叶面肥种类对葡萄果实品质和叶片生长的影响
|
摘要
为探究不同种类叶面肥对不同鲜食葡萄果实品质和叶片生长的影响,使用5种不同种类的叶面肥,在不同的葡萄生长时期,对‘夏黑’、‘巨峰’和‘巨玫瑰’3个葡萄品种进行叶面喷施,喷施后调查葡萄的果实品质指标和叶片生长指标。结果表明,不同种类的叶面肥对叶片生长及果实品质的影响有很大差异,多种类型的叶面肥配合使用效果最佳。葡萄品种不同对喷施叶面肥的响应也不同, ‘夏黑’葡萄喷施后,果实品质显著提高,但叶片生长指标无明显差异; ‘巨峰’葡萄喷施后,果实品质指标与对照相比无显著差异,但叶片生长指标有显著提高; ‘巨玫瑰’葡萄喷施后,果实品质没有明显提高,但单叶重、叶绿素含量和叶面积有显著提高,总体规律不明显。综上所述,不同种类叶面肥配合使用,对葡萄品质提高效果最佳;不同葡萄品种叶面肥使用效果不同,且使用效果与土壤肥力、植株本身的吸肥能力等有很大关系。生产上不应盲目施用叶面肥,其中磷酸二氢钾物美价廉,值得推荐。
To explore the influence of different foliar fertilizers on grape fruit quality and leaf growth, five kinds of foliar fertilizers were utilized on three grape cultivars, 'Summer Black', 'Kyoho', and 'Jumeigui', during different grape growing stages. After spraying, the fruit quality index and leaf growing characteristics were investigated. The results showed that, the influences of different foliar fertilizers on the fruit quality and leaf growth were significantly different. Combined spraying of different foliar fertilizers could have better result.Furthermore, there are significant differences among cultivars in regarding to the fruit quality and leaf growth after spraying. For 'Summer Black', the fruit quality was significantly improved. The quality index had no significant difference between the treatments and CK1(spraying water) in 'Kyoho'grape; however, the leaf growth index increased significantly after spraying foliar fertilizer. The fruit quality of 'Jumeigui'had no significant change after spraying foliar fertilizer, but the leaf growth index such as chlorophyll content and leaf area increased significantly, and the general changing trend was not obvious. Taken together, the utilization of different foliar fertilizers simultaneously could increase the fruit quality more effectively than using only one type of foliar fertilizer. Fruit quality and leaf growth of different cultivars have different responses to foliar fertilizers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of foliar fertilizers is closely related to soil fertility, soil properties,and absorbing ability of grape plant itself. Therefore, the foliar fertilizer should not be used blindly during grape production. KH2 PO4 is less expensive, and has better effect, which can be recommended.
To explore the influence of different foliar fertilizers on grape fruit quality and leaf growth, five kinds of foliar fertilizers were utilized on three grape cultivars, 'Summer Black', 'Kyoho', and 'Jumeigui', during different grape growing stages. After spraying, the fruit quality index and leaf growing characteristics were investigated. The results showed that, the influences of different foliar fertilizers on the fruit quality and leaf growth were significantly different. Combined spraying of different foliar fertilizers could have better result.Furthermore, there are significant differences among cultivars in regarding to the fruit quality and leaf growth after spraying. For 'Summer Black', the fruit quality was significantly improved. The quality index had no significant difference between the treatments and CK1(spraying water) in 'Kyoho'grape; however, the leaf growth index increased significantly after spraying foliar fertilizer. The fruit quality of 'Jumeigui'had no significant change after spraying foliar fertilizer, but the leaf growth index such as chlorophyll content and leaf area increased significantly, and the general changing trend was not obvious. Taken together, the utilization of different foliar fertilizers simultaneously could increase the fruit quality more effectively than using only one type of foliar fertilizer. Fruit quality and leaf growth of different cultivars have different responses to foliar fertilizers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of foliar fertilizers is closely related to soil fertility, soil properties,and absorbing ability of grape plant itself. Therefore, the foliar fertilizer should not be used blindly during grape production. KH2 PO4 is less expensive, and has better effect, which can be recommended.
