运用理论格林函数模拟新疆阿克陶6.7级地震强地面运动
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摘要
运用QSGRN/QSCMP理论地震图计算与合成方法,根据震源机制解设定断层几何参数,模拟了2016年11月25日阿克陶6.7级地震周边区域加速度记录,经场地条件校正绘制了地震峰值加速度分布图。通过对2个强震台观测波形数据与模拟加速度波形数据在时间域和频率域进行对比分析,验证了两者振幅数量级相当、频谱特征一致性较强。同时,提取了实际调查点坐标所对应的模拟峰值加速度,并与实际调查点烈度进行对比,发现两者具有较好的对应关系。文中尝试提供1种震后快速产出峰值加速度分布情况的方法,为监测台站稀少、地形复杂、难以快速开展现场地震灾害调查的地区提供地震影响场范围估计,为地震灾害快速评估与应急决策等工作提供辅助资料。
Aketao M6. 7 earthquake on November 25,2016 occurred in Aketao Country,Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Autonomous Region. In this paper, according to the focal mechanism solution, the geometrical parameters of the fault are used as input to simulate the acceleration records of the surrounding area of Aketao M6. 7 earthquake on November 25,2016 with the QSGRN/QSCMP program. The peak ground acceleration distribution is plotted by extracted peak ground accelerations and site condition correction. Comparison is carried out between the observed waveforms and the simulated waveforms in the time domain and the frequency domain of two strong motion stations. It is verified that the amplitudes of simulated and observed data are equal in magnitude, their calculated residuals are smaller in low frequency range and the spectral characteristics of simulated and observed data are consistent. Furthermore,the simulated peak ground acceleration corresponding to the coordinates of the actual survey points is extracted and compared with the survey spot intensity,and both have good correspondence. This paper attempts to provide a method for rapid output of peak ground acceleration distribution after an earthquake,so as to provide a method for estimating the seismic impact field in areas where the monitoring station is scarce,the topography is complex or it is difficult to implement the rapid earthquake disaster investigation. And it also provides supporting information for rapid assessment of earthquake disaster and emergency decision-making.
Aketao M6. 7 earthquake on November 25,2016 occurred in Aketao Country,Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Autonomous Region. In this paper, according to the focal mechanism solution, the geometrical parameters of the fault are used as input to simulate the acceleration records of the surrounding area of Aketao M6. 7 earthquake on November 25,2016 with the QSGRN/QSCMP program. The peak ground acceleration distribution is plotted by extracted peak ground accelerations and site condition correction. Comparison is carried out between the observed waveforms and the simulated waveforms in the time domain and the frequency domain of two strong motion stations. It is verified that the amplitudes of simulated and observed data are equal in magnitude, their calculated residuals are smaller in low frequency range and the spectral characteristics of simulated and observed data are consistent. Furthermore,the simulated peak ground acceleration corresponding to the coordinates of the actual survey points is extracted and compared with the survey spot intensity,and both have good correspondence. This paper attempts to provide a method for rapid output of peak ground acceleration distribution after an earthquake,so as to provide a method for estimating the seismic impact field in areas where the monitoring station is scarce,the topography is complex or it is difficult to implement the rapid earthquake disaster investigation. And it also provides supporting information for rapid assessment of earthquake disaster and emergency decision-making.
引文
常莹,周红,俞言祥.2012.汶川地震强地面运动模拟[J].地震学报,34(2):224-234.
CHANG Ying,ZHOU Hong,YU Yan-xiang.2012.Strong ground-motion simulation of the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,34(2):224-234(in Chinese).
陈杰,李涛,孙建宝,等.2016.2016年11月25日新疆阿克陶MW6.6地震发震构造与地表破裂[J].地震地质,38(4):1160-1174.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.04.028.
CHEN Jie,LI Tao,SUN Jian-bao,et al.2016.Coseismic surface ruptures and seismogenic Muji Fault of the 25November 2016 Arketao MW6.6 earthquake in northern Pamir[J].Seismology and Geology,38(4):1160-1174(in Chinese).
雷建设,周蕙兰,赵大鹏.2002.帕米尔及邻区地壳上地幔P波三维速度结构的研究[J].地球物理学报,45(6):802-811.
LEI Jian-she,ZHOU Hui-lan,ZHAO Da-peng.2002.3-D velocity structure of P-wave in the crust and upper-mantle beneath Pamir and adjacent region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,45(6):802-811(in Chinese).
李启成.2010.经验格林函数方法模拟地震动研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所。
LI Qi-cheng.2010.Research on ground motion simulation with empirical Green's function method[D].Institute ofEngineering Mechanics,CEA,Harbin(in Chinese).
