基于PCHD模型的MMC-SMES无源控制策略
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摘要
模块化多电平变换器(modulemultilevelconverter,MMC)由于其模块化、灵活性的特点,与传统的两电平、三电平变流器拓扑相比具有功率等级高、谐波畸变小、开关损耗低等显著优点,因此在拥有高功率密度的超导磁储能(superconducting magnetic energy storage,SMES)系统中拥有广阔的应用前景。提出了基于MMC的SMES新型拓扑结构及其无源控制策略,可有效提高受控系统的输出电能质量和动态特性。首先,建立了MMC-SMES的数学模型及其端口受控耗散哈密尔顿模型;其次,针对其运行过程中的非线性特性,通过考虑受控系统的内外部互联结构,设计了MMCSMES的无源控制策略;然后,针对MMC运行中存在的均压和环流问题,分别采用了子模块电容电压的分级式均压控制和负序二倍频坐标变换下的相间解耦控制;最后,仿真结果验证了所提出的MMC-SMES新型拓扑及其无源控制策略的有效性。
Compared with conventional two/three-level converters, module multilevel converter(MMC) has the advantages of high power, small harmonic distortion and low switching loss because of its modularity and flexibility. Therefore, MMC has a broad application prospect in superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES) system with high power density. In this paper, a novel topology of SMES based on MMC and its passivity-based control strategy are proposed to effectively improve power quality and robustness of the controlled system. Firstly, a mathematical model and a port-controlled Hamiltonian-with-dissipation(PCHD) model of MMC-SMES are established. Secondly, in order to solve the nonlinearity in operation of MMC-SMES, the passivity-based control strategy is designed considering the internal-external interaction structure of the controlled system. Then, in order to solve the problems of voltage balancing and circulating current of MMC, sub-module capacitor voltage classification balancing control and inter-phase decoupling control under negative-sequence double-frequency coordinate transformation are adopted. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed topology of SMES and its control strategy are verified through simulation studies.
Compared with conventional two/three-level converters, module multilevel converter(MMC) has the advantages of high power, small harmonic distortion and low switching loss because of its modularity and flexibility. Therefore, MMC has a broad application prospect in superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES) system with high power density. In this paper, a novel topology of SMES based on MMC and its passivity-based control strategy are proposed to effectively improve power quality and robustness of the controlled system. Firstly, a mathematical model and a port-controlled Hamiltonian-with-dissipation(PCHD) model of MMC-SMES are established. Secondly, in order to solve the nonlinearity in operation of MMC-SMES, the passivity-based control strategy is designed considering the internal-external interaction structure of the controlled system. Then, in order to solve the problems of voltage balancing and circulating current of MMC, sub-module capacitor voltage classification balancing control and inter-phase decoupling control under negative-sequence double-frequency coordinate transformation are adopted. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed topology of SMES and its control strategy are verified through simulation studies.
引文
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[15]席裕庚,李德伟,林姝.模型预测控制——现状与挑战[J].自动化学报,2013,39(3):222-236.Xi Yugeng,Li Dewei,Lin Shu.Model predictive control-status and challenges[J].ActaAutomaticaSinica,2013,39(3):222-236(in Chinese).
[16]张宇,程启明,程尹曼,等.电容中点式三相四线制SAPF混合无源非线性控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,19(41):110-119.Zhang Yu,Cheng Qiming,Cheng Yinman,et al.Nonlinear control strategyofthree-phasefour-wireshuntactivepowerfilterwithmidpointcapacity[J].AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2017,19(41):110-119(in Chinese).
[17]任佳佳,王建赜,胡应宏,等.双馈风力发电机网侧变流器的PCHD建模与IDA-PB控制[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(4):108-113.Ren Jiajia,Wang Jianze,Hu Yinghong,et al.PCHD modeling and IDA-PB control of grid-side converter in doubly-fed wind generation system[J].ElectricPowerAutomationEquipment,2014,34(4):108-113(in Chinese).
[18]程启明,谭冯忍,程尹曼,等.电网不平衡下DFIG网侧变换器侧基于PCHD模型的无源控制[J].电网技术,2017,41(5):1627-1635.ChengQiming,TanFengren,ChengYinman,etal.Researchon passivity-basedcontrolbasedonPCHDmodelforDFIGgrid-side converter under unbalanced grid voltage conditions[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(5):1627-1635(in Chinese).
[19]林晓冬,雷勇.SMES/BESS储能变流器在微电网中的控制策略研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):1458-1466.Lin Xiaodong,Lei Yong.Research on control strategy of SMES/BESS energy storage converters in microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(5):1458-1466(in Chinese).
[20]WangJ,YinH.Passivitybasedcontrollerdesignbased onELand PCHD model[J].Procedia Engineering,2011,15(15):33-37.