引文
[1]卢精林,张禧仁,许耀照.不同叶面肥对葡萄果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2011,23:27-28.
[2]陈云,张勇,刘瑜,等.新型叶面肥对葡萄产量及品质的影响试验[J].新疆农业科技,2014,3:41-42.
[3]黄文碧,胡树养,叶家茂.不同叶面肥对巨峰葡萄品质的影响[J].农家之友,2010,9:32-33.
[4]李之丽,杨春霞,段翠芝,等.果树叶面肥喷施技术[J].现代农业科技,2008,10:63-64.
[5]张志良,瞿伟菁,李小芳.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:262-264.
[6]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:288-289.
[7]Jurisio A,Kisic I,Zgorelec Z,et al.Influence of water erosion on copper and sulphur distribution in vineyard soils[J].Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology,2012,13:880-889.
[8]Yanta F,Martin I,Lucena J,et al.Iron chelates supplied foliarly improve the iron translocation rate in Tempranillo grapevine[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2013,44:794-804.
[9]王孝娣,刘凤之,谢计蒙,等.设施栽培桃喷施氨基酸系列叶面肥试验[J].中国果树,2012,3:37-40.
[10]李敏,厉恩茂,李壮,等.氨基酸钙叶面微肥对苹果缺素症的矫正及果实品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(11):180-182.
[11]车俊峰,郭春会,高疆生,等.不同叶面肥在3个葡萄品种上的应用[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(11):141-144.
[12]鲁春燕.秋季叶面喷施对红地球葡萄的作用效果[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[13]杨江山.氨基酸叶面肥对设施延后‘红地球’葡萄光合特性和品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(6):81-86.
[14]羌松,曹骞,王雷,等.生物叶面肥对红地球葡萄果实品质的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2012,35(4):298-301.
[15]李建军.有机肥、沼液对‘红地球’葡萄生长、产量和果实品质的影响[J].北方果树,2011(4):18-19.
[16]罗连光,黄若玲,贺爱国,等.生物活性稀土微肥对红地球葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].中国稀土学报,2006,24(Z1):200-202.
[17]张天毅.无公害液肥利果美对‘红提’葡萄果实品质的影响[J].北方果树,2009(4):53.
[18]苏婷.新疆三个葡萄主栽品种秋季喷施叶面肥的效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[19]马彦飞,刘小会,文颖强.三种新型叶面肥在葡萄上的应用初报[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2015,3:28-31.
[20]万怡震,盛伯飚,杜慧芳,等.复合叶面肥对油桃和葡萄生长生理及果树品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(1):28-35.
[21]王海波,王孝娣,姚秀业,等.氨基酸硒叶面肥在玫瑰香葡萄上的应用效果[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2011,5:47-49.
[22]姜益娟,郑德明,吕双庆,等.新疆农田土壤有机质含量及组成特征[J].土壤,2004,36(1):43-45.
[23]孙立富.利果美叶面肥在巨峰葡萄上的施用效果[J].北方果树,2002(6):40.
[24]车俊峰,郭春会,苏婷,等.三种叶面肥在新疆两种葡萄上应用效果的比较研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):91-94,121.
[25]Garde-Cerden T,Santamaria P,Rubio-Breton P,et al.Foliar application of proline,phenylalamine,and urea to Tempranillo vines:Effect on grape volatile composition and comparison with the use of commercial nitrogen fertilizers[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2015,60:684-689.
[26]Khan A S,Ahmad B,Jaskani M J,et al.Foliar application of mixture of amino acids and seaweed(Ascophylum nodosum)extract improve growth and physic-chemical properties of grapes[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2012,14:383-388.
[27]Sanchez-Gomez R,Gard-Cerden T,Zalacain A,et al.Vine-shoot waste aqueous extract applied as foliar fertilizer to grapevines:Effect on amino acids and fermentative volatile content[J].Food chemistry,2016,197:132-140.
