[M].北京:科学出版社.Peng Guang,Li Yueqing,Yu Shuhua,et al.2005-2015.The Tibetan Plateau Vortex and Shear Line Yearbook(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press.
青藏高原气象科学研究拉萨会战组.1981.夏半年青藏高原500毫巴低涡切变线的研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1-122.Lhasa Group of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology Research.1981.Research of 500 mb Vortex and Shear Lines Over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1-122.
师锐,何光碧.2011.移出与未移出高原的高原切变线背景环流对比分析[J].高原气象,30(6):1453-1461.Shi Rui,He Guangbi.2011.Contrast analysis on background circulation of plateau shear line moving out and not moving out of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),30(6):1453-1461.
宋丽莉,吴战平,秦鹏,等.2009.复杂山地近地层强风特性分析[J].气象学报,67(3):452-460.Song Lili,Wu Zhanping,Qin Peng,et al.2009.An analysis of the characteristics of strong winds in the surface layer over a complex terrain[J].Acta Meterologica Sinica(in Chinese),67(3):452-460,doi:10.11676/qxxb2009.045.
杨成芳,阎丽凤,周雪松.2012.利用加密探测资料分析冷式切变线类大暴雨的动力结构[J].气象,38(7):819-827.Yang Chengfang,Yan Lifeng,Zhou Xuesong.2012.Analysis on dynamic structure of cold wind shear heavy rainstorm by intensified observational data[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),38(7):819-827.
杨伟愚,叶笃正,吴国雄.1992.夏季青藏高原热力场和环流场的诊断分析.III:环流场稳定维持的物理机制[J].大气科学,16(4):409-426.Yang Weiyu,Ye Duzheng,Wu Guoxiong.1992.The influence of the Tibetan Plateau on the summer thermal and circulation fields over East Asia.III:Physical mechanisms of maintaining the stable circulation fields[J].Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(Scientia Atmospherica Sinica)(in Chinese),16(4):409-426,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1992.04.04.
姚秀萍,孙建元,康岚,等.2014.高原切变线研究的若干进展[J].高原气象,33(1):294-300.Yao Xiuping,Sun Jianyuan,Kang Lan,et al.2014.Advances on research of shear convergence line over QinghaiXizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),33(1):294-300,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00164.
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