[21]李学斌,赵彩宏,黄晓华,等.级联型换流器在超导储能系统中的应用[J].电网技术,2006,30(16):54-58.LiXuebin,ZhaoCaihong,HuangXiaohua,etal.Applicationof cascadedconverterinsuperconductingmagneticenergystorage system[J]. PowerSystemTechnology, 2006, 30(16):54-58(in Chinese).
[22]武健,刘瑜超,徐殿国.基于模块多电平变换器的并联有源滤波器控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(12):52-59.Wu Jian,Liu Yuchao,Xu Dianguo.Control strategy of shunt active power filter based on modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(12):52-59(in Chinese).
[23]Hagiwara M,Maeda R,Akagi H.Control and analysis of the modular multilevelcascadeconverterbasedondouble-starchopper-cells(MMCC-DSCC)[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(6):1649-1658.
[24]Moon J W,Gwon J S,Park J W,et al.Model predictive control with areducednumberofconsideredstatesinamodularmultilevel converterforHVDCsystem[J]. IEEETransactionsonPower Delivery,2015,30(2):608-617.
[25]祝贺,王久和,郑成才,等.五电平MMC-UPQC的无源控制[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(S2):172-178.Zhu He,Wang Jiuhe,Zheng Chengcai,et al.Passivity based control of five-level MMC-UPQC[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(S2):172-178(in Chinese).
[26]闵俊,叶盛,何志兴,等.多电平铁路功率调节器的无源控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):102-109.Min Jun,Ye Sheng,He Zhixing,et al.Passivity-based control method for multi-level railway power conditioner[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):102-109(in Chinese).
[27]施啸寒.静止桥接储能装置在电力系统稳定控制中的应用研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.
[28]KomurcugilH.Improvedpassivity-basedcontrolmethodandits robustnessanalysisforsingle-phaseuninterruptiblepowersupply inverters[J].IET Power Electronics,2015,8(8):1558-1570.
[29]Yazdani A,Iravani R.Voltage-sourced converters in power systems:modeling,control,and applications[M].IEEE Press/John Wiley,2010:217-226.
[30]唐西胜,邓卫,齐智平.基于储能的微网并网/离网无缝切换技术[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(S1):279-284.Tang Xisheng,Deng Wei,Qi Zhiping.Research on grid-connected/islandedseamlesstransitionofmicrogridbasedonenergystorage[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(S1):279-284(in Chinese).
[2]Deng J,Shi J,Liu Y,et al.Application of a hybrid energy storage systeminthefastchargingstationofelectricvehicles[J]. IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(4):1092-1097.
[3]Li H,Cartes D,Steurer M,et al.Control design of STATCOM with superconductivemagneticenergystorage[J].IEEETransactionson applied superconductivity,2005,15(2):1883-1886.
[4]Xin Y,Chen W,Fang H.Research on the cascaded inverters based on simplex DC power source[C]//International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology&High Density Packaging,2008.ICEPT-HDP2008.IEEE,2008:1-3.
[5]Liu J,Zhang H,Zhang Y.Coordinated control strategy of scalable superconductingmagneticenergystorage[J].IEEETransactionson Smart Grid,DOI:10.1109/TSG.2016.2599699.
[6]徐殿国,李彬彬,周少泽.模块化多电平高压变频技术研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(20):104-116.XuDianguo,LiBinbin,ZhouShaoze.Overviewofthemodular multilevel converter based high voltage motor drive[J].Transactions ofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety, 2017, 32(20):104-116(in Chinese).
[7]Molina M G,Mercado P E.Power flow stabilization and control of microgrid with wind generation by superconducting magnetic energy storage[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(3):910-922.
[8]Liu F,Mei S,Xia D,etal.Experimental evaluation of nonlinear robustcontrolforSMEStoimprovethetransientstabilityofpower systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(4):774-782.
[9]闵俊,叶盛,何志兴,等.多电平铁路功率调节器的无源控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):102-109.Min Jun,Ye Sheng,He Zhixing,et al.Passivity-based control method for multi-level railway power conditioner[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):102-109(in Chinese).
[10]周飞航,刘军.基于状态反馈的直驱风电系统模糊控制策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(9):2758-2763.Zhou Feihang,Liu Jun.Fuzzy control strategy of direct-drive wind power system based on state feedback[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(9):2758-2763(in Chinese).
[11]张辉,李志新,王涛,等.基于三矢量的三相PWM整流器低复杂性模型预测直接功率控制[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):957-965.ZhangHui,LiZhixin,WangTao,etal.Threevectorsbasedlow complexitymodelpredictivedirectpowercontrolforthree-phase PWM rectifier[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(3):957-965(in Chinese).
[12]陈启宏,罗潇汝,张立炎.三相四桥臂并网逆变器约束模型预测控制[J].电网技术,2018,42(2):555-563.ChenQihong, LuoXiaoru, ZhangLiyan. Constrainedmodel predictive control for three-phase four-leg grid-tied inverter[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(2):555-563(in Chinese).