李启成,孙颖川,闫晓丹.2016.用格林函数方法模拟卢龙地震[J].地球物理学进展,31(5):1947-1952.doi:10.6038/pg20160508.
LI Qi-cheng,SUN Ying-chuan,YAN Xiao-dan.2016.Using Green's function to simulate Lulong earthquake[J].Progress in Geophysics,31(5):1947-1952(in Chinese).
孟令媛,周龙泉,刘杰.2014a.2013年四川芦山MS7.0地震近断层强地面运动模拟及烈度分布估计[J].地球物理学报,57(2):441-448.doi:10.6038/cjg20140210.
MENG Ling-yuan,ZHOU Long-quan,LIU Jie.2014a.Estimation of the near-fault strong ground motion and intensity distribution of the 2013 Lushan,Sichuan,MS7.0 earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(2):441-448(in Chinese).
孟令媛,周龙泉,刘杰.2014b.2014年新疆于田MS7.3地震近断层强地面运动模拟及烈度分布估计[J].地震学报,36(3):362-371.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-3782.2014.03.003.
MENG Ling-yuan,ZHOU Long-quan,LIU Jie.2014b.Estimation of the near-fault strong ground motion and intensity distribution of the 2014 Yutian,Xinjiang,MS7.3 earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,36(3):362-371(in Chinese).
王海云.2010.2010年4月14日玉树MS7.1地震加速度场预测[J].地球物理学报,53(10):2345-2354.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.10.008.
WANG Hai-yun.2010.Prediction of acceleration field of the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(10):2345-2354(in Chinese).
胥颐,刘建华,刘福田,等.2006.天山-帕米尔结合带的地壳速度结构及地震活动研究[J].地球物理学报,49(2):469-476.
XU Yi,LIU Jian-hua,LIU Fu-tian,et al.2006.Crustal velocity structure and seismic activity in the Tianshan-Pamir conjunctive zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,49(2):469-476(in Chinese).
药晓东,章文波.2015b.2013年四川芦山MS7.0地震强地面运动模拟[J].地震学报,37(4):599-616.doi:10.11939/jass.2015.04.007.
YAO Xiao-dong,ZHANG Wen-bo.2015b.Strong ground motion simulation for the 2013 MS7.0 Lushan,China,earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,37(4):599-616(in Chinese).
药晓东,章文波,于湘伟.2015a.2008年汶川8.0级大地震近场强地面运动的模拟[J].地球物理学报,58(3):886-903.doi:10.6038/cjg20150317.
YAO Xiao-dong,ZHANG Wen-bo,YU Xiang-wei.2015a.Simulation of near-field strong ground motion caused by the2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(3):886-903(in Chinese).
张先康,赵金仁,张成科,等.2002.帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究[J].地球物理学报,45(5):665-671.
ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHAO Jin-ren,ZHANG Cheng-ke,et al.2002.Crustal structure at the northeast side of the Pamirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,45(5):665-671(in Chinese).
张旭,严川,许力生,等.2017.2016年阿克陶MS6.7地震震源复杂性与烈度[J].地球物理学报,60(4):1411-1422.doi:10.6038/cjg20170415.
ZHANG Xu,YAN Chuan,XU Li-sheng,et al.2017.Source complexity of the 2016 Aketao MS6.7 earthquake and its intensity[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,60(4):1411-1422(in Chinese).
张有兵,章文波.2010.用经验格林函数法模拟2008年日本岩手-宫城地震的强地面运动[J].地震学报,32(3):320-331.
ZHANG You-bing,ZHANG Wen-bo.2010.Strong ground motion simulation of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi,Japan,earthquake using empirical Green's function method[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,32(3):320-331(inChinese).
张振国,孙耀充,徐建宽,等.2014a.2014年8月3日云南鲁甸地震强地面运动初步模拟及烈度预测[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3038-3041.doi:10.6038/cjg20140928.
ZHANG Zhen-guo,SUN Yao-chong,XU Jian-kuan,et al.2014b.Preliminary simulation of strong ground motion for Ludian,Yunnan earthquake of 3 Auguest 2014,and hazard implication[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(9):3038-3041(in Chinese).
张振国,张伟,孙耀充,等.2014b.2014年2月12日新疆于田地震强地面运动初步模拟及烈度预测[J].地球物理学报,57(2):685-689.doi:10.6038/cjg20140232.
ZHANG Zhen-guo,ZHANG Wei,SUN Yao-chong,et al.2014a.Preliminary simulation of strong ground motion for Yutian,Xinjiang earthquake of 12 February 2014,and hazard implication[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(2):685-689(in Chinese).
赵志新,赵昭,徐纪人,等.2006.用数值模拟格林函数方法合成近源地面运动地震图[J].科学通报,51(18):2181-2188.