[28]商佳胤,王丹,高扬,等.不同叶面肥在玫瑰香葡萄设施延后栽培中的应用初探[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2012(1):6-9.
[2]陈云,张勇,刘瑜,等.新型叶面肥对葡萄产量及品质的影响试验[J].新疆农业科技,2014,3:41-42.
[3]黄文碧,胡树养,叶家茂.不同叶面肥对巨峰葡萄品质的影响[J].农家之友,2010,9:32-33.
[4]李之丽,杨春霞,段翠芝,等.果树叶面肥喷施技术[J].现代农业科技,2008,10:63-64.
[5]张志良,瞿伟菁,李小芳.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:262-264.
[6]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:288-289.
[7]Jurisio A,Kisic I,Zgorelec Z,et al.Influence of water erosion on copper and sulphur distribution in vineyard soils[J].Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology,2012,13:880-889.
[8]Yanta F,Martin I,Lucena J,et al.Iron chelates supplied foliarly improve the iron translocation rate in Tempranillo grapevine[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2013,44:794-804.
[9]王孝娣,刘凤之,谢计蒙,等.设施栽培桃喷施氨基酸系列叶面肥试验[J].中国果树,2012,3:37-40.
[10]李敏,厉恩茂,李壮,等.氨基酸钙叶面微肥对苹果缺素症的矫正及果实品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(11):180-182.
[11]车俊峰,郭春会,高疆生,等.不同叶面肥在3个葡萄品种上的应用[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(11):141-144.
[12]鲁春燕.秋季叶面喷施对红地球葡萄的作用效果[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[13]杨江山.氨基酸叶面肥对设施延后‘红地球’葡萄光合特性和品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(6):81-86.
[14]羌松,曹骞,王雷,等.生物叶面肥对红地球葡萄果实品质的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2012,35(4):298-301.
[15]李建军.有机肥、沼液对‘红地球’葡萄生长、产量和果实品质的影响[J].北方果树,2011(4):18-19.
[16]罗连光,黄若玲,贺爱国,等.生物活性稀土微肥对红地球葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].中国稀土学报,2006,24(Z1):200-202.
[17]张天毅.无公害液肥利果美对‘红提’葡萄果实品质的影响[J].北方果树,2009(4):53.
[18]苏婷.新疆三个葡萄主栽品种秋季喷施叶面肥的效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[19]马彦飞,刘小会,文颖强.三种新型叶面肥在葡萄上的应用初报[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2015,3:28-31.
[20]万怡震,盛伯飚,杜慧芳,等.复合叶面肥对油桃和葡萄生长生理及果树品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(1):28-35.
[21]王海波,王孝娣,姚秀业,等.氨基酸硒叶面肥在玫瑰香葡萄上的应用效果[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2011,5:47-49.
[22]姜益娟,郑德明,吕双庆,等.新疆农田土壤有机质含量及组成特征[J].土壤,2004,36(1):43-45.
[23]孙立富.利果美叶面肥在巨峰葡萄上的施用效果[J].北方果树,2002(6):40.
[24]车俊峰,郭春会,苏婷,等.三种叶面肥在新疆两种葡萄上应用效果的比较研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):91-94,121.
[25]Garde-Cerden T,Santamaria P,Rubio-Breton P,et al.Foliar application of proline,phenylalamine,and urea to Tempranillo vines:Effect on grape volatile composition and comparison with the use of commercial nitrogen fertilizers[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2015,60:684-689.
[26]Khan A S,Ahmad B,Jaskani M J,et al.Foliar application of mixture of amino acids and seaweed(Ascophylum nodosum)extract improve growth and physic-chemical properties of grapes[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2012,14:383-388.
[27]Sanchez-Gomez R,Gard-Cerden T,Zalacain A,et al.Vine-shoot waste aqueous extract applied as foliar fertilizer to grapevines:Effect on amino acids and fermentative volatile content[J].Food chemistry,2016,197:132-140.
[28]商佳胤,王丹,高扬,等.不同叶面肥在玫瑰香葡萄设施延后栽培中的应用初探[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2012(1):6-9.