[13]高本锋,姚磊.基于改进自抗扰控制的抑制光火打捆经直流送出系统的次同步振荡策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(2):533-540.Gao Benfeng,Yao Lei.Sub-synchronous oscillation suppression for photovoltaic-thermal-bundled power system based on improved active disturbance rejection control[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(2):533-540(in Chinese).
[14]马燕峰,蒋云涛,陈磊,等.光伏电站自抗扰附加阻尼控制抑制低频振荡策略研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):1741-1747.Ma Yanfeng,Jiang Yuntao,Chen Lei,et al.An ADRC additional dampingcontrolstrategyresearchonlowfrequencyoscillation suppressionofphotovoltaicplants[J].PowerSystemTechnology,2017,41(6):1741-1747(in Chinese).
[15]席裕庚,李德伟,林姝.模型预测控制——现状与挑战[J].自动化学报,2013,39(3):222-236.Xi Yugeng,Li Dewei,Lin Shu.Model predictive control-status and challenges[J].ActaAutomaticaSinica,2013,39(3):222-236(in Chinese).
[16]张宇,程启明,程尹曼,等.电容中点式三相四线制SAPF混合无源非线性控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,19(41):110-119.Zhang Yu,Cheng Qiming,Cheng Yinman,et al.Nonlinear control strategyofthree-phasefour-wireshuntactivepowerfilterwithmidpointcapacity[J].AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2017,19(41):110-119(in Chinese).
[17]任佳佳,王建赜,胡应宏,等.双馈风力发电机网侧变流器的PCHD建模与IDA-PB控制[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(4):108-113.Ren Jiajia,Wang Jianze,Hu Yinghong,et al.PCHD modeling and IDA-PB control of grid-side converter in doubly-fed wind generation system[J].ElectricPowerAutomationEquipment,2014,34(4):108-113(in Chinese).
[18]程启明,谭冯忍,程尹曼,等.电网不平衡下DFIG网侧变换器侧基于PCHD模型的无源控制[J].电网技术,2017,41(5):1627-1635.ChengQiming,TanFengren,ChengYinman,etal.Researchon passivity-basedcontrolbasedonPCHDmodelforDFIGgrid-side converter under unbalanced grid voltage conditions[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(5):1627-1635(in Chinese).
[19]林晓冬,雷勇.SMES/BESS储能变流器在微电网中的控制策略研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):1458-1466.Lin Xiaodong,Lei Yong.Research on control strategy of SMES/BESS energy storage converters in microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(5):1458-1466(in Chinese).
[20]WangJ,YinH.Passivitybasedcontrollerdesignbased onELand PCHD model[J].Procedia Engineering,2011,15(15):33-37.
[21]李学斌,赵彩宏,黄晓华,等.级联型换流器在超导储能系统中的应用[J].电网技术,2006,30(16):54-58.LiXuebin,ZhaoCaihong,HuangXiaohua,etal.Applicationof cascadedconverterinsuperconductingmagneticenergystorage system[J]. PowerSystemTechnology, 2006, 30(16):54-58(in Chinese).
[22]武健,刘瑜超,徐殿国.基于模块多电平变换器的并联有源滤波器控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(12):52-59.Wu Jian,Liu Yuchao,Xu Dianguo.Control strategy of shunt active power filter based on modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(12):52-59(in Chinese).
[23]Hagiwara M,Maeda R,Akagi H.Control and analysis of the modular multilevelcascadeconverterbasedondouble-starchopper-cells(MMCC-DSCC)[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(6):1649-1658.
[24]Moon J W,Gwon J S,Park J W,et al.Model predictive control with areducednumberofconsideredstatesinamodularmultilevel converterforHVDCsystem[J]. IEEETransactionsonPower Delivery,2015,30(2):608-617.
[25]祝贺,王久和,郑成才,等.五电平MMC-UPQC的无源控制[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(S2):172-178.Zhu He,Wang Jiuhe,Zheng Chengcai,et al.Passivity based control of five-level MMC-UPQC[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(S2):172-178(in Chinese).
[26]闵俊,叶盛,何志兴,等.多电平铁路功率调节器的无源控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):102-109.Min Jun,Ye Sheng,He Zhixing,et al.Passivity-based control method for multi-level railway power conditioner[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):102-109(in Chinese).
[27]施啸寒.静止桥接储能装置在电力系统稳定控制中的应用研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.
[28]KomurcugilH.Improvedpassivity-basedcontrolmethodandits robustnessanalysisforsingle-phaseuninterruptiblepowersupply inverters[J].IET Power Electronics,2015,8(8):1558-1570.
[29]Yazdani A,Iravani R.Voltage-sourced converters in power systems:modeling,control,and applications[M].IEEE Press/John Wiley,2010:217-226.
[30]唐西胜,邓卫,齐智平.基于储能的微网并网/离网无缝切换技术[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(S1):279-284.Tang Xisheng,Deng Wei,Qi Zhiping.Research on grid-connected/islandedseamlesstransitionofmicrogridbasedonenergystorage[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(S1):279-284(in Chinese).