ZHAO Zhi-xin,ZHAO Zhao,XU Ji-ren,et al.2006.Synthetic seismograms of near source ground motion by numerical simulation of Green's function[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,51(18):2181-2188(in Chinese).
Allen T I,Wald D J.2009.On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions(Vs30)[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,99(2A):935-943.
Boore D M.1983.Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,73(6A):1865-1894.
Chen X F.1999.Seismogram synthesis in multi-layered half-space Part I.Theoretical formulations[J].Earthquake Research in China,13(2):149-174.
Hartzell S H.1978.Earthquake aftershocks as Green's functions[J].Geophysical Research Letters,5(1):1-4.
Motazedian D,Atkinson G M.2005.Stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,95(3):995-1010.
Wald D J,Allen T I.2007.Topographic slope as a proxy for seismic site conditions and amplification[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,97(5):1379-1395.
Wang R.1999.A simple orthonormalization method for stable and efficient computation of Green's functions[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,89(3):733-741.
Wang R,MartíN F L,Roth F.2003.Computation of deformation induced by earthquakes in a multi-layered elastic crust-FORTRAN programs EDGRN/EDCMP[J].Computers&Geosciences,29(2):195-207.
Zhang L,Chen G,Wu Y,et al.2016.Stochastic ground-motion simulations for the 2016 Kumamoto,Japan,earthquake[J].Earth,Planets and Space,68(1):184.
Zhang W,Iwata T,Irikura K.2010.Dynamic simulation of the 1999 Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,115(B4):2500-2522.
Zhu L,Rivera L A.2002.A note on the dynamic and static displacements from a point source in multilayered media[J].Geophysical Journal International,148(3):619-627.
CHANG Ying,ZHOU Hong,YU Yan-xiang.2012.Strong ground-motion simulation of the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,34(2):224-234(in Chinese).
陈杰,李涛,孙建宝,等.2016.2016年11月25日新疆阿克陶MW6.6地震发震构造与地表破裂[J].地震地质,38(4):1160-1174.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.04.028.
CHEN Jie,LI Tao,SUN Jian-bao,et al.2016.Coseismic surface ruptures and seismogenic Muji Fault of the 25November 2016 Arketao MW6.6 earthquake in northern Pamir[J].Seismology and Geology,38(4):1160-1174(in Chinese).
雷建设,周蕙兰,赵大鹏.2002.帕米尔及邻区地壳上地幔P波三维速度结构的研究[J].地球物理学报,45(6):802-811.
LEI Jian-she,ZHOU Hui-lan,ZHAO Da-peng.2002.3-D velocity structure of P-wave in the crust and upper-mantle beneath Pamir and adjacent region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,45(6):802-811(in Chinese).
李启成.2010.经验格林函数方法模拟地震动研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所。
LI Qi-cheng.2010.Research on ground motion simulation with empirical Green's function method[D].Institute ofEngineering Mechanics,CEA,Harbin(in Chinese).
李启成,孙颖川,闫晓丹.2016.用格林函数方法模拟卢龙地震[J].地球物理学进展,31(5):1947-1952.doi:10.6038/pg20160508.
LI Qi-cheng,SUN Ying-chuan,YAN Xiao-dan.2016.Using Green's function to simulate Lulong earthquake[J].Progress in Geophysics,31(5):1947-1952(in Chinese).
孟令媛,周龙泉,刘杰.2014a.2013年四川芦山MS7.0地震近断层强地面运动模拟及烈度分布估计[J].地球物理学报,57(2):441-448.doi:10.6038/cjg20140210.
MENG Ling-yuan,ZHOU Long-quan,LIU Jie.2014a.Estimation of the near-fault strong ground motion and intensity distribution of the 2013 Lushan,Sichuan,MS7.0 earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(2):441-448(in Chinese).
孟令媛,周龙泉,刘杰.2014b.2014年新疆于田MS7.3地震近断层强地面运动模拟及烈度分布估计[J].地震学报,36(3):362-371.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-3782.2014.03.003.
MENG Ling-yuan,ZHOU Long-quan,LIU Jie.2014b.Estimation of the near-fault strong ground motion and intensity distribution of the 2014 Yutian,Xinjiang,MS7.3 earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,36(3):362-371(in Chinese).
王海云.2010.2010年4月14日玉树MS7.1地震加速度场预测[J].地球物理学报,53(10):2345-2354.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.10.008.
WANG Hai-yun.2010.Prediction of acceleration field of the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(10):2345-2354(in Chinese).
胥颐,刘建华,刘福田,等.2006.天山-帕米尔结合带的地壳速度结构及地震活动研究[J].地球物理学报,49(2):469-476.
XU Yi,LIU Jian-hua,LIU Fu-tian,et al.2006.Crustal velocity structure and seismic activity in the Tianshan-Pamir conjunctive zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,49(2):469-476(in Chinese).
药晓东,章文波.2015b.2013年四川芦山MS7.0地震强地面运动模拟[J].地震学报,37(4):599-616.doi:10.11939/jass.2015.04.007.
YAO Xiao-dong,ZHANG Wen-bo.2015b.Strong ground motion simulation for the 2013 MS7.0 Lushan,China,earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,37(4):599-616(in Chinese).
药晓东,章文波,于湘伟.2015a.2008年汶川8.0级大地震近场强地面运动的模拟[J].地球物理学报,58(3):886-903.doi:10.6038/cjg20150317.
YAO Xiao-dong,ZHANG Wen-bo,YU Xiang-wei.2015a.Simulation of near-field strong ground motion caused by the2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(3):886-903(in Chinese).
张先康,赵金仁,张成科,等.2002.帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究[J].地球物理学报,45(5):665-671.
ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHAO Jin-ren,ZHANG Cheng-ke,et al.2002.Crustal structure at the northeast side of the Pamirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,45(5):665-671(in Chinese).
张旭,严川,许力生,等.2017.2016年阿克陶MS6.7地震震源复杂性与烈度[J].地球物理学报,60(4):1411-1422.doi:10.6038/cjg20170415.
ZHANG Xu,YAN Chuan,XU Li-sheng,et al.2017.Source complexity of the 2016 Aketao MS6.7 earthquake and its intensity[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,60(4):1411-1422(in Chinese).
张有兵,章文波.2010.用经验格林函数法模拟2008年日本岩手-宫城地震的强地面运动[J].地震学报,32(3):320-331.
ZHANG You-bing,ZHANG Wen-bo.2010.Strong ground motion simulation of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi,Japan,earthquake using empirical Green's function method[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,32(3):320-331(inChinese).
张振国,孙耀充,徐建宽,等.2014a.2014年8月3日云南鲁甸地震强地面运动初步模拟及烈度预测[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3038-3041.doi:10.6038/cjg20140928.
ZHANG Zhen-guo,SUN Yao-chong,XU Jian-kuan,et al.2014b.Preliminary simulation of strong ground motion for Ludian,Yunnan earthquake of 3 Auguest 2014,and hazard implication[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(9):3038-3041(in Chinese).
张振国,张伟,孙耀充,等.2014b.2014年2月12日新疆于田地震强地面运动初步模拟及烈度预测[J].地球物理学报,57(2):685-689.doi:10.6038/cjg20140232.
ZHANG Zhen-guo,ZHANG Wei,SUN Yao-chong,et al.2014a.Preliminary simulation of strong ground motion for Yutian,Xinjiang earthquake of 12 February 2014,and hazard implication[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(2):685-689(in Chinese).
赵志新,赵昭,徐纪人,等.2006.用数值模拟格林函数方法合成近源地面运动地震图[J].科学通报,51(18):2181-2188.
ZHAO Zhi-xin,ZHAO Zhao,XU Ji-ren,et al.2006.Synthetic seismograms of near source ground motion by numerical simulation of Green's function[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,51(18):2181-2188(in Chinese).
Allen T I,Wald D J.2009.On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions(Vs30)[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,99(2A):935-943.
Boore D M.1983.Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,73(6A):1865-1894.
Chen X F.1999.Seismogram synthesis in multi-layered half-space Part I.Theoretical formulations[J].Earthquake Research in China,13(2):149-174.
Hartzell S H.1978.Earthquake aftershocks as Green's functions[J].Geophysical Research Letters,5(1):1-4.
Motazedian D,Atkinson G M.2005.Stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,95(3):995-1010.
Wald D J,Allen T I.2007.Topographic slope as a proxy for seismic site conditions and amplification[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,97(5):1379-1395.
Wang R.1999.A simple orthonormalization method for stable and efficient computation of Green's functions[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,89(3):733-741.
Wang R,MartíN F L,Roth F.2003.Computation of deformation induced by earthquakes in a multi-layered elastic crust-FORTRAN programs EDGRN/EDCMP[J].Computers&Geosciences,29(2):195-207.
Zhang L,Chen G,Wu Y,et al.2016.Stochastic ground-motion simulations for the 2016 Kumamoto,Japan,earthquake[J].Earth,Planets and Space,68(1):184.
Zhang W,Iwata T,Irikura K.2010.Dynamic simulation of the 1999 Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,115(B4):2500-2522.
Zhu L,Rivera L A.2002.A note on the dynamic and static displacements from a point source in multilayered media[J].Geophysical Journal International,148(3):619-627.